{"product_id":"106019","title":"Economic History of the Real Estate Republic ","description":"\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/tmgdisk01.cafe24.com\/images\/vs\/4172\/sv\/3jYHQJ2B2QU8wge6eYGq589nx1VJjZ.png?v=1765124594\" style=\"max-width:100%;max-height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center;font-size:30px;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em\"\u003e Economic History of the Real Estate Republic \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-color:;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\u003ctbody style=\"border:0px\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-size:18px;color:black;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/goods\/68724109\/XL\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;{split_style6}padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e Description \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;word-break:break-all;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eBook Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eA society that has fallen from an equal land rights society to a society that seeks unearned income\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cbr\u003eSelf-portrait of South Korea\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e After liberation, South Korea achieved a society of equal land rights (equal rights to land for all members of society) through land reform, but it did not have the institutional devices necessary to maintain that state.\u003cbr\u003e As industrialization and urbanization rapidly progressed, the focus of land issues shifted from agricultural land to urban land. The problem is that indiscriminate real estate development has been taking place since the late 1960s without any countermeasures in place.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The main culprit behind indiscriminate real estate development was former President Park Chung-hee.\u003cbr\u003e The development of Gangnam was the starting point, but in fact, it was not pursued for the grand purpose of implementing a blueprint for national land development, but rather for the somewhat odd purpose of securing land for the Gyeongbu Expressway and raising political funds. \u003cbr\u003eThe development of Gangnam, which began in this way, along with the reclamation project of the shared waters along the Han River, turned the Gangnam area into a densely populated area of ​​apartments, which led to a surge in land prices.\u003cbr\u003e Real estate speculation, which began in earnest at this time, continued to occur in cycles of about 10 years thereafter, and real estate emerged as a major topic of discussion for the Korean government and people.\u003cbr\u003e After Park Chung-hee's development of Gangnam, Korean society became a society where those who worked hard and prospered, rather than a society where those who moved nimbly in pursuit of unearned income, prospered.\u003cbr\u003e Politicians, construction workers, influential figures, conglomerates, and even small and medium-sized enterprises, the middle class, and even the common people all aim to strike it rich in real estate—this is the very picture of Korean society today.\u003cbr\u003e How else can we describe this other than as a real estate republic?\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e You can preview some of the book's contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePreview\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eindex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e  \u003cdiv\u003eprolog\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart 1: The advent of a society of equal land rights with liberation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Introduction | Why Equal Land Rights Matter\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 1: The Land of the Country vs. the Landowner\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 2: A society of equal land rights brought about by land reform\u003cbr\u003e + Choo Mi-ae's speech, Cho Bong-am and Roh Moo-hyun were seen\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart 2: South Korea's Descendance into a \"Real Estate Republic\"\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 3: The Door to the Real Estate Republic Opened by Park Chung-hee\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 4: The ever-blooming speculative frenzy and poor government policies\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 5: The Sad Endowment Tax\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 6: The Reality of the Real Estate Republic\u003cbr\u003e + The Lee Myung-bak government's real estate policy that hit the common people's economy hard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart 3: Towards a world where sweat, not land, is rewarded\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 7: Income-led growth or unearned income-led growth?\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 8: Suggestions for Dismantling the Real Estate Republic\u003cbr\u003e + The birth of a basic income-linked land holding tax\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Boron | A History of the Korean Land Justice Movement? Henry George's Thoughts Flourish in Korea\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Epilogue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Americas | Glossary | References\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eInto the book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e  \u003cdiv\u003eSupporters of the developmental state theory and New Right scholars attribute Korea's unprecedented high economic growth to Park Chung-hee's leadership.\u003cbr\u003e They are overlooking the simple principle that major economic change is impossible without a drive from below.\u003cbr\u003e Moreover, supporters of the developmental state theory and New Right scholars tend to believe that, prior to the May 16 coup, nepotism was rampant and a professional bureaucracy valuing ability could not take root, whereas, after Park Chung-hee came to power, he finally eradicated nepotism and established a professional bureaucracy based on ability.\u003cbr\u003e But that is not true.\u003cbr\u003e The meritocracy, which appoints officials through examinations, had already begun to take root during the Syngman Rhee administration, when land reform brought about the realization of a society with equal land rights and the development of education. \u003cbr\u003eIt was from then on that the country secured autonomy from powerful interest groups and established a foundation for implementing policies favorable to growth.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, for developing countries seeking to learn from Korea's growth experience, it is more important to share the experience of land reform rather than teaching Park Chung-hee.\u003cbr\u003e --- pp.50-51\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Many view the Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy as a failure, but the truth is the opposite.\u003cbr\u003e The only reason cited by those who believe that the Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy failed is that it failed to control housing prices. This criticism does not take into account the fact that at the time, due to the unprecedented expansion of liquidity, real estate prices soared in countries around the world, while Korea's price increase was relatively low--- p. [Figure 5]). \u003cbr\u003eMoreover, the policy content is so outstanding that no other government in South Korea has dared to attempt it, so it is absurd to define the Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy as a failure.\u003cbr\u003e The Roh Moo-hyun administration implemented monumental policies, including actively pursuing a policy of strengthening property taxes, not implementing real estate stimulus measures even during the recession, imposing heavy capital gains taxes on those with excessive real estate holdings, dramatically increasing the transparency of real estate transactions by introducing a real transaction price system, expanding the supply of long-term public rental housing for the general public, and disclosing land ownership distribution statistics for the first time ever.\u003cbr\u003e Nevertheless, the Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy was forced to yield to the persistent attacks of the privileged class, which cannot be anything other than a historical tragedy.\u003cbr\u003e --- pp.143-144\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIt is also a huge mistake not to implement expansionary fiscal policy when the self-employed are crying out and youth unemployment is so serious that it exceeds 10 percent.\u003cbr\u003e The Moon Jae-in administration's income-led growth policy, while moving in the right direction, failed to produce results largely due to its failure to implement bold welfare and macroeconomic policies.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.187\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The opposition party and conservative media's argument that the Moon Jae-in administration is to blame is at first glance valid, as it points out the Moon Jae-in administration's policy confusion and the fact that real estate prices are rising much faster than under the previous administration.\u003cbr\u003e However, the problem is that they have tried to ignore the obvious fact that the Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye administrations attempted to blatantly stimulate the real estate market for nine years, and that the relaxation of reconstruction and financial regulations during the Park Geun-hye administration was the starting point of the real estate frenzy in Gangnam. \u003cbr\u003eThe easing of reconstruction regulations is also seriously flawed in its logic, as it was presented as a solution to the speculative frenzy, despite it being a policy that contributed to it.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e --- p.201\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003ePublisher's Review\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eA look at the economic history of the Republic of Korea with a focus on real estate issues\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The biggest buzzword that shook Korean society in 2018 was 'Smart Hanchae.'\u003cbr\u003e The entire nation was in an uproar over the speculative frenzy that swept through with tremendous momentum, and articles about the skyrocketing apartment prices in Seoul, especially in Gangnam, were reported daily, driving ordinary citizens into a state of relative deprivation and anxiety.\u003cbr\u003e The government, startled, hurriedly came up with the September 13th measures, which helped to calm the speculative winds to some extent. However, these were more like stopgap measures rather than fundamental solutions, and it is unclear when the powder keg could explode again. \u003cbr\u003eHow did South Korea, once the most egalitarian country in the world in land distribution around 1960, degenerate into a society where everyone is obsessed with unearned income? Professor Jeon Kang-soo, a leading Korean Georgist scholar and real estate expert who has consistently served as a practical intellectual, offers a clear answer to this question.\u003cbr\u003e According to Professor Jeon, the limitations of land reform—namely, the exclusion of urban land and forests from the reform target and the insufficient institutional mechanisms to prevent the recurrence of land ownership inequality—as well as the indiscriminate development of Gangnam pushed by the Park Chung-hee regime were major factors in Korea's decline into a real estate republic since the 1970s.\u003cbr\u003e “The process by which an equal rights society was established and then retreated in Korea has a very important meaning. \u003cbr\u003e“Unprecedented high growth, real estate speculation, the formation of vested interests, inequality and polarization, and economic crisis are all related to it.”\u003cbr\u003e As a scholar who was greatly influenced by the ideas of Henry George, author of Progress and Poverty, a world-renowned book that sold the second-best after the Bible in the United States until the late 19th century, Professor Jeon Kang-su has consistently preached land justice for 27 years against the logic of vested interests, speculative forces, and New Right historians.\u003cbr\u003e This new book, \"Economic History of the Real Estate Republic,\" can be said to be the definitive edition of Korean society's chronic real estate problems and their solutions.\u003cbr\u003e It helps readers understand the content by providing various visual aids and helpful glossary of terms, while focusing on dismantling myths about real estate issues that have been widely misunderstood by the public and informing them of the truth through an easy and clear writing style and logic. \u003cbr\u003eIt also included specific policy proposals that the Moon Jae-in administration, which started out riding on the back of the \"candlelight public sentiment\" like Noh Do, must adopt to ensure its success.\u003cbr\u003e With public sentiment turning against the sluggish reforms, this may be the last chance. I sincerely hope that the public and policymakers will listen to the author's solutions and find a groundbreaking solution to the real estate problem, the very foundation of social reform.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eMyths and Truths Surrounding Real Estate Issues\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Professor Jeon Kang-su first clearly points out the false myths about real estate issues that have been deeply rooted in our society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 1〉 The land reform after liberation was so insufficient that it is difficult to call it a reform.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 2〉 Land reform is Syngman Rhee’s work.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 3〉 Korea's high economic growth is thanks to Park Chung-hee's leadership. \u003cbr\u003e〈Myth 4〉 Park Chung-hee’s development of Gangnam originated from patriotism.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 5〉 The Roh Moo-hyun administration’s real estate policy failed.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 6〉 The Moon Jae-in administration has been working to fundamentally resolve the real estate problem.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 7〉 The Moon Jae-in government’s real estate policy is a reprint of the participatory government’s policy.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 8〉 The concept of public land is unconstitutional or socialist.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Myth 9〉 Strengthening the property tax is impossible to implement due to strong tax resistance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Next, through the main text and epilogue, we will explain in detail how the above myths are false, based on specific evidence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 1〉 The land reform was so successful that the proportion of owner-farmers after the reform was higher than in Japan.\u003cbr\u003e It is also significant in that it removed obstacles to economic growth by dismantling the landlord system.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 2〉 Syngman Rhee’s purpose in promoting land reform was entirely political. \u003cbr\u003eHe once even ordered the suspension of land reform.\u003cbr\u003e The protagonists of the land reform were the first Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Cho Bong-am, officials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and the young members of the National Assembly.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 3〉 Korea is famous for achieving fair and high growth, and the driving force behind this came from the equality achieved through land reform.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 4〉 Park Chung-hee pushed for the development of Gangnam to secure land for the Gyeongbu Expressway and raise political funds.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 5〉 The Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy was a monumental achievement that raised the level of Korean real estate policy to a new level.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 6〉 Strangely enough, the Moon Jae-in administration has been avoiding strengthening the property tax, which is a fundamental real estate policy, and has focused on short-term market regulation and housing welfare.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 7〉 While the Roh Moo-hyun administration engaged in a head-on confrontation with the myth of invincibility in real estate, the Moon Jae-in administration is merely managing it, so there is not much similarity between the two administrations. \u003cbr\u003e〈Truth 8〉 The current constitution has a provision on the concept of public land.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, the land public concept policy is pro-constitutional.\u003cbr\u003e Furthermore, the concept of public land creates a society in which people are rewarded for their efforts by blocking and recovering unearned income.\u003cbr\u003e This is not socialism, this is true capitalism.\u003cbr\u003e 〈Truth 9〉 Strengthening the property tax will be met with tax resistance, but this can be easily overcome by combining it with basic income or by promoting national reconstruction projects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eHow was land reform possible?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Some people still shake their heads at the fact that Korean society once achieved \"fair land reform.\"\u003cbr\u003e There are also forces that question the communist activities of Cho Bong-am, the first Minister of Agriculture and Forestry during the Syngman Rhee administration, and try to disguise Cho Bong-am's achievements as Syngman Rhee's work.\u003cbr\u003e But this is nothing more than an absurd statement that distorts clear historical facts. \u003cbr\u003eHow was land reform, a major event that realized equal land rights in our society, possible?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Korean farmers, who had suffered from extreme exploitation during the Japanese colonial period and were liberated, believed that the day had come when they could be free from the oppression and exploitation of landlords, produce with peace of mind, freely dispose of their harvests, and live without worrying about food.\u003cbr\u003e In such a social atmosphere, the issue of land reform immediately after liberation inevitably emerged as a major socioeconomic issue that no political force, regardless of left or right, could ignore.\u003cbr\u003e Over the years, much research has been accumulated on Korea's land reform. Professor Jeon Kang-su synthesizes these findings and argues that the following factors combined and worked simultaneously to achieve this.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e First, the role of the United States.\u003cbr\u003e The United States wanted to make South Korea a bastion of anti-communism, and so it did everything it could to prevent the spread of communist forces. \u003cbr\u003eLand reform was part of this U.S. policy toward the Korean Peninsula.\u003cbr\u003e In fact, the United States made it impossible to reverse the flow of land reform by selling off the lands under its military government to the general public, and even after the Korean government took office, it strongly demanded land reform through various channels.\u003cbr\u003e Second, Syngman Rhee's political strategy.\u003cbr\u003e Syngman Rhee basically complied with the American position and sought to gain the support of the peasants by weakening the power of the landlords.\u003cbr\u003e That is why Syngman Rhee, who was an extreme right-wing conservative, was active in radical reform measures such as land reform.\u003cbr\u003e Third, there is a strong demand from the farmers.\u003cbr\u003e Farmers who had been extorted from landlords at high rents during the Japanese colonial period strongly demanded the abolition of the colonial landlord system and the implementation of land reform after liberation.\u003cbr\u003e The process of nation-building could not proceed smoothly without ignoring their demands.\u003cbr\u003e Fourth, the impact of North Korea's land reform. \u003cbr\u003eNorth Korea implemented land reform, focusing on unpaid confiscation and unpaid distribution, within a month in March 1946.\u003cbr\u003e If the South Korean government did not implement land reform, there was a risk that South Korean farmers' hearts would turn toward North Korea and communism.\u003cbr\u003e Against this backdrop, Korea was finally able to achieve tremendous reforms that transformed the long-standing \"country of large landowners\" into a \"country of small farmers,\" a miracle brought about by the circumstances of the times.\u003cbr\u003e The author further adds that he believes that land reform played a significant role in the high level of educational enthusiasm that is unique to Koreans and is recognized worldwide.\u003cbr\u003e With basic equality achieved through land reform, the majority of the people began to stake their lives on education for a better future. However, as corruption spread throughout society, leading to increasingly unequal and unfair conditions, wouldn't they have no choice but to rely on education even more? \u003cbr\u003eAs the author says, this is “an interesting topic that requires empirical research.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eEqual rights are not socialist reforms.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e There are three countries that achieved equal land rights through land reform after World War II.\u003cbr\u003e They are Taiwan, Korea, and Japan.\u003cbr\u003e These three countries achieved high long-term economic growth rates by implementing land reforms based on paid confiscation and paid distribution.\u003cbr\u003e In contrast, several Central and South American countries that failed to reform their land monopolies despite their severe land monopolies, such as Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, Paraguay, and Guatemala, have extremely low long-term economic growth rates (see Figure 1 on page 20).\u003cbr\u003e As such, there is a clear correlation between the land distribution status of each country and its subsequent long-term economic growth rate.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWhen discussing \"equal land rights,\" which states that all members of a society have equal rights to land because land is a \"natural resource\" that is given for free, some people first think of socialist land reform.\u003cbr\u003e However, while equal land rights recognize the market economy and exclusive use of land, socialist land reform denies both and ultimately aims for nationalization and collective use of land, so the two are completely different in nature.\u003cbr\u003e In fact, after World War II, several Eastern European countries implemented land reforms, including the free confiscation and free distribution of land as part of the people's democratic revolution, as a means of achieving equal land rights. However, the fact that they subsequently pursued agricultural collectivization policies and ended up establishing a socialist land sharing system that was completely inconsistent with the ideal of equal land rights proves this.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe real estate speculation frenzy that heated up our society last year has heightened social interest in the concept of 'land public ownership.'\u003cbr\u003e The founder of the concept of public land is Henry George, and in 1987, fueled by the fervor of the democratization movement, our country incorporated a provision on the concept of public land into the Constitution to prevent the concentration of land ownership and unearned income from land.\u003cbr\u003e Unfortunately, this fact is not yet widely known to the public.\u003cbr\u003e In any case, the concept of land public ownership, which is stipulated in the current Korean Constitution and also included in the constitutional amendment proposed by President Moon Jae-in in 2018 but failed, was introduced more than 30 years later than in Taiwan, and its content is abstract and ambiguous, making it difficult to properly implement the law containing its spirit when enacting it.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, laws that embody the spirit of the concept of land public ownership have always had to suffer from criticism that they are unconstitutional.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eHowever, considering that the current Constitution has already expired in many ways and the need for constitutional amendment is inevitably increasing day by day, and that the \"Candlelight Government\" is tasked with carrying out fundamental social reforms so that the majority of ordinary citizens can live without worrying about housing prices or rent, the Moon Jae-in administration should, from now on, more actively promote the concept of land public ownership and make every effort to realize a more advanced equal land rights society than before.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eIt's time to re-establish our fundamental philosophy on real estate.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWhat are the reasons why policies to block and recover unearned income from real estate have failed to be properly implemented in Korea? The author cites the fact that, in the decades since land reform, a class of real estate tycoons and construction magnates have emerged, desperately seeking unearned income from real estate. Conservative media, economic bureaucrats, and market-oriented scholars have colluded with these individuals to forge a powerful coalition that dominates the real estate republic.\u003cbr\u003e He then points out that “the middle class and working class who barely make ends meet, owning only one house and sending their children to school, felt a sense of kinship with this ruling alliance simply because they owned real estate and faithfully played the role of supporters,” and he points out that the anti-comprehensive real estate tax movement during the Roh Moo-hyun administration was a representative example of the middle class and working class who owned real estate sympathizing with the tax resistance of the ruling alliance of the real estate republic.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe information about real estate taxes introduced in an investigative journalism program in October 2018 was shocking in itself.\u003cbr\u003e It was a comparison of the taxes of a person who owns an apartment in Mokdong with a assessed value of 1.2 billion won and a rental business owner who owns 100 small houses in Gayang-dong with a total assessed value of 27 billion won.\u003cbr\u003e The only people who weren't shocked by the fact that while a single-home owner in Mokdong pays 300,000 won in property tax per year, 29 million won in capital gains tax if selling after 10 years of ownership, and 750,000 won in comprehensive real estate tax, the owner of 100 houses in Gayang-dong pays no taxes at all due to exemption from property tax, capital gains tax, and comprehensive real estate tax were probably unearned income earners like the landlord.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn order to rectify the shocking reality where phrases like \"building owner above the creator\" and \"water owner\" are casually passed around and the number one future hope of the growing generation is to be a \"building owner,\" we must approach real estate from the perspective of housing rights and usage rights, not ownership as a tool for generating unearned income. In addition, fundamental institutional reform must be carried out on a social atmosphere that looks down on excessive unearned income earners.\u003cbr\u003e Wouldn't it be possible to call a society a \"just society\" only when people who work hard and sweat prosper?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Professor Jeon Kang-su states that there are three ways to realize the ideal of equal rights in a capitalist society. \u003cbr\u003eThere are three ways to achieve this: a method of equally distributing the land itself, expanding public land and leasing it to the private sector to collect rent (land public lease system), and a method of maintaining the land ownership system but increasing land holding taxes to recover unearned income from land (land value tax system).\u003cbr\u003e The problem is that policymakers, while aware of this fact, are turning a blind eye to fundamental reforms, perhaps because they are unable to overcome the 'inheritance tax trauma' of the Roh Moo-hyun administration.\u003cbr\u003e But there is still hope.\u003cbr\u003e First of all, the citizens of that time and the 'candlelight citizens' of today are very different.\u003cbr\u003e And the majority of the \"candlelight citizens\" earnestly hope that the Moon Jae-in administration will achieve clear-cutting of deep-rooted evils and social reform, no less than improving inter-Korean relations and establishing peace on the Korean Peninsula.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eA fundamental solution to the real estate problem revealed by the proponent of a \"basic income-linked land holding tax.\"\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eProfessor Jeon Kang-soo was one of the key figures in creating the three-part pledge that Gyeonggi Province Governor Lee Jae-myung made when he ran as the Democratic Party of Korea's presidential candidate in the last election: a land holding tax, basic income, and local gift certificates.\u003cbr\u003e What is interesting, however, is that he revealed that the reason he actively supported candidate Lee Jae-myung was because he did not think there was any chance that he would become the Democratic Party's presidential candidate.\u003cbr\u003e The reason he supported this candidate to the end, enduring many twists and turns and difficult processes, was because of the desperation of the opportunity to freely express his opinions through a 'large speaker'.\u003cbr\u003e And this is precisely what differentiates Professor Jeon Kang-su from some unscrupulous 'polyprofessors' who have forgotten their duty as scholars.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWhile this former professor asserts that the Roh Moo-hyun administration's real estate policy was monumental, he also does not forget to clearly point out the limitations of the comprehensive real estate tax.\u003cbr\u003e Because the comprehensive real estate tax is levied only on a very small number of excessive real estate owners, there is little room for tax increases, making it an inappropriate means of meaningfully promoting stronger property taxes.\u003cbr\u003e It is also easy to provoke fierce tax resistance from a small number of cohesive groups.\u003cbr\u003e There are also serious issues of equity.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, Professor Jeon argues that a land holding tax should be introduced instead of a comprehensive real estate tax to compensate for this.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e [The land holding tax], unlike the comprehensive real estate tax, is levied only on land, and is levied on all landowners, not just a very small number of excessive real estate owners.\u003cbr\u003e The reason buildings are not taxed is because the property tax on buildings creates inefficiencies that discourage construction activities. \u003cbr\u003eYou may be concerned about the issue of tax resistance, but that will be resolved by distributing the net increase in land holding tax revenue to all citizens as a land dividend, with each citizen receiving 1\/n of the increase.\u003cbr\u003e The land holding tax abolishes the differential taxation by purpose, which is pointed out as a fundamental problem with the current holding tax system, and imposes a progressive tax by adding up all land by person.\u003cbr\u003e (Page 232)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Land dividends paid as a net increase in land holding tax revenues can be combined with other basic incomes, such as life cycle dividends or special dividends.\u003cbr\u003e In that case, the proportion of households with net benefits will increase and the amount of benefits will also increase.\u003cbr\u003e Moreover, if all basic income, including land dividends, is paid in local currency, it could serve as a catalyst for revitalizing the local economy.\u003cbr\u003e (syncopation)\u003cbr\u003e Let's consider the expected socioeconomic effects of introducing a land holding tax in combination with basic income.\u003cbr\u003e The introduction of a land holding tax is a direct hit to the real estate republic and real estate privileges. \u003cbr\u003eWhen this tax reaches the point where it can take full effect, the rent-seeking tendency that is currently prevalent in our society will decrease, and the productive economy will be activated to that extent.\u003cbr\u003e People who own land for speculative purposes sell more land than they need, thus alleviating land ownership inequality.\u003cbr\u003e Since the late 2000s, conglomerates and large corporations that have been focusing on land acquisition are also turning their attention to productive investment while disposing of excess land.\u003cbr\u003e As real estate ownership inequality is reduced, income inequality will naturally decrease.\u003cbr\u003e Moreover, the downward stabilization of land and real estate prices also leads to a decline in housing and business start-up costs.\u003cbr\u003e This will increase the likelihood that companies that have moved overseas due to high wage burdens and land costs will return.\u003cbr\u003e If all citizens receive land dividends, there will be a great change in the people's sense of sovereignty.\u003cbr\u003e The consciousness that one is the real owner of a democratic republic arises. \u003cbr\u003eWhat do you think? Isn't this truly a remarkable transformation? (pp. 236-237)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In addition, the author proposes establishing and implementing the first principle of the tax system: 'Taxation should be given priority to those with privileged interests.'\u003cbr\u003e In addition to the introduction of a land holding tax, other policy tools that can be mobilized include increasing corporate taxes on conglomerates and large corporations, raising the top rate of the progressive income tax, raising the top rate of the inheritance tax and gift tax, and normalizing natural resource usage fees and environmental pollution taxes.\u003cbr\u003e All of this presupposes a process of social consensus and consensus among members, and must be preceded by more detailed policy development.\u003cbr\u003e There is no magic bullet that can solve chronic social problems that have accumulated over decades, and no policy can satisfy all citizens. \u003cbr\u003eHowever, only by developing, proposing, and widely publicizing policies for the majority of the democratic republic's members, experts and policymakers from various fields can we pioneer a better future based on social compromise.\u003cbr\u003e Isn't it clear what choices we must make to address serious social inequalities and ensure the well-being of future generations? \u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e GOODS SPECIFICS \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eDate of issue:\u003c\/strong\u003e January 21, 2019\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003ePage count, weight, size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 304 pages | 438g | 150*220*30mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9791187700289\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1187700282 \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43893982036010,"sku":"106019","price":26.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0683\/2750\/5962\/files\/2196e47f094375ae2208e61b11d6fa03.jpg?v=1765427914","url":"https:\/\/librairie.coreenne.fr\/en\/products\/106019","provider":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}