PART I PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Chapter 1: The Significance of Public Health / 3
Section 1 Public Health 3
1) Definition 3
2) Scope of Public Health 4
3) Public health activities 6
4) The smallest unit of public health 7
5) 3 Elements of Public Health Project Implementation 7
6) The Purpose of Public Health 7
7) Historical Development of Public Health 8
8) Public health-related studies 8
9) Public health project 11
10) Public health project implementation agency 13
11) New Public Health 14

Section 2: History of Public Health 16
1) Ancient Period (BC - 500) 16
2) Middle Ages (500-1500) 17
3) Dawn period (cradle period, early modern period, 1500-1850) 18
4) Establishment period (modern period, 1850-1900) 19
5) Generator (Modern, after 1900) 20

Section 3: Historical Changes in Korea's Health Administration 21
1) Ancient times 21
2) Three Kingdoms Period 22
3) Unified Silla Period 22
4) Goryeo Dynasty 22
5) Public Health Administration in the Joseon Dynasty 23
6) Health Administration after Modern Times 24

Section 4 Public Health Level Evaluation Indicators 25
1) Health indicator 25
2) WHO's International Comparison of Three Major Health Indicators 37
3) Proportional mortality index 37
4) Average life expectancy: 39
5) Mortality rate (average mortality rate / general mortality rate) 39
6) Three Major Indicators for Health Level Evaluation 39
7) Problems with low public health standards 40
8) Prospects for Korea's Healthcare 42

Section 5: Characteristics of the Health Care Concept 44
1) Medical and Health Care 44
2) Socio-economic characteristics of health care services 44
3) Desirable health care conditions 45
4) Types of health care services 45
5) Comprehensive health care services 46
6) Health care system 46

Section 6 International Health Organizations 47
1) World Health Organization (WHO) 47
2) International health organizations 49

Chapter 2 Health / 51
Section 1 Definition of Health 51
1) World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health 51
2) Scholars' definition of health 51
3) Evolution of the concept of health 53
4) Health Promotion 54
5) Ottawa Charter 55
6) WHO Health Promotion Principle 55
7) Health Promotion Projects in Korea 55

Section 2 Disease Occurrence and Prevention 57
1) Definition of disease 57
2) The three major causes of disease outbreaks 57
3) Primary health care 59

Section 3 Health and Disease 61
1) Health Field Theory 61
2) Health - Determinants of Disease 61
3) Biomedical model 62
4) Ecological model 63
5) Socio-ecological model 63
6) Holistic Model 63
7) Wellness Model 63

Section 4 Natural History of Disease and Prevention Steps 64
1) Pre-pathogenic phase (non-pathogenic phase) → Health maintenance phase 64
2) Early pathogenic phase → Onset of the disease 65
3) Asymptomatic disease period → Asymptomatic incubation period 65
4) Present disease stage → Stage 65 where symptoms appear
5) Recovery phase → Recovery or aftereffect management phase 66

Section 5 Preventive Medicine Approach Strategies 66
1) High-Risk Strategy 66
2) Population Strategy 67
3) Parallel and harmonious strategies 67

Section 6 Health Effects Pyramid (CDC Model) 68
1) Improving socioeconomic factors → Most effective 68
2) Creating a healthy environment 68
3) Long-term prevention measures 69
4) Clinical intervention 69
5) Counseling and education → Individual effort required 69
6) The comprehensive meaning of the health impact pyramid 70

PART II Environmental Sanitation, Environmental Health, Industrial Health, and Food Sanitation
Chapter 1.
Environmental Sanitation / 73
Section 1: The Significance of Environmental Sanitation 73
1) Environmental Sanitation 73
2) Environmental Health 74
3) Environmental Health Management 74
4) Health Risk Assessment 75

Section 2 Climate 75
1) Climate change 75
2) Thermal conditions 76
3) The action of thermal elements 78
4) Body temperature regulation and intellectual temperature 81

Section 3 Sunlight 82
1) UV 84
2) Visible light 87
3) Infrared 88

Section 4 Air 89
1) Composition of the atmosphere 89
2) Atmospheric pressure 91
3) Composition of air 91
4) Air and Health 93

Section 5 Constants 97
1) Water and Health 97
2) Water source 97
3) Water's self-purification function 98
4) Constant processing process 98
5) Water purification process and purification method 99
6) Water Purification Method 99
7) Disinfection 100
8) Special integer method 102
9) Water quality standard 103

Section 6 Swimming Pools and Public Baths 104
1) Swimming Pool Hygiene 104
2) Public Bath Hygiene 106

Section 7 Sewage 107
1) Meaning of sewage 107
2) Types of sewerage 107
3) Sewage treatment system 108
4) Sewage treatment process 108
5) Goals of Sewage Treatment 109

Section 8 Waste and Excrement 109
1) Definition and Classification of Waste 109
2) Waste disposal process 110
3) Waste Management Policy 110
4) Incineration treatment 111
5) Medical waste 111
6) Classification of waste by item 111
7) Waste Management System 112

Section 9 Housing and Clothing Hygiene 112
1) Housing conditions 112
2) Ventilation 113
3) Mining and Lighting 113
4) Indoor temperature control 114
5) Clothing hygiene 114

Section 10 Sanitary Pest Management 116
1) Sanitary pest 116
2) Ecology of Sanitary Pests 117
3) Pesticide 118

Section 11 Disinfection 119
1) Understanding Disinfection 119
2) Things to consider when deciding on a disinfection method 119
3) Factors affecting disinfection 120
4) Disinfection method 120
5) Principles of action and characteristics of disinfectants 120
6) Conditions for preparing disinfectants 120
7) Types of disinfectants 121
8) Disinfection method according to the object to be disinfected 122

Chapter 2.
Environmental Conservation / 123
Section 1 Environmental Pollution 123
1) Concept and Characteristics of Environmental Pollution 123
2) Factors causing environmental pollution 123
3) 124 Cases of Environmental Pollution in History
4) Humidifier disinfectant lung damage case 124
5) International cooperation for environmental conservation 125
6) Climate Change Response and International Agreements 125

Section 2 Endocrine Disruptors 126
1) Endocrine disruptors 126
2) Types of endocrine disruptors 127
3) Mechanism of action 128
4) Impact on the ecosystem and human body 129
5) Persistent organic pollutants 129
6) Bioconcentration 129

Section 3: Significance of Air Pollution 130
1) Definition and Understanding of Air Pollution 130
2) Air Quality Conservation Act 130
3) Air pollutants 131
4) Characteristics of major air pollutants 131
5) Fine dust 132
6) Fine dust warning and management 132

Section 4 Indoor Air Pollution 135
1) Indoor air pollutants 135
2) Indoor air pollution problem 135
3) Indoor Air Quality Management Act 136

Section 5 Air Pollution and Weather Conditions 137
1) Meteorological conditions affecting air pollution 137
2) Weather changes due to the atmosphere 138

Section 6 Other Environmental Pollution 140
1) Yellow dust 140
2) Acid rain 140
3) Ozone layer destruction 141

Section 7 Air Quality Standards 142
1) Health standard 142
2) Environmental standard 142
3) Emission standards 143
4) Ringelmann concentration table 144

Section 8 Water Pollution 145
1) Understanding Water Pollution 145
2) Water pollution measurement indicator 145
3) Types of water pollution 147
4) Major water pollution incidents 149

Chapter 3 Occupational Health / 150
Section 1: The Significance of Occupational Health 150
1) Definition and Purpose of Occupational Health 150
2) Fields and History of Occupational Health 151
3) Industrial Safety and Health Act 152

Section 2 Health and Work 156
1) Working hours and intensity 156
2) Protection of women and young workers 157
3) Industrial fatigue 159

Section 3 Worker Health Examination 160
1) Purpose of worker health checkups 160
2) Types of worker health checkups 160
3) Judgment criteria after health examination 161

Section 4 Occupational Environmental Hazards and Management 162
1) Hazardous substances in the work environment 162
2) Hazardous Factors Work Environment Management Measures 163

Section 5 Industrial Accidents 165
1) Significance of industrial accidents 165
2) Characteristics of industrial accidents 165
3) Industrial Accident Indicators and Status 166
4) Industrial Accident Prevention 167
5) Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (1963) 167

Chapter 4 Occupational Diseases / 169
Section 1: The Significance of Occupational Diseases 169
1) Occupational diseases 169
2) Prevention and management of occupational diseases 170

Section 2 Occupational Diseases Caused by Physical Hazards 171
1) Noise 171
2) Vibration 172
3) High temperature exposure 173
4) Low temperature exposure 174

Section 3 Dust-Related Occupational Diseases 175
1) Definition and types of dust 175
2) Pneumoconiosis 175

Section 4 Occupational Diseases Related to Chemical Hazards 178
1) Hazardous metals 178
2) Organic solvent 179
3) Harmful gases 180

Chapter 5.
Food Hygiene / 182
Section 1: Significance of Food Hygiene 182
1) Definition of food hygiene 182
2) Food hygiene management HACCP 183

Section 2 Preservation of Food 185
1) Food and Health 185
2) Hygienic food storage methods 186

Section 3 Food Poisoning 188
1) Concept of food poisoning 188
2) Classification of food poisoning 189
3) Bacterial food poisoning 189
4) Natural food poisoning 190
5) Chemical food poisoning 190
6) Differences between bacterial food poisoning and digestive system infections 190
7) Food Poisoning Prevention and Management 190

Section 4 Food Additives 191
1) Overview of Food Additives 191
2) Types of food additives 192

Chapter 6.
Health and Nutrition / 194
Section 1: The Significance of Health and Nutrition 194
1) Concept of Health and Nutrition 194
2) The Importance of National Nutrition 194

Section 2 Nutrition and Nutrients 196
1) Types and functions of nutrients 196
2) Major nutrients 196

Section 3 Energy Metabolism and Nutritional Status Assessment 200
1) Energy metabolism 200
2) Korea's nutritional intake standard 200
3) Nutritional status assessment 201
4) Nutritional status assessment method based on body measurements 201

PART III EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL
Chapter 1.
Epidemiology / 205
Section 1: Epidemiology 205
1) Definition and Concept of Dynamics 205
2) Area of ​​Dynamics 207
3) History of Mechanics 208

Section 2 Disease Outbreak Model 209
1) Mechanical Triangle 209
2) Spider web model (causal network model) 210
3) Wheel Model 210

Section 3 Causal Connection 211
1) Meaning and types of relevance 211
2) Koch's Postulates 213
3) Bradford Hill's causal judgment criteria 213
4) Advanced dynamic causal inference 213
5) Case 214 of Smoking and Lung Cancer

Section 4 Validity and Reliability 214
1) Validity of the study 214
2) Validity of measurement method 215
3) Reliability of measurement method 216

Section 5 Bias 217
1) Random errors and systematic errors 217
2) Selection bias 218
3) Information Bias 219
4) Disturbance bias 220

Section 6: Epidemiology Research Methodology, Technological Epidemiology 220
1) Overview of epidemiological research methods 220
2) Key variables in technological dynamics 221
3) Research Methods in Technological Dynamics 222

Section 7: Epidemiology Research Methodology Analytical Epidemiology 224
1) Cross-sectional study 224
2) Case-control study 225
3) Cohort study 226

Section 8 Other Research Methodologies 230
1) Experimental Mechanics Research 230
2) Theoretical Mechanics 231
3) Meta-analysis 231
4) Operational Epidemiology (Health Business Evaluation Research) 232
5) Immigrant Studies 232

Section 9: Epidemiology and Epidemic Investigation of Infectious Diseases 233
1) Herd immunity 233
2) Reproductive number: 233
3) Infectious disease outbreak investigation 234
4) Basic steps of trend research 235

Chapter 2.
Health Statistics / 236
Section 1: The Significance of Health Statistics 236
1) Concept of Health Statistics 236
2) Conditions and scope of use of health statistics 237

Section 2 Health Statistics Survey Methods 238
1) Health Statistics Survey Method 238
2) Sampling method 239

Section 3 Health Statistics 240
1) Measurement scale 240
2) Representative value 241
3) Scatterplot 241
4) Data Representation 242
5) Normal distribution 242
6) Correlation and Regression Analysis 242

Section 4 Health Statistics Data Source 243
1) Data type 243
2) Source 243
3) National Health Survey 244
4) Subjective health indicators and mental illness/cognitive ability measurement tools 245
5) Classification of diseases and causes of death 247

Section 5 Statistics Required for Hospital Operations 247
1) Hospitalization rate 247
2) Average length of stay: 247
3) Bed occupancy rate: 248
4) Bed turnover rate 248

Chapter 3.
Management of Infectious Diseases / 249
Section 1: The Concept of Infectious Diseases 249
1) Definition of Terms 249
2) 250 cases of new infectious disease outbreaks
3) Evolution of theories on the origin of infectious diseases 251
4) Epidemics of infectious diseases 252

Section 2: The Origin of Infectious Diseases 253
1) The six-step chain of infectious diseases 253
2) Type of pathogen 253
3) Infectiousness indicator of pathogen 254
4) Pathogen host infection characteristics and infectious disease management 255
5) Radio 261
6) Infectious diseases by infection route 263
7) Susceptible host 263
8) Host susceptibility and immunity 264
9) Immunity 264
9) Infectious diseases related to immunity 266
10) Mathematical Model of Herd Immunity 266

Section 3 Infectious Disease Outbreak Surveillance and Epidemiological Investigation 268
1) Operation of the infectious disease surveillance system 268
2) Infectious disease crisis response 268
3) Management of new infectious diseases 269
4) Epidemiological investigation of infectious disease outbreaks 270
5) Trend Survey Order 270
6) Infectious disease epidemic type 270

Section 4 General Management of Infectious Diseases 271
1) General management methods 271
2) Detailed management contents 272
3) Vaccination to enhance host immunity 282

Section 5 Management of Acute Infectious Diseases 286
1) Mechanical properties 286
2) Classification of acute infectious diseases 286
3) Major acute infectious diseases 288
4) Prevention and management of infectious diseases 292

Section 6 Management of Chronic Infectious Diseases 299
1) Tuberculosis 299
2) Hansen's disease 301
3) Sexually transmitted diseases 302
4) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 302
5) Trachoma 303
6) Hepatitis 303

Chapter 4.
Management of Parasitic Diseases / 306
Section 1: Concept of Parasitic Diseases 306
1) Definition of Parasite 306
2) Causes of parasitic diseases 306
3) Characteristics of the occurrence of parasitic diseases in Korea 307
4) Human infection routes of parasitic diseases 307
5) Diagnosis of parasitic diseases 307
6) Classification of parasites 308

Section 2 Types of Parasitic Diseases 309
1) Nematodes 309
2) Trematodes 311
3) Parasites 312
4) Protozoa 312

Section 3 Management and Trends of Parasitic Diseases 313
1) Administrative Management 313
2) Trends in parasitic infections 314

Chapter 5.
Chronic Disease Management / 315
Section 1: The Concept of Chronic Disease 315
1) Characteristics of chronic diseases 315
2) Epidemiological characteristics of chronic diseases 316

Section 2 Types of Chronic Diseases 318
1) Overview of Malignant Neoplasms (Cancer) 318
2) Circulatory system diseases 320
3) Cerebrovascular disease 322
4) Heart disease 323
5) Arteriosclerosis 324
6) Diabetes 324
7) Preventive measures for chronic diseases 325

PART IV HEALTH ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
Chapter 1.
Health Administration / 329
Section 1: The Significance of Health Administration 329
1) Definition of Health Administration 329
2) Core Concepts of Health Administration 329
3) Goals of Health Administration 330
4) Characteristics of Health Administration 330
5) Key contents of health administration 331
6) Differences between health administration and general administration 331
7) Scope of health administration as defined by WHO 332
8) Pros and Cons of Central Government-Centred Health Administration 334
9) The Need for Health Administration 335
10) Characteristics of Health Administration 336

Section 2 Principles of Health Administration 337
1) Administrative Overview 337
2) Principles, necessity, and planning techniques of planning 340
3) Organization 342
4) Other administrative elements 343

Section 3 Korean Health Administration 344
1) Three Kingdoms Period (~935 AD) 344
2) Goryeo Dynasty (936-1392) 345
3) Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) 345
4) The Japan-Korea Annexation Period (1910-1945) 346
5) After the liberation on August 15, the US military government period (1945-1948) 346
6) Since the establishment of the Republic of Korea government (1948 - present) 346

Section 4: Our country's health administration system 347
1) Dual structure 347
2) Central Health Administration 348
3) Local health administration 348
4) Central Health Administration Organization 349
5) Ministry of Health and Welfare Fund 353
6) Central government and local health administration organizations 358
7) Establishment of local health care institutions 360
8) Public Health Center 360
9) International Health Organization 361

Chapter 2.
Social Security / 363
Section 1 Understanding Social Security 363
1) Definition of social security 363
2) Characteristics of Social Security 364

Section 2: History of Social Security 366
1) UK 366
2) Germany 367
3) US 367
4) Our country 368

Section 3 Types of Social Security 368
1) Social Insurance 368
2) Five major social insurances 371
3) Public assistance 373

Section 4 Health Insurance 376
1) Understanding Health Insurance 376
2) Types of health insurance systems 377
3) Medical care provision type 379

Section 5 Our country's health insurance system 382
1) National Health Insurance System 382
2) Medical Aid System 383

Section 6 Health Care System 385
1) Health care system subcomponents 385
2) OECD Health Care System Type 388
3) Roemer's Health Care System Types (1976) 388
4) Roemer's Health Care System Types (1991) 388
5) Medical Use Behavior 389
6) National medical expenses 389

Chapter 3.
Population Health/ 391
Section 1 Understanding Population 391
1) The concept of population 391
2) Demography 392
3) Demographic classification 394
4) Population growth 395
5) Types of population structure (population pyramids) 395

Section 2 Population Composition and Statistics 397
1) Population composition 397
2) Demographics 400

Section 3 Population Issues and Population Policy 402
1) Population Growth and Health 402
2) Population Policy 403

Chapter 4.
Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning / 406
Section 1: Concept of Maternal and Child Health 406
1) Definition 406
2) The Importance of Maternal and Child Health 407
3) Maternal and Child Health Goal 407
4) Contents of the maternal and child health project 408
5) Key terms for maternal and child health 408

Section 2 Maternal Health Project 410
1) Maternal Health Project 410
2) Infant and Toddler Health Care 411
3) Major diseases and deaths of mothers 413

Section 3 Maternal and Child Health Indicators 416
1) Birth index 416
2) Death index 417

Section 4 Family Planning 419
1) Family Planning 419
2) Contraception 421
3) Abortion surgery 422

Chapter 5.
School Health and Health Education / 423
Section 1 School Health 423
1) Concept of school health 423
2) School Health Target 423
3) Purpose of school health 424
4) The Importance of School Health 424
5) School Health Project Model 424

Section 2 Health Education 426
1) Definition and Purpose of Health Education 426
2) Scope of health education 426
3) Health education planning and implementation 427
4) Health Education Methods 428
5) Teaching techniques 429
6) Health Education Evaluation 429

Chapter 6.
Elderly Health and Mental Health / 431
Section 1 Elderly Health 431
1) Concept of geriatric health 431
2) Old Age and Health 433
3) Health status assessment of the elderly 434

Section 2 Elderly Health Project 435
1) Long-term care insurance system for the elderly 435
2) Article 435 of the Long-Term Care Insurance for the Elderly Act
3) Elderly welfare facilities and dementia management 439

Section 3 Mental Health 443
1) Concept of Mental Health 443
2) History of Mental Health 445
3) Mental health project 445

preface

In modern society, health is recognized as a core value that goes beyond simply being the absence of disease and encompasses an individual's quality of life and social well-being.
Public health is an important academic discipline that creates and supports an environment where all members of a community can lead healthy lives based on this concept of health.
Beginning with the Marcel Lalonde report in 1974, the health promotion paradigm shifted from a treatment-focused approach to a prevention-focused approach and then to a holistic approach, while the Ottawa Declaration in 1986 further emphasized the active efforts of individuals to promote their health.
In line with this international trend, Korea enacted the National Health Promotion Act in 1995 and has been making steady efforts to extend healthy life expectancy and enhance health equity through the 5th Comprehensive National Health Promotion Plan (HP2030), which began implementation in 2021.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared health as a fundamental right of all humanity, and the Constitution of the Republic of Korea also stipulates the protection of the health of its citizens.
Against this backdrop, public health has established itself as a core discipline that determines the health levels of nations and communities, providing an essential knowledge base for health care professionals.

This textbook, "Public Health with AI," is designed to systematically cover everything from core theories to the latest trends in public health, based on this importance.
In particular, it focuses on fostering a deeper understanding of the rapidly changing healthcare environment, driven by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and fostering the capabilities needed as future public health professionals.

Each unit covers a wide range of topics, including public health, environmental hygiene, epidemiology and disease control, and health administration and management, based on the "three-factor theory," the fundamental principle of disease outbreak.
Additionally, each part is divided into detailed chapters, designed to help learners understand the content more easily and efficiently, and summarizes and emphasizes the core contents of public health necessary for students preparing for the national exam.

We hope that "Public Health with AI" will serve as a reliable guide for all those studying public health, contributing to the acquisition of essential knowledge and the creation of a healthy society.
Furthermore, we hope that this will help us envision and prepare for the future of public health, which will advance further through convergence with artificial intelligence technology.

Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the professors who provided guidance and assistance during the writing of this textbook.
I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to the publisher, including CEO Kim Young-hwan of Koryo Medicine, who decided to publish the book and provided support, and to Managing Director Lee Chang-yong, who worked tirelessly to bring the book to publication.

2025.
08.
Author representative