{"product_id":"112109","title":"Why Nations Fail ","description":"\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/tmgdisk01.cafe24.com\/images\/vs\/4172\/sv\/WQt5ILQSUMsl6wqCFiVpLV.png?v=1764958278\" style=\"max-width:100%;max-height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center;font-size:30px;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em\"\u003e Why Nations Fail \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-color:;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\u003ctbody style=\"border:0px\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-size:18px;color:black;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/goods\/7745135\/XL\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;{split_style6}padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e Description \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;word-break:break-all;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eBook Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eThe power of 'systems', a decisive factor in the success or failure of a nation!\u003cbr\u003e Starting from the origins of prosperity and poverty, we reach his understanding!\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 'Failed states' suffering from poverty, corruption, illiteracy, and crime.\u003cbr\u003e Why did these failures occur? Drawing on 15 years of research, the authors offer a comprehensive explanation, using interdisciplinary research across time and space, politics, economics, and history, and a more systematic and persuasive development theory focused on institutions.\u003cbr\u003e He is exceptionally capable of expanding the question to include 'why so many countries fail to develop' and 'where do prosperity, poverty, and global inequality originate today?'\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eDrawing on remarkable evidence from across global history—including the Roman Empire, Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the former Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa—the authors uncover the crucial differences that separate failed and successful states.\u003cbr\u003e The authors also suggest that to understand where the differences between poverty and prosperity come from, we need to look closely at the impact of major events, particularly those that upset the balance of power in a society.\u003cbr\u003e These 'critical turning points' are double-edged swords that can drastically change the path a country takes.\u003cbr\u003e These include the Black Death in Europe, the death of Mao Zedong in China, the discovery of the American continent, and the colonization and decolonization that took place around the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The authors arrive at the answer that the decisive factor in determining a nation's success or failure is not geographical, historical, or racial conditions, but rather 'systems.' \u003cbr\u003eA typical example is us, South Korea and North Korea.\u003cbr\u003e The authors explain, with powerful logic and clear development, how these two 'close yet very different countries' show such differences.\u003cbr\u003e At the same time, their new political economic theory answers questions facing the world today.\u003cbr\u003e What determines a country's failure or success is how inclusive its political and economic systems are.\u003cbr\u003e By taking a peek into the process of arriving at that answer, we can change the way we view the world.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e You can preview some of the book's contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePreview\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eindex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e Reviewer's note\u003cbr\u003e Preface to the Korean edition\u003cbr\u003e preface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 1 | Two Cities Close Yet So Different\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA Divided City │ The Building of Buenos Aires │ Spain's Colonial Strategy │ The Resurrection of the Mita │ England's Colonization of North America │ A New Model of Governance │ The U.S. Constitution vs.\u003cbr\u003e The Mexican Constitution │ Ideas and the Patent System │ The Product of Path Dependency │ Two Billionaires Who Followed Different Paths │ Proposing a Theory of Global Inequality\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 2 | Theories That Don't Fit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Poverty, Prosperity, and Growth Patterns │ Geographic Location Hypothesis │ Limitations of Jared Diamond's Theory │ Cultural Factors Hypothesis │ Ignorance Hypothesis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 3 | The Origins of Prosperity and Poverty\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Economics of the 38th Parallel │ Exploitative Economic Systems vs.\u003cbr\u003e Inclusive Economic Systems │ Engines of Prosperity │ Exploitative Political Systems vs.\u003cbr\u003e Inclusive Political Systems │ Why We Don't Always Choose Prosperity │ Congo's Long Ordeal │ Growth Under an Exploitative Political System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 4 | Small Differences and Critical Turning Points\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe World Created by the Plague │ The Formation of Inclusive Institutions │ Small but Important Differences │ The Accidental Path of History │ A Correct Understanding of the Situation │ The Vicious Circle in Africa │ The Situation in 19th-Century Asia │ Colonial Rule of the Ottoman Empire\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 5 | Growth under an exploitative system\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I Saw the Future │ The Limits of an Exploitative System │ Two Tribes on the Kasai River │ The First Agricultural Society │ The Institutional Innovations of the Natufians │ Unstable Exploitation │ The Collapse of the Mayan Civilization │ What Went Wrong\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 6 | Institutional Drift\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Story of Venice as a Museum │ The Closure of Venice │ The Virtues of Rome │ The Limits of Virtue │ The Corruption of Rome │ The Fall of Rome │ The Case of Vindolanda │ The Crossroads │ The Influence of Early Growth\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 7 | Turning Point\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Groundbreaking ideas │ Persistent political conflicts │ Monopoly laws │ Glorious Revolution │ Abolition of monopolies │ Industrial Revolution │ Accelerating technological innovation │ Why England?\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 | Barriers to Development\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e No printing │ Small but important differences │ Concerns about industrialization │ No revolution in Russia │ No shipping │ Prester John's absolutism │ The peculiarities of Somali society │ Persistent backwardness\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 9 | The Regression of Development\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Spice and Genocide │ The Slave Trade That Rocked African Society │ The Consequences of the Slave Trade Ban │ The Reality of a Dual Economy │ Native Land Law │ Backsliding Development\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 10 | The Spread of Prosperity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Australian Way │ Economic Freedom for Prisoners │ The Demand for Representative System │ The French Revolution That Broke Down Barriers │ The Fall of the Estates-General │ The Export of Revolution │ Japan and China Going Different Paths │ The Roots of Global Inequality\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 11 | Virtuous Cycle\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBlack Law │ The abolition of black law and the birth of the rule of law │ The slow progress of democracy │ The gradual cycle of inclusive institutions │ Breaking trust │ Attempts at judicial reform │ The case of Argentina │ Positive feedback and virtuous cycle\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 12 | Vicious Cycle\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Sierra Leone's exploitative system │ The mechanism of the vicious cycle │ From encomiendas to land theft │ From slavery to apartheid │ The iron law of African history and oligarchy │ Negative cycles and vicious circles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 13 | Why Nations Fail Today\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e How to win the lottery in Zimbabwe │ The Sierra Leone Civil War │ Colombia's failure to centralize │ Reasons for Argentina's economic collapse │ 20th-century neo-absolutism │ The reality of Uzbekistan │ Egypt's distorted competitive landscape │ Commonalities of failed nations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 14 | Countries Breaking the mold\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBotswana, a country that forges its own destiny │ A critical juncture and the interplay of existing institutions │ The end of exploitation in the American South │ A reborn China │ The winds of change\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 15 | Understanding Prosperity and Poverty\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The historical origins of inequality | Predictions for sustainable growth | The irresistible temptation of authoritarian growth | The limits of modernization theory | Prosperity is not an object of engineering | The failure of foreign aid | The transformation of Brazilian society | Empowerment\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgements\u003cbr\u003e supplement\u003cbr\u003e Notes and Sources │ Map Sources │ References │ Index\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eDetailed image\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/momo\/TopCate583\/MidCate007\/58264651(1).jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Detailed Image 1\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eInto the book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e There is no doubt, historically speaking, that there is no clear correlation between tropical location and economic success or failure.\u003cbr\u003e While it is true that tropical diseases cause suffering and high infant mortality in Africa, that does not mean that Africa is poor. \u003cbr\u003eDiseases run rampant primarily because governments are unable or unwilling to implement the public health policies necessary to eradicate poverty and disease.\u003cbr\u003e 19th century England was also a very unhealthy place.\u003cbr\u003e However, the British government gradually increased its investment in clean water supplies, proper sewage and waste disposal, and even effective public health services.\u003cbr\u003e The British economy did not succeed because of improved public health and increased life expectancy, but rather because of political and economic changes.\u003cbr\u003e The same goes for Nogales, Arizona.\u003cbr\u003e The remainder of the geographic location hypothesis is that tropical agriculture is inherently unproductive and therefore leads to poverty.\u003cbr\u003e (…) Of course, it is not without reason, (…) but rather, it can be said that it is because farmers cannot expect incentives due to the land ownership structure, government, and system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe reason African leaders have continued to mismanage their policies over the past half-century, despite the instability of property rights and economic systems that have left entire populations struggling to make ends meet, is not because they believe these policies are economically sound, but because they have found a way to survive by accumulating wealth at the expense of their people.\u003cbr\u003e It may have been considered good politics in that it allowed them to remain in power by gaining the support of the core group and elites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From \"Chapter 2: Incorrect Theories_ Ignorance Hypothesis\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In 1589, William Lee finally created the 'stocking frame' knitting machine.\u003cbr\u003e He headed straight to London with a pounding heart.\u003cbr\u003e He planned to visit Queen Elizabeth I to demonstrate how useful the machine was and to request a patent to prevent others from copying the design.\u003cbr\u003e (…) The Queen refused to grant Lee a patent for this reason.\u003cbr\u003e “I highly value Master Lee’s intentions. \u003cbr\u003eBut think what your inventions will do to my poor people.\u003cbr\u003e “It is clear as day that if such a machine is made, the people will lose all their jobs and become beggars.” (…) In fact, the reason Lee refused to grant a patent to him was not because he felt pity for the people who would lose their jobs because of his machine.\u003cbr\u003e I was just afraid of becoming a political loser.\u003cbr\u003e The people felt threatened by Lee's invention, which could cause political instability and shake their power base.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From \"Chapter 7: Turning Point_ Groundbreaking Ideas\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Industrial Revolution created a decisive turning point that affected almost every country.\u003cbr\u003e There were countries like England that achieved rapid growth by not only allowing commerce, industrialization, and entrepreneurial activity, but also actively encouraging them. \u003cbr\u003eMany absolute monarchies, including the Ottoman Empire and China, either prevented or did not encourage the spread of industry, and thus fell behind.\u003cbr\u003e Reactions to technological innovation varied across political and economic systems.\u003cbr\u003e This time, too, the familiar pattern of institutions and economic performance diverging sharply due to the interaction of existing institutions and critical junctures has been repeated.\u003cbr\u003e Even after its collapse at the end of World War I, the Ottoman Empire maintained an absolutist system, opposing and delaying innovations like printing, thus avoiding the resulting process of creative destruction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From \"Chapter 8 Barriers to Development_Printing Prohibited\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The French Revolution abolished the feudal system and its associated duties and taxes in one fell swoop, and also abolished all tax exemptions enjoyed by priests and nobles.\u003cbr\u003e (…) These reforms were the first step towards the end of the absolute monarchy in France. \u003cbr\u003eThe decades following the August 4th Declaration were marked by instability and constant war.\u003cbr\u003e However, the move away from the absolutist system and exploitative institutions and toward an inclusive political and economic system was now irreversible.\u003cbr\u003e These changes led to other reforms in the economic and political spheres, culminating in the Third Republic in 1870, which established a parliamentary democracy in France, much like the Glorious Revolution in England.\u003cbr\u003e The French Revolution was a time of violence, suffering, instability, and war.\u003cbr\u003e Yet, thanks to this, France was able to break free from the exploitative systems that had hindered economic growth and prosperity, as witnessed in the absolutist regimes of Eastern Europe, such as Austria-Hungary and Russia.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From \"Chapter 10: The Spread of Prosperity_ The French Revolution That Broke Down Obstacles\"\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe economic ruin and human suffering brought about by Russian communism were often repeated elsewhere.\u003cbr\u003e Typical examples include Cambodia, China, and North Korea under the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s.\u003cbr\u003e An evil dictatorship came into power and human rights violations were rampant.\u003cbr\u003e In addition to human suffering and massacre, communist regimes have also established various forms of exploitative systems.\u003cbr\u003e With or without markets, the economic institutions they established were designed solely to exploit the resources of the population, and by demonizing private property rights, they often created poverty rather than fostering prosperity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From \"Chapter 13: Why Nations Fail Today_ 20th Century New Absolutism\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e China's rebirth was possible thanks to its rapid transition from an extremely exploitative economic system to an inclusive one. \u003cbr\u003eThe introduction of market incentives in agriculture and industry, followed by the attraction of foreign investment and technology, finally put China on the path to rapid economic growth.\u003cbr\u003e (…) Although it did not change its political system, it is true that China broke the existing framework.\u003cbr\u003e As in Botswana and the southern United States, key changes emerged at critical junctures.\u003cbr\u003e In China, the death of Mao Zedong provided such a turning point.\u003cbr\u003e Contingency cannot be ignored either.\u003cbr\u003e In fact, this can be said to be the case with the strongest accidental tendency.\u003cbr\u003e Because the downfall of the Gang of Four was not an inevitable fate.\u003cbr\u003e If they had not fallen from power, China would not have achieved the economic growth it has enjoyed over the past 30 years.\u003cbr\u003e However, the disasters and suffering of the people brought about by the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution led to a wind of change, which ultimately enabled Deng Xiaoping and his colleagues to emerge as victors in the political struggle.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e  \u003cdiv\u003e---From \"Chapter 14 Countries that broke the mold_ The wind of change\"\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003ePublisher's Review\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eRanked #1 on Amazon in Politics and Economics, Highly Recommended by the New York Times\u003cbr\u003e Highly recommended by Jared Diamond, Francis Fukuyama, and Niall Ferguson.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003e“Economic recession, social polarization,\u003cbr\u003e Youth unemployment, anxiety…\u003cbr\u003e “The problem is the system.”\u003cbr\u003e The Wealth of Nations: Finding the Answer to National Failure\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Some countries are poor, some are rich.\u003cbr\u003e Here are some failed states.\u003cbr\u003e These are countries suffering from poverty, corruption, and poor education.\u003cbr\u003e Why did they fail? How can we avoid repeating the same mistakes?\u003cbr\u003e This book, Why Nations Fail, presents the most compelling argument of any theory to date.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This book is written by Daron Acemoglu, a young scholar who is currently receiving attention and a professor of economics at MIT, and James A. \u003cbr\u003eRobinson's co-authored book offers a simple yet compelling explanation for why so many countries fail to develop, and furthermore, where prosperity, poverty, and global inequality lie today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Drawing on 15 years of research and remarkable evidence from across the globe—including the Roman Empire, Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the former Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa—the authors explain what makes the difference between failed and successful nations.\u003cbr\u003e A particularly notable example is South and North Korea.\u003cbr\u003e As the authors note in the preface to the Korean edition, it “contains all the elements of a general theory that could explain why the vast institutional differences that arose on the Korean Peninsula divided all countries around the world into rich and poor.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Darren Acemoglu and James A. \u003cbr\u003eAccording to Robinson, the decisive factor in determining a nation's success or failure is not its geographical, historical, or racial conditions, but its 'institutions'.\u003cbr\u003e He adds that the fate of a nation can be completely different when political choices are combined with economic factors.\u003cbr\u003e What this book suggests is simple.\u003cbr\u003e While economic institutions play a key role in determining a country's wealth and poverty, it is politics and political institutions that determine what kind of economic institutions a country will have.\u003cbr\u003e It is precisely the interaction of these political and economic systems that determines the wealth and poverty of a country.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This book, \"Why Nations Fail,\" has received much praise in academic circles for its interdisciplinary research encompassing politics, economics, and history, and for its more systematic and persuasive development theory focusing on institutions. \u003cbr\u003eWith its clear logic and solid evidence, this book will provide us with profound insights that will serve as a wake-up call to the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eA decisive factor in determining the prosperity and poverty of individuals and nations\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Why is Britain better off than Egypt? The authors raise the question, which seems self-explanatory with the simple answer, \"Because it's Britain or Egypt.\" Instead, they ask the question, \"Why?\"\u003cbr\u003e And he says that the reason some societies are poor is not because of geography or culture, but because those in power make choices that promote poverty.\u003cbr\u003e It means that 'the wrong choice is not made due to the leader's mistake or ignorance, but is intentional.'\u003cbr\u003e To understand why nations fail today, the authors look back to the past and examine the historical background of each society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Let's go back to the story of Britain and Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e Darren Acemoglu and James A. \u003cbr\u003eRobinson explains that the reason Britain is better off than Egypt is because of the revolution that took place in England in 1688, which transformed not only the political but also the economic environment.\u003cbr\u003e 'Through struggle, the people won more political rights and used those rights to expand economic opportunities.\u003cbr\u003e As a result, they experienced fundamentally different political and economic paths, changes that culminated in the Industrial Revolution.' However, these changes did not spread to Egypt, which ended up becoming a British colony.\u003cbr\u003e He adds that although there were subsequent steps toward independence and the overthrow of the monarchy, they failed to fundamentally change politics and only placed power in the hands of an elite indifferent to the well-being of the common people.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The authors also suggest that to understand where the differences between poverty and prosperity come from, we need to look closely at the impact of major events, particularly those that upset the balance of power in a society. \u003cbr\u003eThese 'critical turning points' are double-edged swords that can drastically change the path a country takes.\u003cbr\u003e These include the Black Death in Europe, the death of Mao Zedong in China, the discovery of the American continent, and the colonization and decolonization that took place around the world.\u003cbr\u003e Each society is bound to have different systems due to its own unique customs and practices.\u003cbr\u003e The book argues that these institutional differences create institutional drift, which can lead to significant differences over centuries and influence how we respond to shifts in political and economic circumstances when confronted with critical junctures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e For example, the Black Death and the expansion of world trade after 1600 not only served as crucial turning points for the European powers, but also began to create serious differences as they interacted with existing, different institutions.\u003cbr\u003e The book says this: \u003cbr\u003eIn 1346, Western European peasants enjoyed relatively more rights and autonomy than their Eastern European counterparts, but the arrival of the Black Death led to the collapse of the feudal system in Western Europe, while in Eastern Europe it resulted in a different outcome: the establishment of judicial serfdom.\u003cbr\u003e Because Eastern and Western Europe had already reached a crossroads by the 14th century, the new economic opportunities of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries had fundamentally different implications for the two great European regions.\u003cbr\u003e Moreover, because the power of the English crown in 1600 was weaker than that of France and Spain, trade across the Atlantic opened the way for new institutions based on broader pluralism in England, while in France and Spain it only strengthened the power of the crown.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As we have seen in the examples of Britain and Egypt, the Industrial Revolution was able to sprout and develop most significantly in Britain thanks to its inclusive economic system. \u003cbr\u003eOf course, this economic system was established on the basis of the inclusive political system brought about by the Glorious Revolution.\u003cbr\u003e The Glorious Revolution created a more open political system, more sensitive to economic needs and social aspirations.\u003cbr\u003e As a result, the authors argue, today's economic growth was possible.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Darren Acemoglu and James A.\u003cbr\u003e Robinson also focuses on South and North Korea.\u003cbr\u003e 'Today, North Korea's standard of living is comparable to that of sub-Saharan African countries.\u003cbr\u003e This is only one-tenth of the average standard of living in South Korea.' He says the answer to why North and South Korea have taken such drastically different paths to fate lies in their systems.\u003cbr\u003e According to the authors, the reason South Korea has such a completely different economic system from North Korea is because the interests and goals of those who determined its social structure were different. \u003cbr\u003eSouth Korea has an inclusive economic system, meaning that private property rights are protected, the legal system is fairly enforced, and public services are provided in a competitive environment where everyone can exchange and contract.\u003cbr\u003e The introduction of such an inclusive economic system can stimulate economic activity, increase productivity, and achieve economic prosperity.\u003cbr\u003e On the other hand, the situation was different in North Korea.\u003cbr\u003e Power is something that, depending on who holds it and for what purpose, some individuals or groups can gain greater benefits through exploitative systems.\u003cbr\u003e Even if we look at the fundamental logic of an exploitative system, it must create wealth that can be exploited. However, due to its nature, it fails to lead to creative destruction and technological progress is limited.\u003cbr\u003e It is not possible to create incentives that can stimulate economic activity.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIt is precisely on this point that the authors argue that the reason why countries are failing economically today is precisely because of these 'exploitative systems.'\u003cbr\u003e This is undoubtedly a common characteristic of failed countries.\u003cbr\u003e Although the specifics may differ due to the differences in each country's history and social structure, the reason exploitative systems persist so persistently is that exploitative political and economic systems exert a synergistic effect and support each other, creating enormous obstacles that hinder gradual improvement.\u003cbr\u003e This kind of cycle repeats itself over and over again, creating a vicious cycle.\u003cbr\u003e On the other hand, inclusive political systems tend to support inclusive economic systems, creating a virtuous cycle. \u003cbr\u003eInclusive political systems, combined with inclusive economic systems, lead to more equitable income distribution, broader social empowerment, and a more level playing field in politics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Ultimately, as the book continually emphasizes, “the solution to overcoming the political and economic failures of today’s nations is to transform exploitative institutions into inclusive ones.” This is by no means easy, the authors argue, because once a society is organized in a certain way, it exhibits a tendency to persist in that way, but it’s not impossible either.\u003cbr\u003e The vicious cycle can be broken by the existence of some inclusive elements within the system, by the existence of a broad coalition of forces to lead the struggle against the existing regime, or by the mere \"contingencies of history.\"\u003cbr\u003e Ultimately, it is people who create the ‘system’. \u003cbr\u003eThe economic system under which the people will live is decided through the political process, and the people who carry out this process as agents are politicians.\u003cbr\u003e This is precisely why, as this book explains, 'who' creates what system is important in determining the success or failure of a country.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eIn an age of polarization, advice from an MIT economist has captured the world's attention.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This book, \"Why Nations Fail,\" has received praise from leading media outlets and scholars around the world.\u003cbr\u003e Jared Diamond (author of Guns, Germs, and Steel), Francis Fukuyama (author of The End of History and the Last Men), Niall Ferguson (author of Civilization), Steven Levitt (author of Freakonomics), and Michael Spence, Robert Solow, Kenneth J.\u003cbr\u003e Arrow, Gary S.\u003cbr\u003e Becker and other prominent figures have been recommending this book.\u003cbr\u003e In particular, George Akerlof, author of Wild Impulses, likened the book to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis book was also nominated for the 2012 Business Book of the Year award (to be announced on November 1) by the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs, along with Steve Jobs' autobiography, Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography, and Michael Sandel's What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets.\u003cbr\u003e This award is now in its eighth year, with the first winner being Thomas Friedman's The World is Flat in 2005.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Daron Acemoglu and James A., authors of the book Why Nations Fail,\u003cbr\u003e Robinson is a professor of economics at MIT and a professor of political science at Harvard University, respectively, and is a scholar who has recently been attracting attention.\u003cbr\u003e In particular, Daron Acemoglu received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2005, which is awarded to an economist under 40 who has made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge. \u003cbr\u003ePaul Samuelson, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1970, also received the award in 1947, as did Milton Friedman, Kenneth J.\u003cbr\u003e Arrow, Lawrence Klein, Robert Solow, Gary S.\u003cbr\u003e Famous economists such as Becker, Joseph Stiglitz, and Paul Krugman also won the John Bates Clark Medal and then the Nobel Prize in Economics.\u003cbr\u003e Forty percent of medal winners went on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics, on average, 22 years later.\u003cbr\u003e That's why the John Bates Clark Medal is called the \"preliminary Nobel Prize in Economics.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Daron Acemoglu conducts research across a wide range of fields, including political economy, development economics, economic growth, technology, income inequality, and labor economics, and this book is the culmination of his research.\u003cbr\u003e It is through this kind of comprehensive research that we have uncovered the close connection between politics and economics.\u003cbr\u003e In their book, Why Nations Fail, Daron Acemoglu and James A. \u003cbr\u003eRobinson's new political economic theory answers the questions facing the world today.\u003cbr\u003e Can China's rapid growth, built on its authoritarian growth model, continue to outpace the West? Is America's golden age behind us? Is there no way to rescue half the world from the swamp of poverty?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The message they convey is simple.\u003cbr\u003e What determines a country's failure or success is how inclusive its political and economic systems are.\u003cbr\u003e But why are so many countries today failing to achieve this simple goal?\u003cbr\u003e This book will change the way we view and understand the world, as we grapple with the question, \"Why are some countries poor and others rich?\" \u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e GOODS SPECIFICS \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eDate of publication:\u003c\/strong\u003e September 27, 2012\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n \u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e- \u003cstrong\u003ePage count, weight, size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 704 pages | 1,020g | 153*224*40mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9788952766984\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8952766989 \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43894482173994,"sku":"112109","price":42.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0683\/2750\/5962\/files\/a5361a7bb3c348480dc5bd614ce1ea27.jpg?v=1765434677","url":"https:\/\/librairie.coreenne.fr\/en\/products\/112109","provider":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}