A Revolutionary Discourse on Success: Deep Insights That Overturn Myths
Prologue | The Mystery of Roseto

Part 1: Opportunity

Chapter 1: The Matthew Effect
“For to everyone who has, more will be given, and they will have abundance; but from the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away.”
How to Succeed as Mr. Hockey | Throwing Rocks at the Rules | The Iron Laws That Rule Canadian Hockey | The Correlation Between Early Birthdays and Hockey | The Deadly Effect of Cumulative Advantage | The Privilege of Being the Biggest Kid in Your Peer

Chapter 2: The 10,000-Hour Rule
“We had to play eight hours a day in Hamburg.”
From Dumb Student to Genius Programmer | The Magic Number to Become a True Outlier | Evidence #1: Bill Joy's All-Night Programming Memories | Evidence #2: The Beatles, the Secret to a Differentiated Band | Evidence #3: Lady Luck Shoots Bill Gates | Special Opportunities and the Timing of the Rich

Chapter 3: Geniuses in Crisis
“A boy's high IQ is of little help when he meets a lot of other bright boys.”
The Dilemma of the Smartest Man in America | The Future of the Child Genius Group | The Counterintuitive Correlation Between Intelligence and Success | Where Has the Lost Imagination Gone? | Genius Exists, Only in Dreams

Chapter 4: The Crucial Differences Between Langan and Oppenheimer
“After lengthy negotiations, Oppenheimer’s suspension was decided.”
The Story of Langan's Disastrous Childhood | The Ability to Recognize Talent and Insight | Practical Intelligence: The Human Requirement Society Loves | Oppenheimer, the Greatest Beneficiary of Intensive Parenting | The Record of 730 Termites: The Disaster of Family Environment | The Ultimate Paradox of Genius

Chapter 5: Three Lessons from Joseph Flom
“Mary only received 25 cents.”
Success in dire poverty, a common story | The importance of environment, there is no such thing as free success | The terribly unequal reality and a star lawyer | The world has changed, and opportunity has arrived | The best time for Jews to work as lawyers in New York | Statistics of the Great Depression | The magical timing that determines success | “Honey, this is our business” | The unique technology that overwhelmed the new world | Can I change the world as I want? | The most elegant and impressive family tree | A powerful combination of environment and opportunity

Part 2: Legacy

Chapter 6: The Mystery of Harlan, Kentucky
“Die like a man, like your brother!”
A bloody shootout between two families | Dark days steeped in a culture of honor | How violence responds to insult | The power of cultural heritage that survives extinction

Chapter 7: The Cultural Secrets of Plane Crashes
“Today, I’m seeing a lot of good things thanks to the weather radar.”
What Happened That Summer in Guam | The Secret of the Avianca Flight 52 Crash | The Cockpit: A Silence of Desperate Silence | Communication That Makes the Difference Between Life and Death | Between Casual Speech and Emergency | The Battle Against Euphemisms | Structural Issues More Important Than Mistakes | The Link Between Cultural Traits and Crashes | Breakdowns, Weather, and Tiredness | Discovering More Than Three Factors | The Path from Failure to Success | Go Around Again

Chapter 8: Why Asians Are Better at Math
“If I could wake up before sunrise all year round, how could I not be rich?”
Rice is Life | The Secret to Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Mathematical Abilities | Rice Farmers Work 3,000 Hours a Year | Is Diligence a Must for Rice Farmers? | The Process of Learning Math | Attitude Matters More Than Talent | The Surprising Correlation Between Rice Farming Culture and Mathematical Ability

Chapter 9: A Surprising Opportunity for Marita
“All the friends I meet now are Keef kids.”
New York's beloved public schools | Should hard work and rest go hand in hand? | The downsides of long summer vacations and the lessons of rice farming culture | A child who cried over math is majoring in accounting? | Inside the unglamorous everyday life | Dreaming of Marita's miracle in the 21st century

Epilogue | Stories from Jamaica
Translator's Note | The Small Difference That Separates the Ordinary from the Extraordinary
References
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A groundbreaking book that immediately created an “outlier” sensation around the world upon its publication!
The success laws revealed by Malcolm Gladwell are still valid!

Throughout history, we have admired and admired the individual qualities of intelligence, talent, passion, and hard work that have enabled people to achieve extraordinary success beyond the scope of ordinary people.
Malcolm Gladwell, a world-renowned journalist who was selected as one of the "10 most influential business thinkers" by the Wall Street Journal in 2008 and as one of the "100 most influential people" by Time magazine in 2005, argues in his book "Outliers" that success is greatly influenced not only by personal characteristics but also by the surrounding environment, cultural heritage, and temporal and spatial opportunities.


The dictionary definition of 'outlier' is 'an object separated or classified separately from the main body' or 'a statistical observation that is clearly distinguished from other objects in a sample'.
Malcolm Gladwell expands the meaning of the word to refer to 'people who have achieved success beyond the scope of ordinary people' and 'people who have discovered opportunities for success and made them their own' as outliers.
As an outlier himself, Gladwell has turned conventional wisdom on its head.


Many changes have occurred in the 10 years since the Korean version was published.
Rather than blaming individuals for their misfortunes, we now recognize that the inadequacies of the social safety net are problematic, and that individual success is also possible through resources that society, knowingly or unknowingly, provides.
It didn't take long for Malcolm Gladwell's analysis of the secrets of success, which he explored in terms of two aspects beyond individual characteristics: "special opportunities" and "cultural heritage," to become a well-known rule, going beyond a whirlwind.


In his book, he redefines the relationship between innate qualities and acquired learning, adding weight to the argument that the time, place, and resources available to individuals and groups are crucial factors in determining their success or failure.
Gladwell's argument is most compelling when discussing individuals or small, easily defined groups.
He explains why most of Canada's star hockey players are born in January, February and March.
It also reveals why most of the pioneers who developed computer hardware and software in the United States were born in the 1950s.


"Special opportunities" and "historical and cultural heritage" that transcend individual talent, intelligence, effort, and passion.

While it's nice to have natural talent, it's not enough to achieve success.
Timing is a crucial factor, as many people born in the 1830s are wealthy, and many people born in the 1950s led the computer industry.

Among Canada's elite hockey players, many were born early in the year.
Why is there such a disproportionately high proportion of players born early in the year, especially in the first quarter? Because youth hockey leagues divide players by January 1st, children born on January 1st end up playing in the same league as those born on December 31st.
It's no surprise that children born a few months earlier are developmentally ahead of their time.
As a result, children who are more developed are selected, receive more additional training, and ultimately have a higher chance of developing into elite league players.


Books about Bill Gates focus on his personal qualities and special abilities.
Gladwell provides an expanded analysis by focusing on the opportunities they enjoyed.
Bill Gates attended an elite private school in Seattle, where the school's parents' association was fortunate enough to install a time-sharing computer terminal, something most people had never heard of at the time.
If Bill Gates had gone to a different high school, today's computer industry would be dramatically different.
In their early days, the Beatles had to practice for more than eight hours every day at clubs.
It gave them the opportunity to practice continuously and repeatedly and try new ways of playing.
By 1964, when they achieved their first success, they had practiced for over ten years, totaling approximately 10,000 hours.


Malcolm Gladwell defines this phenomenon as the '10,000-hour rule'.
Bill Gates also started programming using a shared terminal in 1968 and dedicated 10,000 hours to it before founding Microsoft.
The point is, success is surprisingly complex.
While innate talent is required, overcoming the many barriers to success requires more and a tremendous amount of luck.
The value of this book lies in the fact that it allows us to look at the world a little more deeply and more carefully than we have done so far.

Other axes of success include 'historical factors and cultural heritage.'

The 1997 Korean Air Guam crash showed that 'euphemisms', which are used to indirectly address superiors in the name of being polite, can be a major risk factor in an airplane cockpit where life and death can be determined by 'every second' of judgment.
While some aspects of our culture have had a negative impact on our ability to perform the modern task of piloting an airplane, we also have a cultural legacy that is invaluable for living in the 21st century.


Thanks to our 'rice farming culture', we have become better at math than Westerners.
Among the success stories Gladwell found, none achieved results without working harder than their peers.
Before their great fortunes struck, Bill Gates was addicted to computers and the Beatles were practice bugs living in Hamburg.
All successful people work hard.
Working in a rice paddy is more than ten times more labor-intensive than working in a wheat field of the same size.
The descendants of farmers who wake up before sunrise and work 3,000 hours a year are the earliest to enter the library and the last to study.
The greatest strength of the culture formed through rice farming is that it finds value even in the midst of difficult work.


Especially in mathematics, the short word length when reading numbers (one, two, three, four, five, etc.) has been added to the language characteristics, which has improved the memory of numbers, giving Asians the best achievements.
Gladwell proves that the cultural heritage of the 'social environment' can be a major factor in leading to miraculous success in the 21st century.

The best business textbook of our time, revealing the secrets of success and wealth for the top 1%!
The true outlier is not the individual, but the culture!

Professor Choi In-cheol of the Department of Psychology at Seoul National University summarized the challenges and messages that “Outliers” poses to Korean society as follows:


First, we demonstrate that we too can become 'outliers' and offer concrete ways to achieve this.
Anyone can become an outlier if they put in at least 10,000 hours of effort in their field.
10,000 hours may not seem like much, but assuming you practice for 3 hours every day without fail, it's a huge amount of time that would take 10 years to invest.
Only after 10,000 hours of effort does our brain reach its optimal state.
Gladwell argues that we are trapped by false myths about success.
It is the myth that the best and brightest rise to the top.
So when we talk about outliers—people who have achieved success outside the realm of ordinary people—we're most curious about their intelligence.
According to this myth, society measures people's IQ and selects and discriminates them based on it.
But according to Gladwell, the number one factor needed to become an outlier is not genius talent, but relentless effort, the so-called "10,000-hour rule."

Second, CEOs who run businesses are required to give their employees sufficient time to develop their talents and potential, and parents who raise children are required to give their children sufficient time to develop their talents and potential.
Rather than judging their chances of success based on short-term results, we urge them to give themselves the opportunity to put in 10,000 hours of effort and wait.
If they find fulfillment, value, fun, and meaning in their work or studies, and invest 10,000 hours, they will surely become 21st-century outliers who produce the expected results.

Finally, "Outliers" urges Korean society not to blindly wait for a genius to achieve Nobel Prize-winning achievements, but to provide the cultural heritage and opportunities that can create such outliers.
Rather than simply dreaming of the emergence of outliers, we must demand that Korean society itself become an outlier.
Because the true outlier is not the individual, but the culture.