01 Basic Concepts of Nursing _13

1.1 Human ················································· 1 5
1.
Human Justice _15
2.
Basic Human Needs _15
3.
Growth and Development _17
1.2 Health ································· 2 2
1.
Definition of Health _22
2.
Model of Health _22
3.
Factors Affecting Health and Disease _27
4.
Stages of Disease Behavior _27
1.3 Environment ················································· 2 9
1.
Physical Environment Elements _29
2.
Nursing intervention during hospitalization _29
3.
Nursing Interventions in Electric Motor Vehicles _30
4.
Discharge Procedure _30
1.4 Nursing ······································ 3 1
1.
Definition of Nursing _31
2.
The Role of a Nurse _33
3.
Basic Concepts of Nursing Theory _35

02 Nursing Process _41

2.1 Nursing Process ·························· 43
1.
Nursing Process Concept _43
2.
Nursing Process Sequence _44
2.2 Circumstances ································ 4 6
1.
Nursing Justice Concept _46
2.
Data Collection _46
3.
Organization and Recording of Data _52
2.3 Diagnosis ················································ 5 4
1.
Nursing Diagnosis _54
2.
Diagnostic Statement _54
2.4 Plan ················································ 5 7
1.
Nursing Care Plan Concept _57
2.
Nursing Planning Process _57
3.
Types of Nursing Interventions _59
2.5 Execution ································ 6 0
1.
Nursing Practice _60
2.
Nursing Practice Skills _60
3.
Nursing Practice Process _61
2.6 Evaluation ················································· 6 1
1.
Nursing Evaluation _61
2.
Types of Evaluation _62
3.
Evaluation Stage Process _62
2.7 Records and Reports ··················· 6 2
1.
Record _62
2.
Report _67

03 Health Assessment _75

3.1 Physical Examination Method ······································· 7 7
1.
Physical Examination _77
3.2 Body Part Examination ··············· 7 9
1.
Skin _79
2.
Head and Neck _79
3.
Eyes _80
4.
Ear _82
5.
Nose _83
6.
Oral and Throat _84
7.
Chest and Lungs _84
8.
Heart and Peripheral Vascular System _86
9.
Breast and Armpit _87
10.
Abdomen _89
11.
Genitals _91
12.
Rectum and Anus _93
13.
Musculoskeletal System _93
14.
Nervous System _94
3.3 Vital Signs ·························· 9 9
1.
When to Measure Vital Signs _99
2.
Normal ranges for adult vital signs _99
3.
Body temperature _100
5.
Breathing _103
4.
Pulse _101
6.
Blood pressure _106

04 Oxygenation Requirements _117

4.1 Anatomy and Physiology of Respiration ············ 1 1 9
1.
Anatomy and Physiology of Respiration _119
2.
Circulatory Physiology _123
4.2 Oxygenation Circumstances ································ 1 2 4
1.
Physical Examination _124
2.
Common Signs of Inadequate Oxygenation _124
3.
Factors Affecting Oxygenation Requirements _125
4.
Diagnostic Test _125
5.
Nursing Diagnosis _129
4.3 Increased oxygenation ······································· 1 3 0
1.
Position _130
2.
Deep Breathing and Coughing _130
3.
Suction _133
4.
Chest Physiotherapy _134
5.
Increased water intake _136
6.
Provision of humidified air _136
4.4 Oxygen Therapy ······················· 1 3 7
1.
Oxygen supply device _137
2.
Oxygen Risk Factors _141
4.5 Other Oxygenation Techniques··························· 1 4 1
1.
Sealed Chest Tube Drainage _141
2.
Spray Therapy _143
3.
CPR _143
4.
CPR by Age _144

05 Nutrition _151

5.1 General Understanding of Nutrition ················ 1 5 3
1.
Calories _153
2.
Essential Nutrients _153
3.
Absorption _156
5.2 Nutritional Status Assessment ················································ 1 5 7
1.
Measurement of intake and excretion _157
2.
Body Measurement Data _157
5.3 Management of Nutritional Disorders ················································ 1 5 9
1.
Osim _159
2.
Vomiting _159
3.
Anorexia nervosa _160
4.
Bulimia Nervosa _160
5.
Stomach Gas _160
6.
Anorexia _161
5.4 Hospital food ······················· 1 6 2
1.
Regular expression or general expression _162
2.
Kyungsik _162
3.
Year _162
4.
Jeon Yoo-dong-sik _162
5.
Clear Liquid Food _162
6.
Special Treatment Diet _163
5.5 Total Parenteral Nutrition ·························· 1 6 4
1.
Feature _164
2. Purpose of TPN _164
3.
Catheter insertion _164
4. Nursing care for patients receiving TPN _165
5.6 Ministerial Nutrition ····················· 1 6 5
1.
Insertion of the tube _165
2.
Nasogastric tube intubation _167
3.
Nasogastric tube maintenance _169
4.
Nasogastric tube removal _170
5.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nutrient Supply by Tube Type _170
6.
Nutritional Supply Method _171
7.
Nutritional Solution Supply Procedure via Nasogastric Tube _172
8.
Problems Related to Gastroenterology _173
9.
Distribution and Function of Body Fluids _174
10.
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance _175

06 Excretion Request _187

6.1 Urination ················································ 1 8 9
1.
Structure and Function of the Urinary System _189
2.
Characteristics of Urine _190
3.
Normal values ​​for general urinalysis _191
4.
Urine Specimen Collection _191
5.
Abnormal findings _193
6.
Urination Disorder Nursing _194
7.
Artificial Urination _195
8.
Incontinence _200
9.
Fairy Body _201
6.2 Defecation ····························· 2 0 2
1.
Structure and Function of the Large Intestine _202
2.
Bowel Movement _203
3.
Problems with bowel movements _205
4.
Bowel Care _208
5.
Care of Ostomy Patients _212

07 Personal Hygiene _223

7.1 Structure and function of the outer skin······················· 2 2 5
1.
Skin _225
2.
Mucous membrane _225
3.
Teeth _225
7.2 Personal Hygiene Nursing ·················· 2 2 6
1.
Hygiene _226

08 Body Temperature Maintenance Requirements _237

8.1 Body Temperature ·················· 2 3 9
1.
Thermoregulation Mechanism _239
2.
High temperature _240
3.
Hypothermia _241
8.2 Stages of fever ······································ 2 4 3
1.
Stage-by-Stage Symptoms and Nursing Interventions for Fever _243
8.3 Types and characteristics of heat ············ 2 4 4
1.
Heat _244
2.
Types of heat _244
8.4 Nursing Process ············ 2 4 4
1.
Circumstances _244
2.
Diagnosis _244
3.
Nursing Plan _245
4.
Nursing Intervention _245

09 Activity and Exercise Needs _253

9.1 Activities and Exercises ················································· 2 5 5
1.
Body Mechanics _255
2.
Change of position _257
3.
Types and Principles of Exercise _261
4.
The Effects of Exercise and Immobility _262
5.
Range of Motion Exercises _264
9.2 Walking and Walking Assistance ······················· 2 6 8
1.
Target walking assistance _268

10 Requests for Safety _277

10.1 Sleep ································ 2 7 9
1.
Functions of Sleep _279
2.
Sleep Cycle _279
3.
Changes in sleep according to developmental stage _281
4.
Sleep Influence Factors _282
5.
Sleep Circumstances _283
6.
Nursing Diagnosis _283
7.
Sleep Disorders _283
8.
Nursing Intervention _285
10.2 Pain ··············· 2 8 6
1.
Understanding Pain _286
2.
Types of Pain _287
3.
Pain Assessment _288
4.
Pain Relief Methods _289
10.3 Making a Bed ······································ 2 9 1
1.
Making a Bed _291

11 Safety Requirements _297

11.1 Safety ·················· 2 9 9
1.
Factors Affecting Safety _299
2.
Nursing Diagnosis Related to Safety _300
3.
Strategies for Preventing Safety Accidents _300
4.
Suppression Unit _303

12 Sex Requirements _307

12.1 Sex ················································· 3 0 9
1.
Concept _309
2.
Components of a Castle _309
3.
Preparing Nurses to Intervene in Sexual Issues _310
12.2 Sex by Developmental Stage ····················· 3 1 0
1.
Infancy _310
2.
Infancy _310
3.
Childhood _310
4.
Puberty _311
5.
Youth and Middle Age _311
6.
Middle Age _311
7.
Old Age _311
12.3 Sexual Dysfunction ······································ 3 1 2
1.
Decrease in sexual demands _312
2.
Erectile Dysfunction _312
3.
Ejaculation failure _312
4.
Sexual Orgasm Failure _312
5.
Painful intercourse _312
6.
Vaginal cramps _312
12.4 Factors Influencing Sex ··········· 3 1 3
1.
Life Cycle Changes _313
2.
Culture, Religion, Personal Ethics, and Lifestyle _313
3.
Disease _314

13 End-of-Life Care _317

13.1 End-of-life care ······················· 3 1 9
1.
Definition of End-of-Life Care _319
2.
Stages of Psychological Adaptation to Death _319
13.2 Care of the End-of-Life Patient··························· 3 2 0
1.
Physical Care of the Dying Patient _320
2.
Emotional Nursing _322
3.
Spiritual Nursing _323
13.3 Postmortem Care ·················· 3 2 3
1.
Physical Changes After Death _323
2.
Postmortem Care _324
3.
Postmortem Records _325
4.
Postmortem Treatment _325
5.
Bereaved Family Care _326

14 Wound Care _331

14.1 Wound Care ······················· 3 3 3
1.
Wound Classification _333
2.
The Healing Process of Wounds _334
3.
Wound Complications _335
4.
Factors Affecting Wound Healing _336
14.2 Nursing Process ····················· 3 3 7
1.
Circumstances _337
2.
Performance _337
14.3 Pressure Ulcer Care ·················· 3 4 2
1.
Bedsores _342
2.
Cause of occurrence _344
3.
Nursing Intervention _346

15 Infection Control Nursing _351

15.1 Infection ····························· 353
1.
Understanding Infection _353
2.
Infection Chain _353
3.
Infection stage _356
4.
Body Defense Mechanisms _357
5.
Hospital-acquired infections _358
15.2 Infection Control ···················· 3 5 8
1.
Cleaning, Disinfection, Sterilization _358
2.
Medical Asepsis _360
3.
Surgical Asepsis _362
4.
Quarantine _365
5.
Protective Gear _368
6.
Medical Waste Management _369

16 Medication Nursing _375

16.1 Basic Understanding of Medication ·························· 3 7 7
1.
Fundamentals of Pharmacology _377
2.
Prescription _379
3.
Narcotics Control _382
4.
Medication Error Management _382
16.2 Oral and topical administration··········· 3 8 2
1.
Oral medication _382
2.
Topical Administration _384
16.3 Parenteral Administration ················································· 3 8 8
1.
Parenteral Medication Tools _388
2.
Drug Preparation _389
3.
Injection route _390
16.4 Intravenous injection ·················· 3 9 8
1.
Intravenous injection _398
2.
Intravenous administration method _399
3.
Central venous catheter _403
16.5 Blood transfusion ···························· 4 0 4
1.
Blood Transfusion _404
2.
Blood Types _405
3.
Blood Transfusion Procedure _405
4.
Transfusion Adverse Reactions and Nursing Interventions _406

17 Postoperative Nursing _413

17.1 Anesthesia ·················· 4 1 5
1.
Purpose and Principles of Anesthesia _415
2.
Types of Anesthesia _415
17.2 The Role of the Operating Room Nurse··················4 1 7
1.
The Role of the Disinfection Nurse _417
2.
The Role of the Circulating Nurse _417
17.3 Surgical Cycle Nursing Interventions····················· 4 1 8
1.
Preoperative Nursing Interventions _418
2.
Postoperative Nursing Interventions _419

＊ Basic abbreviations ······················ 4 2 5
＊ INDEX ························ 4 3 0

preface

We send our encouragement to prospective nurses across the country preparing for the 66th National Nurses' Examination.


For those of you who are simultaneously studying extensively and completing 1,000 hours of hospital practice in preparation for midterms, finals, and the national exam, we have compiled the "Pacific Nurse National Exam Preparation Concept Book" with the intention of helping you prepare more efficiently.

The difficulty level of the 2025 National Nursing Examination is intermediate to high, and the questions are designed to not deviate significantly from the framework of previous national exams. However, questions were also asked about concepts that had been on national exams in the past but have not appeared recently, as well as minor concepts that were not covered in previous exams.
Of course, these concepts are not so important as to determine whether you pass or fail the exam. Therefore, if you study through the "Pacific Nursing National Exam Concept Book," which contains all the previous exam questions and many of the necessary concepts, you will be able to sufficiently learn the concepts that will appear on the national exam.

"Pacific Nursing National Exam Preparation Concept Book" analyzes the latest exam trends, adds newly tested concepts, and organizes and summarizes frequently appearing concepts for easy understanding.
Furthermore, it is a comprehensive concept book that includes memorization tips and in-depth content for concepts that are easily confused or misunderstood.
Throughout the concept explanations, we have included TIP boxes and true/false quizzes to help you master the content that frequently appears in past exams and that you need to know clearly.
Additionally, at the end of each chapter, we have summarized the key content to ensure that you are fully familiar with frequently-used and important concepts.

The 2026 National Nursing Exam Preparation Concept Book, "Pacific Nursing Exam Preparation Concept Book," is a highly complete concept book that combines the latest trends in nursing exam questions with nursing theories and concepts accumulated over 20 years.
Because this is a concept book with extensive content, we have organized the table of contents in detail so that you can see the overall content development by subject at a glance and refer to it when needed.
We have revised and supplemented laws and policies that will be revised and implemented in 2025 to match the effective date. We have also made every effort to include diverse theories and concepts by referencing the latest revised textbooks and literature to additionally describe any new or changed concepts, even if they are minor, in the concept books for each subject.

As the national exam approaches, I deeply sympathize with your growing anxiety and impatience, and your fear that the questions will be different from those in previous exams or that they will be more difficult.
Even so, I hope you will trust in yourselves that you will be able to build a solid foundation with Pacific.
In preparation for the 2026 National Nurse Exam, thoroughly study the latest trends and concepts through the 『Pacific Nurse Exam Preparation Concept Book』, apply those concepts to the problems in the 『Pacific Nurse Exam Preparation Problem Book』 to acquire problem-solving skills and a sense of reality, and then use the 『Cheon-gi-nuseol』 mini book to review any concepts you missed. If you do so, you will be able to pour out the skills you have built up so far on the National Nurse Exam without regret.
Pacific sincerely wishes you success and success.

Pacific Academic Compilation Bureau, March 2025