In the chaotic times following the division of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, medieval monasteries played a vital role in preserving ancient cultures, including art and science, and in passing down agricultural techniques, such as orchards and horticulture, and in gardening.
The monks' profound thoughts about nature were influenced by the images of ancient paradise.
He devoted himself to cultivating his garden, and even in seclusion, he cultivated his religious discipline with the earthly hope of finding the lost Promised Land.
The walls surrounding the monastery were a boundary between domesticated plants and wild nature, between order and chaos.
The cultivated land within the walls was used for various purposes, such as vegetable gardens, herb gardens, and orchards.
--- p.30 From “The Garden of the Monastery”

An inscription carved into the garden reveals the date 1552 when the garden was first created and who owned it.
The inscription, “Solo per sfogar il core”, indicates that the purpose of creating the garden was to express one’s inner world.
This is a kind of garden of wonders, and among the many sights, the stone structures are the most striking.
There are various stone carvings placed in the chaotic nature, including giants wrestling in the midst of nature, a river god, a sea god, Ceres the goddess of grain, Pegasus the winged white horse, as well as elephants, dolphins, a turtle carrying a female on its back, Cerberus the dog guarding the underworld, and three goddesses of vengeance.
Scholars sometimes view the area where this garden is located as a supernatural place.

---- p.76 From "The Garden of Bomarzo"

Rococo gardens favor asymmetrical forms with deliberate disorder, carefully arranged to encourage leisure and play in intimate, intimate spaces.
Thus, the garden was separated from the surrounding landscape and returned to its introverted character, regaining a comfortable atmosphere for contemplation and inner pleasure.

---- p.115 From “Rococo Garden”

Monet adjusted the poses in his garden every day as if he were meeting figures posing for him.
In the garden, it seemed possible to describe countless places where each season and each moment of the day continued.
The old artist tried to bring out the charm and poetic feeling of each landscape through his excellent use of color.
Water lilies became Monet's most captivating subject, a passion that lasted until his death from cataracts.

----- p.378 From "Monet's Garden at Giverny"

The painting of the Virgin in the Closed Garden gradually took shape in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Classical paintings of the Virgin, including her main attributes, the baby Jesus and angels playing musical instruments, are varied.
One such painting is The Mysterious Hunt, in which Mary's garden is depicted as a unicorn's haven.
The Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is often depicted as taking place in a garden.
Another variation depicts the Virgin with the baby Jesus in the porch, with the garden acting as a 'middle ground' between the sacred scene and the surrounding cityscape.
Here the themes of closed space and formal garden seem to be combined.

---- p.397 From “The Garden of the Virgin Mary”