1 Biology and its Topics 2



Unit 1: The Role of Chemistry in Biology 27

2 Atoms and Molecules 28

3 The Chemistry of Water 44

4 Carbon: The Basis of Molecular Diversity 56

5 Biomacromolecules and Lipids 66

6 Energy and Life 93



Unit 2 Cell Biology 214

7 Cell Structure and Function 115

8 Cell membrane 148

9 Cell Signal Exchange 166

10 Cellular Respiration 188

11 Photosynthetic Process 211

12 Cell Division 236



Unit 3: The Genetic Basis of Life 255

13 The Sexual Cycle and Meiosis 256

14 Mendelian Genetics 271

15 Linkage and Chromosome 296

16 Nucleic Acids and Genetics 316

Expression of 17 genes 337

18 Gene Expression Regulation 367

19 DNA Technology 401

20 Evolution of the Genome 428



Unit 4 Evolution 453

21 How Does Evolution Work? 454

22 Phylogenetic Reconstruction 473

23 Sojinhwa 494

24 species and 516 speciation

25 Evolution 535



Unit 5: Diversity of Life 563

26 Viruses 564

27 Prokaryotes 583

28 Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes 603

29 Non-vascular and seedless vascular plants 628

30 Seed plants 646

31 Fungi 664

32 Animal Diversity 683

33 Invertebrates 698

34 Vertebrates 732



Unit 6 Plants: Structure and Function 773

35 Plant Structure and Growth 774

36 Transport in Vascular Plants 800

37 Plant Nutrition 821

38 Reproduction of Angiosperms 838

39 Plant Signals and Behaviors 858



Unit 7 Animals: Structure and Function 888

40 Animal Body 889

41 Chemical Signals in Animals 915

42 Animal Digestive System 936

43 Animal Transport System 959

44 Animal excretory system 991

45 Animal Reproductive System 1013

46 Animal Development 1037

47 Animals defend against infection 1062

48 Electrical Signals in Animals 1087

49 Animal Neural Control 1105

50 Animal Senses and Movements 1127



Unit 8 Ecology 1161

51 Overview of Ecology 1162

52 Behavioral Ecology 1189

53 Population and Life History Characteristics 1212

54 Biodiversity and Communities 1236

55 Energy Flow and Material Cycles in Ecosystems 1260

56 Conservation and Global Ecology 1284