Thoughts about thoughts
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Description
Book Introduction
The Bible of Behavioral Economics, Overturning the 300-Year Framework of Traditional Economics
A monumental work by Daniel Kahneman, the founder of behavioral economics, the first psychologist to win the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002, and the world's seventh most influential economist (selected by The Economist, 2015).
The latest edition features enhanced translation and editing, presenting the theories and research findings of world-renowned scholars in a more engaging and faithful manner.
In addition, we included a recommendation from Professor Seo-won Ahn of Seoul National University of Science and Technology, who first introduced Kahneman and his theories to Korea, to provide a concise overview of the birth of behavioral economics and to highlight the significance of Thinking, Fast and Slow.
Daniel Kahneman's original ideas, which blur the lines between psychology and economics, are unveiled.
Readers of this book will encounter a multitude of puzzles, ranging from simple multiplication problems to picture and geometry problems, and complex problems involving difficult murder cases and big-city taxi hit-and-run incidents.
If possible, take your time and think about them one by one.
These fun and engaging quizzes are all the starting point for research that forms the foundation of great social science theories.
Let go of the burden of challenging the research findings of a leading scholar and read it carefully.
The unfamiliar terms and concepts of 'System 1' and 'System 2' will become familiar, and you will realize which of the two selves that used to play separately in one body you favored.
In this way, you will have a desire to improve and strive to form a more desirable self.
"Thoughts, Concerning Thoughts" is ultimately about thoughts that promote human happiness and enrich our lives.
A monumental work by Daniel Kahneman, the founder of behavioral economics, the first psychologist to win the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002, and the world's seventh most influential economist (selected by The Economist, 2015).
The latest edition features enhanced translation and editing, presenting the theories and research findings of world-renowned scholars in a more engaging and faithful manner.
In addition, we included a recommendation from Professor Seo-won Ahn of Seoul National University of Science and Technology, who first introduced Kahneman and his theories to Korea, to provide a concise overview of the birth of behavioral economics and to highlight the significance of Thinking, Fast and Slow.
Daniel Kahneman's original ideas, which blur the lines between psychology and economics, are unveiled.
Readers of this book will encounter a multitude of puzzles, ranging from simple multiplication problems to picture and geometry problems, and complex problems involving difficult murder cases and big-city taxi hit-and-run incidents.
If possible, take your time and think about them one by one.
These fun and engaging quizzes are all the starting point for research that forms the foundation of great social science theories.
Let go of the burden of challenging the research findings of a leading scholar and read it carefully.
The unfamiliar terms and concepts of 'System 1' and 'System 2' will become familiar, and you will realize which of the two selves that used to play separately in one body you favored.
In this way, you will have a desire to improve and strive to form a more desirable self.
"Thoughts, Concerning Thoughts" is ultimately about thoughts that promote human happiness and enrich our lives.
- You can preview some of the book's contents.
Preview
index
Recommendation
preface
Part 1 Two Systems
1.
Characters
2.
Attention and effort
3.
lazy controller
4.
Associative action
5.
cognitive comfort
6.
Normal, Surprise, Cause
7.
jumping to conclusions
8.
The process by which judgments are made
9.
Answer easier questions
Part 2: Guesswork and Bias
10.
Law of Minorities
11.
anchoring effect
12.
The Science of Ease of Recall
13.
Ease of recall, emotions, and potential risks
14.
Tom W's major
15.
Linda: Less is more
16.
Causality trumps statistics
17.
mean regression
18.
Taming intuitive predictions
Part 3 Overconfidence
19.
Misunderstanding
20.
Illusion of validity
21.
Intuition vs. Formula
22.
Expert Intuition: When to Trust?
23.
outside perspective
24.
The driving force of capitalism
Part 4 selection
25.
Bernoulli error
26.
prospect theory
27.
Endowment effect
28.
bad incident
29.
Four-branch type
30.
rare event
31.
Risk Management Policy
32.
psychological account
33.
reversal
34.
Frames and facts
Part 5: Two Selves
35.
Two selves
36.
Life as a Story
37.
Perceived happiness
38.
When I look back on my life
conclusion
Appendix A: Judgment in Uncertain Situations
Appendix B: Selection, Values, and Framing
main
Acknowledgements
Search
preface
Part 1 Two Systems
1.
Characters
2.
Attention and effort
3.
lazy controller
4.
Associative action
5.
cognitive comfort
6.
Normal, Surprise, Cause
7.
jumping to conclusions
8.
The process by which judgments are made
9.
Answer easier questions
Part 2: Guesswork and Bias
10.
Law of Minorities
11.
anchoring effect
12.
The Science of Ease of Recall
13.
Ease of recall, emotions, and potential risks
14.
Tom W's major
15.
Linda: Less is more
16.
Causality trumps statistics
17.
mean regression
18.
Taming intuitive predictions
Part 3 Overconfidence
19.
Misunderstanding
20.
Illusion of validity
21.
Intuition vs. Formula
22.
Expert Intuition: When to Trust?
23.
outside perspective
24.
The driving force of capitalism
Part 4 selection
25.
Bernoulli error
26.
prospect theory
27.
Endowment effect
28.
bad incident
29.
Four-branch type
30.
rare event
31.
Risk Management Policy
32.
psychological account
33.
reversal
34.
Frames and facts
Part 5: Two Selves
35.
Two selves
36.
Life as a Story
37.
Perceived happiness
38.
When I look back on my life
conclusion
Appendix A: Judgment in Uncertain Situations
Appendix B: Selection, Values, and Framing
main
Acknowledgements
Search
Into the book
To observe what happens unconsciously in our heads, look at the picture below.
As we look at this woman's face, we seamlessly connect what we commonly call "seeing" with "intuitive thinking."
Just as you can tell a woman's hair is black the moment you see her picture, you can also tell instantly that she is angry.
Moreover, extending what she has just seen into the future, the woman senses that she will soon be spewing harsh words, probably in a loud and unpleasant voice.
He had a premonition of the woman's next move without any effort.
I had no intention of guessing the woman's mood or predicting her next move, and looking at the photo, I didn't feel like I was doing any such guessing or predicting.
It just happened that way.
This is an example of thinking quickly.
Chapter 1 Characters, pages 36-37
Since this phenomenon is so common and important in our daily lives, it would be a good idea to know its name.
This is the 'anchor effect'.
This phenomenon occurs when a specific value comes to mind before estimating an unknown quantity.
This is a very reliable and powerful phenomenon in experimental psychology, where people use the value that comes to mind as a reference point and then estimate a number close to that value.
As if the ship
It is similar to dropping an anchor and mooring it there, and in English it is called 'anchoring', which means 'to anchor'.
When asked whether Gandhi died at the age of 114, people predict a much higher age than when asked whether he died at the age of 35.
Even when thinking about how much a house would cost, it is influenced by the price given in the question.
Even the same house appears more valuable when the listed price is high than when it is low.
It's no use deciding not to be influenced by such numbers.
There are endless examples of the anchor effect.
This phenomenon inevitably occurs whenever we are asked to predict a number and think about the answer.
Chapter 11: The Reference Point Effect, page 184
To assess the current situation, imagine that the evaluation of a company's CEO was left to professional managers, such as, say, the CEOs of other companies.
They know very well whether the company has been performing well or poorly recently.
As we saw in the Google case earlier, this knowledge creates a halo effect.
CEOs of high-performing companies are often described as flexible, systematic, and decisive.
But let's say a year passes and the company's situation worsens.
The same CEO is now described as being indecisive, old-fashioned, and authoritarian.
Both assessments sound valid at the moment.
Wouldn't it be absurd to call a successful leader old-fashioned or indecisive, or to call a struggling leader flexible or systematic?
The halo effect is so powerful that it's hard to admit to ourselves that we perceive the same people or behaviors as systematic when things are going well and as old-fashioned when things are going badly.
Because of the halo effect, we tend to interpret causality backwards, making it easy to believe that the company failed because the CEO was old-fashioned, when in fact it was the CEO who failed that caused the company to fail.
Understanding
That's how it happens.
Chapter 19: Understanding Misconceptions, p. 310
Problem 5: You are offered a coin toss gamble.
If the coin lands on tails, you lose $100.
If the coin lands on heads, you win $150.
Is this gamble worth it? Should you take it?
To make a choice here, you have to compare the psychological benefit of winning $150 with the psychological cost of losing $100.
How does it feel? The expected value of gambling is clearly positive, as the potential gain is greater than the potential loss. However, almost no one takes this gamble.
Refusing this gamble is a System 2 function, but critical emotions come from System 1.
Most people
The fear of losing $100 is greater than the hope of winning $150.
After observing this phenomenon several times, we concluded that people tend to be "loss averse" because "losses seem bigger than gains."
Chapter 26 Prospect Theory, p. 419
A short story I heard from an audience member after my lecture illustrates the difficulty of distinguishing between memory and experience.
He had a record on and was listening intently to a long symphony, but towards the end of the piece, a scratch on the record caused a startling noise that “ruined the whole experience.”
But in fact, it didn't ruin the appreciation, it just ruined the memory of the appreciation.
The appreciating self, the experiencing self, has had a good experience by the time they finish listening to the song, and that experience cannot be canceled just because the ending is not good.
It's already happened.
The person who asked me the question said that the ending was bad and ruined the entire experience, but that's an assessment that ignores the 40 minutes of bliss I had listening to the music.
Are real-world experiences really of any use?
Confusing an experience with its memory is a good example of a cognitive illusion, where people think they have ruined a past experience because they replace it with a memory.
The experiencing self has no say.
The remembering self is sometimes absurd, but it is the self that keeps track of life's scores, governs life's lessons, and makes decisions.
The lessons we learn from the past maximize the quality of our future memories, but there's no guarantee that they will also maximize the quality of our future experiences.
In a word, it is the tyranny of the remembering self.
Chapter 35: The Two Selves, p. 557
As we look at this woman's face, we seamlessly connect what we commonly call "seeing" with "intuitive thinking."
Just as you can tell a woman's hair is black the moment you see her picture, you can also tell instantly that she is angry.
Moreover, extending what she has just seen into the future, the woman senses that she will soon be spewing harsh words, probably in a loud and unpleasant voice.
He had a premonition of the woman's next move without any effort.
I had no intention of guessing the woman's mood or predicting her next move, and looking at the photo, I didn't feel like I was doing any such guessing or predicting.
It just happened that way.
This is an example of thinking quickly.
Chapter 1 Characters, pages 36-37
Since this phenomenon is so common and important in our daily lives, it would be a good idea to know its name.
This is the 'anchor effect'.
This phenomenon occurs when a specific value comes to mind before estimating an unknown quantity.
This is a very reliable and powerful phenomenon in experimental psychology, where people use the value that comes to mind as a reference point and then estimate a number close to that value.
As if the ship
It is similar to dropping an anchor and mooring it there, and in English it is called 'anchoring', which means 'to anchor'.
When asked whether Gandhi died at the age of 114, people predict a much higher age than when asked whether he died at the age of 35.
Even when thinking about how much a house would cost, it is influenced by the price given in the question.
Even the same house appears more valuable when the listed price is high than when it is low.
It's no use deciding not to be influenced by such numbers.
There are endless examples of the anchor effect.
This phenomenon inevitably occurs whenever we are asked to predict a number and think about the answer.
Chapter 11: The Reference Point Effect, page 184
To assess the current situation, imagine that the evaluation of a company's CEO was left to professional managers, such as, say, the CEOs of other companies.
They know very well whether the company has been performing well or poorly recently.
As we saw in the Google case earlier, this knowledge creates a halo effect.
CEOs of high-performing companies are often described as flexible, systematic, and decisive.
But let's say a year passes and the company's situation worsens.
The same CEO is now described as being indecisive, old-fashioned, and authoritarian.
Both assessments sound valid at the moment.
Wouldn't it be absurd to call a successful leader old-fashioned or indecisive, or to call a struggling leader flexible or systematic?
The halo effect is so powerful that it's hard to admit to ourselves that we perceive the same people or behaviors as systematic when things are going well and as old-fashioned when things are going badly.
Because of the halo effect, we tend to interpret causality backwards, making it easy to believe that the company failed because the CEO was old-fashioned, when in fact it was the CEO who failed that caused the company to fail.
Understanding
That's how it happens.
Chapter 19: Understanding Misconceptions, p. 310
Problem 5: You are offered a coin toss gamble.
If the coin lands on tails, you lose $100.
If the coin lands on heads, you win $150.
Is this gamble worth it? Should you take it?
To make a choice here, you have to compare the psychological benefit of winning $150 with the psychological cost of losing $100.
How does it feel? The expected value of gambling is clearly positive, as the potential gain is greater than the potential loss. However, almost no one takes this gamble.
Refusing this gamble is a System 2 function, but critical emotions come from System 1.
Most people
The fear of losing $100 is greater than the hope of winning $150.
After observing this phenomenon several times, we concluded that people tend to be "loss averse" because "losses seem bigger than gains."
Chapter 26 Prospect Theory, p. 419
A short story I heard from an audience member after my lecture illustrates the difficulty of distinguishing between memory and experience.
He had a record on and was listening intently to a long symphony, but towards the end of the piece, a scratch on the record caused a startling noise that “ruined the whole experience.”
But in fact, it didn't ruin the appreciation, it just ruined the memory of the appreciation.
The appreciating self, the experiencing self, has had a good experience by the time they finish listening to the song, and that experience cannot be canceled just because the ending is not good.
It's already happened.
The person who asked me the question said that the ending was bad and ruined the entire experience, but that's an assessment that ignores the 40 minutes of bliss I had listening to the music.
Are real-world experiences really of any use?
Confusing an experience with its memory is a good example of a cognitive illusion, where people think they have ruined a past experience because they replace it with a memory.
The experiencing self has no say.
The remembering self is sometimes absurd, but it is the self that keeps track of life's scores, governs life's lessons, and makes decisions.
The lessons we learn from the past maximize the quality of our future memories, but there's no guarantee that they will also maximize the quality of our future experiences.
In a word, it is the tyranny of the remembering self.
Chapter 35: The Two Selves, p. 557
---From the text
Publisher's Review
“This book is a classic, on par with Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations and Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams!”_Nassim Taleb
Behavioral economics is a new concept in economics, but its roots lie in psychology.
In behavioral economics, which defines humans as the subjects of economic and social activities, the most important things are humans as individuals, their behavior, and the 'thoughts' that control and guide that behavior.
Kahneman has been conducting ongoing collaboration and research with Amos Tversky since 1969.
Their papers and research brought a fresh shock and excitement to the academic world every time they were published.
The two scholars, who had a huge impact on the social sciences by publishing a paper arguing that "human thinking is vulnerable to systematic errors," finally published a theory of choice that became the foundation of behavioral economics in 1979 with a paper titled "Prospect Theory: Decision Analysis in Risky Situations."
This theory of 'judgment and decision-making' gave birth to behavioral economics, and Kahneman received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002.
And while countless behavioral economics books have been flooding bookstores like a fad, there hasn't been a book by the founder.
After a long wait, the father of behavioral economics finally unveiled his work, and the publication of his first popular book garnered attention and rave reviews from the political, economic, social, and scientific communities.
That book is 『Thoughts on Thought』(published by Kim Young-sa).
In this book, Kahneman divides all human behavior and life, that is, thoughts, which are the basis of life, into two major categories.
These are ‘fast thinking’, which means intuition, and ‘slow thinking’, which means reason.
Thinking fast is a completely automatic mental activity of concepts and memories, such as the animalistic reflexes of avoiding an oncoming car, the correct answer to 2+2, or recalling the capital of France.
On the other hand, 'slow thinking' is a way of thinking that involves carefully considering and working on the answer to a problem that does not immediately come to mind, such as an expert's solution or the correct answer to 354?687.
This difference between fast and slow thinking has been a frequent topic of study by numerous psychologists for the past 25 years.
Daniel Kahneman vividly explains the interesting human mental life using the metaphor of two entities that cause fast and slow thinking, 'System 1' and 'System 2'.
Our intuitive System 1 has a greater influence than experience suggests, and it secretly controls many of the choices and decisions we make.
The book deals with the workings of System 1 and the interplay between System 1 and System 2 in a fascinating way, almost like a two-character psychodrama.
The first popular book by Daniel Kahneman, the founder of behavioral economics who overturned the 300-year-old framework of traditional economics!
This book, which may seem difficult at first glance, is divided into five parts.
Part 1 presents the basic principles of how the two systems influence judgment and choice.
It explains the difference between the automatic activities of System 1 and the controlled activities of System 2 and shows why 'associative memory', the core of System 1, continues to consistently explain what happens to us.
Part 2 presents the latest research on judgmental heuristics.
Explores the question, 'Why is it so difficult to think statistically?'
We are good at associating, thinking metaphorically, and considering cause-and-effect relationships, but statistical thinking requires thinking about many things at once and is a far cry from System 1.
The theme of Part 3 is the difficulty of statistical thinking.
Here we deal with the bewildering limitations of the mind.
We are overconfident in our beliefs and refuse to acknowledge how ignorant we are and how uncertain the world we live in is.
In doing so, we overestimate our ability to understand the world and underestimate the role of chance in certain events.
In Part 4, we will examine what economics says about the nature of decisions and the assumption that economic agents are rational.
Here, we introduce the core concepts of prospect theory, a choice model published by Amos and Kahneman in 1979, from a contemporary perspective based on the two-system model.
Next, we deal with various human choices that deviate from the rules of rationality.
Here we explain the unfortunate tendency to consider problems in isolation, and the framing effect, whereby decisions are influenced by trivial features of choice problems.
This phenomenon, which can be fully explained by the characteristics of System 1, directly challenges the rationality advocated by conventional economics.
Part 5 introduces the difference between two selves: the 'experiencing self' and the 'remembering self'.
For example, we may go on a trip to satisfy our 'experiencing self', but instead of doing anything truly fun, we may end up only taking pictures, thus satisfying only our 'remembering self'.
We are naturally guided by our remembering self when choosing what to recall in the future.
At this time, one exposes one's experiential self to unnecessary suffering.
These two selves also apply to measuring our 'happiness'.
How two different selves in one body pursue happiness raises profound questions for a society that aims to prioritize not only individual but also public happiness.
A modern classic that opened new horizons in anthropology, the bible of behavioral economics and cognitive psychology!
In the 21st century, references and assertions about human limitations and imperfections have become more prominent in various academic fields.
Books are being introduced that sharply point out the human tendency to overestimate one's own abilities and underestimate the surrounding environment and luck, and introduce ways of thinking and behavior that can compensate for these weaknesses.
And the underlying principles of all these claims and writings are based on Kahneman's extensive research findings, which are explained in this book.
“If Adam Smith is the father of classical economics, then Daniel Kahneman is the godfather of modern economics!” This is a masterpiece by a living master, a unique intellectual who has been highly praised by the media, but don’t be too intimidated when approaching him.
It may not be easy, but it is not a book so difficult or complex that it is inaccessible.
Readers of this book will encounter a multitude of puzzles, ranging from simple multiplication problems to picture and geometry problems, and complex problems involving difficult murder cases and big-city taxi hit-and-run incidents.
If possible, take your time and think about them one by one.
These fun and engaging quizzes are all the starting point for research that forms the foundation of great social science theories.
Let go of the burden of challenging the research findings of a leading scholar and read it carefully.
The unfamiliar terms and concepts of 'System 1' and 'System 2' will become familiar, and you will realize which of the two selves that used to play separately in one body you favored.
In this way, you will have a desire to improve and strive to form a more desirable self.
"Thoughts, Concerning Thoughts" is ultimately about thoughts that promote human happiness and enrich our lives.
Behavioral economics is a new concept in economics, but its roots lie in psychology.
In behavioral economics, which defines humans as the subjects of economic and social activities, the most important things are humans as individuals, their behavior, and the 'thoughts' that control and guide that behavior.
Kahneman has been conducting ongoing collaboration and research with Amos Tversky since 1969.
Their papers and research brought a fresh shock and excitement to the academic world every time they were published.
The two scholars, who had a huge impact on the social sciences by publishing a paper arguing that "human thinking is vulnerable to systematic errors," finally published a theory of choice that became the foundation of behavioral economics in 1979 with a paper titled "Prospect Theory: Decision Analysis in Risky Situations."
This theory of 'judgment and decision-making' gave birth to behavioral economics, and Kahneman received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002.
And while countless behavioral economics books have been flooding bookstores like a fad, there hasn't been a book by the founder.
After a long wait, the father of behavioral economics finally unveiled his work, and the publication of his first popular book garnered attention and rave reviews from the political, economic, social, and scientific communities.
That book is 『Thoughts on Thought』(published by Kim Young-sa).
In this book, Kahneman divides all human behavior and life, that is, thoughts, which are the basis of life, into two major categories.
These are ‘fast thinking’, which means intuition, and ‘slow thinking’, which means reason.
Thinking fast is a completely automatic mental activity of concepts and memories, such as the animalistic reflexes of avoiding an oncoming car, the correct answer to 2+2, or recalling the capital of France.
On the other hand, 'slow thinking' is a way of thinking that involves carefully considering and working on the answer to a problem that does not immediately come to mind, such as an expert's solution or the correct answer to 354?687.
This difference between fast and slow thinking has been a frequent topic of study by numerous psychologists for the past 25 years.
Daniel Kahneman vividly explains the interesting human mental life using the metaphor of two entities that cause fast and slow thinking, 'System 1' and 'System 2'.
Our intuitive System 1 has a greater influence than experience suggests, and it secretly controls many of the choices and decisions we make.
The book deals with the workings of System 1 and the interplay between System 1 and System 2 in a fascinating way, almost like a two-character psychodrama.
The first popular book by Daniel Kahneman, the founder of behavioral economics who overturned the 300-year-old framework of traditional economics!
This book, which may seem difficult at first glance, is divided into five parts.
Part 1 presents the basic principles of how the two systems influence judgment and choice.
It explains the difference between the automatic activities of System 1 and the controlled activities of System 2 and shows why 'associative memory', the core of System 1, continues to consistently explain what happens to us.
Part 2 presents the latest research on judgmental heuristics.
Explores the question, 'Why is it so difficult to think statistically?'
We are good at associating, thinking metaphorically, and considering cause-and-effect relationships, but statistical thinking requires thinking about many things at once and is a far cry from System 1.
The theme of Part 3 is the difficulty of statistical thinking.
Here we deal with the bewildering limitations of the mind.
We are overconfident in our beliefs and refuse to acknowledge how ignorant we are and how uncertain the world we live in is.
In doing so, we overestimate our ability to understand the world and underestimate the role of chance in certain events.
In Part 4, we will examine what economics says about the nature of decisions and the assumption that economic agents are rational.
Here, we introduce the core concepts of prospect theory, a choice model published by Amos and Kahneman in 1979, from a contemporary perspective based on the two-system model.
Next, we deal with various human choices that deviate from the rules of rationality.
Here we explain the unfortunate tendency to consider problems in isolation, and the framing effect, whereby decisions are influenced by trivial features of choice problems.
This phenomenon, which can be fully explained by the characteristics of System 1, directly challenges the rationality advocated by conventional economics.
Part 5 introduces the difference between two selves: the 'experiencing self' and the 'remembering self'.
For example, we may go on a trip to satisfy our 'experiencing self', but instead of doing anything truly fun, we may end up only taking pictures, thus satisfying only our 'remembering self'.
We are naturally guided by our remembering self when choosing what to recall in the future.
At this time, one exposes one's experiential self to unnecessary suffering.
These two selves also apply to measuring our 'happiness'.
How two different selves in one body pursue happiness raises profound questions for a society that aims to prioritize not only individual but also public happiness.
A modern classic that opened new horizons in anthropology, the bible of behavioral economics and cognitive psychology!
In the 21st century, references and assertions about human limitations and imperfections have become more prominent in various academic fields.
Books are being introduced that sharply point out the human tendency to overestimate one's own abilities and underestimate the surrounding environment and luck, and introduce ways of thinking and behavior that can compensate for these weaknesses.
And the underlying principles of all these claims and writings are based on Kahneman's extensive research findings, which are explained in this book.
“If Adam Smith is the father of classical economics, then Daniel Kahneman is the godfather of modern economics!” This is a masterpiece by a living master, a unique intellectual who has been highly praised by the media, but don’t be too intimidated when approaching him.
It may not be easy, but it is not a book so difficult or complex that it is inaccessible.
Readers of this book will encounter a multitude of puzzles, ranging from simple multiplication problems to picture and geometry problems, and complex problems involving difficult murder cases and big-city taxi hit-and-run incidents.
If possible, take your time and think about them one by one.
These fun and engaging quizzes are all the starting point for research that forms the foundation of great social science theories.
Let go of the burden of challenging the research findings of a leading scholar and read it carefully.
The unfamiliar terms and concepts of 'System 1' and 'System 2' will become familiar, and you will realize which of the two selves that used to play separately in one body you favored.
In this way, you will have a desire to improve and strive to form a more desirable self.
"Thoughts, Concerning Thoughts" is ultimately about thoughts that promote human happiness and enrich our lives.
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: March 30, 2018
- Format: Hardcover book binding method guide
- Page count, weight, size: 727 pages | 1,124g | 158*232*52mm
- ISBN13: 9788934981213
- ISBN10: 8934981210
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