We explore the technological innovations that expand human capabilities through the convergence of BCI and AI, as well as the ethical issues that arise from them.
While technology is transforming human mental experiences and the treatment of neurological disorders, it also raises ethical issues such as autonomy, identity, and privacy. This paper examines the impact of the convergence of AI and BCI on human society and emphasizes the need for social consensus and institutional preparation.

The most common method currently is using noninvasive EEG.
Invasive electrodes can be placed within the cerebral cortex to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and pinpoint the precise location of brain activity in ECoG.
Most BCIs translate signals into effector commands, but some experimental BCIs incorporate new technologies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate specific brain regions.
The applications of neural interfaces are diverse and innovative. The anticipated applications of BCIs, as they progress from the research and development phase to early clinical applications, focus on restoring impaired neural function. BCIs are expected to treat conditions such as spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and stroke.
Recently, BCI has been applied to predict seizures in patients with epilepsy.
--- From "01_Basics of BCI: New Horizons in Human-Machine Connection"

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS have long plagued millions of patients and their families worldwide.
These conditions significantly reduce the quality of daily life.
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing due to the aging of the global population, which suggests a pressing need for the development of more effective treatments.
Amidst continuous advancements in medicine and biotechnology, BCI technology is emerging as a key approach to addressing neurodegenerative diseases. The core of BCI lies in directly recording and decoding brain activity to restore, replace, or enhance damaged central nervous system (CNS) functions.
The uniqueness of this technology lies not only in providing an interface for interaction with external devices, but also in opening up new possibilities for neurorehabilitation and therapeutic interventions.
--- From "03_BCI and Medicine: Technology that Turns Hope into Reality"

In particular, unauthorized access or data leakage can lead to serious problems, such as psychological manipulation, identity theft, and discriminatory treatment, through the exploitation of individual brainwave data. The data generated by BCI systems is highly sensitive information that can form an individual's neurological profile.
If this data is leaked to the outside, there is a risk that the user's thoughts, feelings, and intentions may be interpreted or manipulated without permission.
For this reason, thorough protection throughout the entire data collection, storage, transmission, and processing process is essential for the safe use of BCI technology.
Additionally, thorough encryption and unauthorized access prevention mechanisms are required for the collection and use of BCI data.
--- From "06_BCI and Personal Information Protection: Security of Brain Data"

Consequently, AI ethics in the BCI era must build on existing ethical principles, but be expanded and redefined to fit the new paradigm of BCI. AI ethics in the BCI era should aim to find a balance between maximizing technological benefits and protecting human dignity and rights.

--- From "09_BCI Technology's Future: Changing Values ​​and Ethical Challenges"