In short, highly successful people, regardless of their field, exhibited a strong sense of determination, which manifested itself in two characteristics.
First, they were extremely resilient and hard-working.
Second, he had a very deep understanding of what he wanted.
They were not only decisive, but they also knew where to go.
What makes successful people special is their perseverance combined with passion.
In a word, they had grit.
---From Chapter 1, Grit, a Necessary Condition for Success

“Talent is probably the most common non-professional description we give to successful athletes.
We talk as if there is some invisible entity called talent that exists behind the surface reality of performance and separates the best players from the rest.
And we look at great athletes as if they were blessed with special talents and physical, genetic, psychological and physiological "factors" that the rest of us are not granted.
There are players who have 'talent' and players who don't.
“There are players who are ‘naturally gifted’ and there are players who are not.” I think Chambliss’ observation is accurate.
When we can't explain how an athlete or musician achieves something jaw-dropping, we tend to give up and say, "That's talent! You can't teach that."
In other words, when it is difficult to understand how someone could reach a level of excellence that far exceeds the normal range through experience and training alone, we automatically classify them as "natural."
(…) The assumption that talent perfectly explains outstanding skills seems wrong, but on the other hand, it is understandable.
He explains:
“If the Olympics, which come every four years, are your only chance to see the best athletes, or if you only watch the games without seeing them train every day, it’s easy to explain their success solely in terms of talent.”
---From Chapter 2, “Why Are We So Dazzled by Talent?”

Researchers at Harvard University had the same idea in 1940.
With the goal of "helping people live happier and more successful lives" by identifying "characteristics of healthy young adults," they asked 130 Harvard sophomores to run on a treadmill for up to five minutes.
With the treadmill set to high incline and maximum speed, students could typically only last four minutes.
Some people lasted only 1 minute and 30 seconds.
This treadmill experiment is designed to tire students out not only physically but also mentally.
Researchers measured "endurance and willpower" by setting the treadmill to be harder than the students' baseline physical fitness.
Decades later, a psychiatrist named George Vaillant followed up with those who had participated in the treadmill experiment.
The subjects, now in their 60s, were contacted by researchers every two years after graduating from college, and (…) the researchers recorded each subject’s income, promotions, sick leave, social activities, self-reported satisfaction with work and home life, history of psychiatric treatment, and use of mood-altering medications such as tranquilizers.
Vaillant synthesized all of that information to estimate psychological adjustment across adulthood.
As a result, the time spent running on a treadmill at age 20 was found to be a reliable variable predicting psychological adaptation in adulthood.
(…) That is, Will Smith pointed out an important fact.
When running the marathon of life, effort is extremely important.
---From "Chapter 3: Effort is Twice as Important as Talent"

It seems that trials that threaten death make people stronger, but sometimes they also make them weak.
So, in what situations does this occur? When does a difficult struggle lead to hope, and when does it lead to helplessness? A few years ago, Steve Meyer and his students devised an experiment.
It was almost the same experiment he and Martin Seligman had done 40 years earlier.
One group of rats received electric shocks, but could turn a small handle with their forepaw to block the current until the next shock was delivered.
A second group of rats received electric shocks of the same intensity as the first group, but had no control over how long the shock lasted.
A crucial difference from the original experiment was that the new experiment involved rats that were five weeks old, the equivalent of adolescence in rats.
A second difference is that the effects of this experiment were measured five weeks later, when the mice were fully adult.
Five weeks later, both groups of rats were shocked again, but there was no way for the rats to turn off the current.
The next day, the rats were released into a new environment and their exploratory behavior was observed.
The results of Meyer's experiment are as follows.
Rats that experienced uncontrollable electric shocks as adolescents and then received the same shock again as adults exhibited fearful behavior.
It was an unexpected result.
Like other rats in that situation, it had learned to feel helpless.
In contrast, rats that were able to control electric shocks during adolescence grew up to be more adventurous.
What's even more surprising is that as adults, they act as if they've been vaccinated against learned helplessness.
Yes, these 'resilient' rats were not helpless when subjected to uncontrollable electric shocks during adulthood.
In other words, the trials that the young rats faced, even if they were not fatal, only made them grow into strong adults if they were able to control the situation through their own efforts.
---From Chapter 9, “The Posture of Rising Again, Embrace Hope”

Isn't there a fine line between tough love and bullying? What is the difference? Young said this.
“I knew the decision was mine.
And I also knew that my father didn't want me to be like him.
Parents must first demonstrate to their children that they are not trying to make them do what they say, control them, or make them like me. They are not asking them to do what they did or to do what they failed to do.
Your father has long since shown you that you and your needs are not important.
“It was a genuine, ‘I’ll give you everything I have.’” “Tough love requires the premise that the parents are not selfish,” Steve continued.
“I think that’s crucial.
If you use strict love to control your children, they will notice.
'We just need to see you succeed.
“You come before us.’ My parents showed that through their actions.”

---From Chapter 10, Parenting Styles that Cultivate Grit