{"product_id":"140748","title":"ignorant teacher ","description":"\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/tmgdisk01.cafe24.com\/images\/vs\/4172\/sv\/WQtVOREtO92z51KKpVzg4x.png?v=1764956164\" style=\"max-width:100%;max-height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%\"\u003e\n\n \u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center;font-size:30px;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em\"\u003eignorant teacher \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-color:;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\u003ctbody style=\"border:0px\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-size:18px;color:black;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/goods\/147035096\/XL\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;{split_style6}padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e Description \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;word-break:break-all;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eBook Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003e“Anyone who wants to believe in the equality of intellectual capacity of all human beings\u003cbr\u003e “You must read this book by Jacques Rancière.”\u003cbr\u003e - Jin Eun-young (poet)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “George Orwell once said that imagination is like a wild animal; if you keep it in captivity, it won’t reproduce.\u003cbr\u003e This is true not only of imagination but also of human intellectual abilities, called reason or intelligence.\u003cbr\u003e This book follows the educational adventures of 19th-century educational philosopher Joseph Jacotot, demonstrating that human intellectual capacity cannot be fully realized as long as it is confined to a hierarchy of intelligence that divides the superior from the inferior.\u003cbr\u003e Those who cannot learn anything without the guidance and explanation of a teacher, an authority, or a superior, lack the courage to use their own intelligence in the midst of self-doubt.\u003cbr\u003e Such a person is mired in a swamp of self-deprecation, believing himself to be inferior.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eRacine is said to have read Euripides and Virgil over and over again in search of great expressions, and I return to this book whenever I feel the desire to be a good artist, a kind teacher, or a free man.\u003cbr\u003e 'I am more authoritative, I am more expert, I am the one who leads.\u003cbr\u003e \"So keep your mouth shut and do as I say.' This book reveals how close the rhetoric of neutralizing the will of others is to war and oppression! Anyone tired of inequality and hierarchy, anyone suffering from self-doubt and misanthropy, anyone dreaming of a world where students, juniors, and subordinates aren't told what a novice like you can do alone, anyone who wants to believe in the equality of intellectual capacity of all humans must read this book by Jacques Rancière.\" - Jin Eun-young (poet)\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e You can preview some of the book's contents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePreview\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eindex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e Note\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 1: An Intellectual Adventure\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Order of the explainer\u003cbr\u003e Chance and will\u003cbr\u003e The liberating teacher\u003cbr\u003e Link of Competence\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 2: Lessons from the Ignorant\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Island of Books\u003cbr\u003e Calypso and the Locksmith\u003cbr\u003e The Teacher and Socrates\u003cbr\u003e The power of ignorance\u003cbr\u003e Each person's job\u003cbr\u003e The Blind Man and His Dog\u003cbr\u003e The whole is within the whole\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Reason\/Reason of Equals\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Brain and Leaves\u003cbr\u003e careful animals\u003cbr\u003e The will to be served by intelligence\u003cbr\u003e The principle of truthfulness\u003cbr\u003e Reason and language\u003cbr\u003e Yeah, I'm angry too!\u003cbr\u003e Lessons from the poets\u003cbr\u003e community of equals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 4: A Society of Ignorance\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Law of Gravity\u003cbr\u003e Passion for inequality\u003cbr\u003e Investigative madness\u003cbr\u003e Superior inferiors\u003cbr\u003e The Iron King and the People's Sovereign\u003cbr\u003e How can I talk nonsense rationally?\u003cbr\u003e Words spoken on the Aventine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 5: The Liberator and His Monkey\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e How to liberate and social methods\u003cbr\u003e Human liberation and people's leadership\u003cbr\u003e progressive people\u003cbr\u003e Sheep and humans\u003cbr\u003e The Progressives' Link\u003cbr\u003e Above the heads of the people\u003cbr\u003e Old-fashioned victory \u003cbr\u003eA society treated like a child\u003cbr\u003e Pankastic's skits\u003cbr\u003e Tomb of Liberation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e On the publication of the revised edition\u003cbr\u003e Translator's Note\u003cbr\u003e Search\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eInto the book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e This was the revolution that a chance experiment brought about in Jacotot's mind.\u003cbr\u003e Until then, he believed as all sincere teachers do:\u003cbr\u003e The main task of a teacher is to impart his knowledge to his students and gradually raise them toward his own level of learning.\u003cbr\u003e Jacotot, like other teachers, knew that the point was not to cram knowledge into students and have them repeat it like parrots.\u003cbr\u003e I also found it important to help students avoid the path of chance.\u003cbr\u003e Minds that cannot yet distinguish between the important and the secondary, the principle and the conclusion, are lost in the path of chance. \u003cbr\u003eIn short, the essential act of the teacher was to explain, to draw out simple elements from knowledge, and to reconcile the simple principles of knowledge with the simple facts which characterize the young and ignorant mind.\u003cbr\u003e To teach was to impart knowledge, and at the same time to shape the mind by leading it from the simplest to the most complex in a well-organized, progressive sequence; and the two were truly one and the same movement.\u003cbr\u003e By formalizing knowledge in this way and forming judgments and tastes, the student grows to the height required of him by social use.\u003cbr\u003e And the student prepares to use it [knowledge, judgment, taste] for its intended purpose.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.12~13\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The revelation that captivated Joseph Jacotot resulted in the following:\u003cbr\u003e The logic of the system that the explainer has to be overturned. \u003cbr\u003eAn explanation is not always necessary to correct an inability to understand.\u003cbr\u003e On the contrary, this incompetence is a fiction created by the explainer's worldview.\u003cbr\u003e It is the explainer who needs the incompetent, not the other way around.\u003cbr\u003e That is, the explainer constitutes the incompetent as incompetent.\u003cbr\u003e To explain something to someone is first to prove to them that they cannot understand it on their own.\u003cbr\u003e Explanation is a myth created by pedagogy before it is an act of educator.\u003cbr\u003e It is an allegory of a world divided into the educated and the ignorant, the mature and the immature, the competent and the incompetent, the intelligent and the foolish.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.19\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e These are in fact the two fundamental actions of a master.\u003cbr\u003e The teacher asks a question.\u003cbr\u003e He commands the horse.\u003cbr\u003e In other words, it commands the manifestation of intelligence, whether one is ignorant of oneself or has given up on oneself. \u003cbr\u003eHe verifies that what this intelligence does is done carefully, and that it is not just something that is picked up and swallowed haphazardly to avoid coercion.\u003cbr\u003e Should we say that we need a more skilled and knowledgeable teacher? On the contrary, a knowledgeable teacher is likely to ruin the method due to his own erudition.\u003cbr\u003e A knowledgeable teacher knows the answers, and his questions naturally lead the student to them.\u003cbr\u003e This is the secret of the great masters.\u003cbr\u003e Through questions, they carefully guide the student's intelligence.\u003cbr\u003e Carefully enough to allow the student's intelligence to function, but not so carefully that it is left alone.\u003cbr\u003e There is a sleeping Socrates within each of the explainers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.64\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Of course, it is far from creating a masterpiece. \u003cbr\u003eEven visitors who highly value the literary compositions written by Jacotot's students often express discomfort when confronted with the students' drawings and paintings.\u003cbr\u003e But what's important is not creating great painters, but creating liberated people, people who can say, \"Yes, I'm a painter too.\"\u003cbr\u003e There is no arrogance in that formula.\u003cbr\u003e On the contrary, there is a legitimate sense of power that all rational beings possess.\u003cbr\u003e There is no arrogance in saying out loud, “Yes, I am angry too!”\u003cbr\u003e Arrogance lies in quietly telling others that neither you nor I are painters.” Yes, I am a painter, I have a soul, I feel like I can communicate with others like myself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.131\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e So, the task for Joseph Jacotot's disciples is simple. \u003cbr\u003eWe must inform everyone, everywhere, of something new or beneficial—we can teach what we don't know.\u003cbr\u003e Then the poor and ignorant father will be able to guide his children.\u003cbr\u003e This map should give you the principles.\u003cbr\u003e I have to learn something.\u003cbr\u003e And it must be related to everything else according to the principle that all intelligences are equal.\u003cbr\u003e We must participate in making the principle known and proving it.\u003cbr\u003e Talk to the poor, make him tell who he is and what he knows.\u003cbr\u003e To show how he can guide his children.\u003cbr\u003e Transcribe the prayers your child memorizes.\u003cbr\u003e Give your child The Adventures of Telemachus and have him memorize the first chapter of the book.\u003cbr\u003e To respond to the requests of those who wish to learn from the Master of the Universal Teachings what the Master does not know. \u003cbr\u003eFinally, to use every means to convince the ignorant that he too has power.\u003cbr\u003e One of my students from Grenoble was having trouble persuading a poor, elderly woman to learn to read and write.\u003cbr\u003e He paid money to get the woman's consent.\u003cbr\u003e In five months she learned to read and write.\u003cbr\u003e And now she frees her grandchildren.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e --- p.189~190\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003ePublisher's Review\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eThe myth of education divides intelligence into inferior and superior intelligence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The fundamental ‘inequality’ that educational logic presupposes\u003cbr\u003e The 'agreement' of those who are ignorant about it is\u003cbr\u003e It becomes an obstacle to exercising intellectual abilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The problem of education is a philosophical and political problem of equality of intellectual ability.\u003cbr\u003e Rancière's intellectual adventure of moving thought!\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eJacques Rancière's \"The Ignorant Teacher,\" published in 2008 and consistently loved by many readers for reminding them of the true meaning of education, returns to readers with a new cover after 17 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The book begins with Joseph Jacotot, who was forced to go into exile in the Netherlands after the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty following the French Revolution, becoming a foreign lecturer in French literature at the University of Louvain in 1818 and teaching students.\u003cbr\u003e The students didn't know French, and Jacotot didn't know Dutch.\u003cbr\u003e He introduced the recently published French-Dutch edition of Fénelon's The Adventures of Telemachus and urged people to use this book to learn the French text.\u003cbr\u003e He didn't explain to his students even the most basic French, not even spelling or verb conjugation. \u003cbr\u003eStudents independently figured out the French equivalents of the words they knew and how those words changed their endings.\u003cbr\u003e This experiment, which started by chance, exceeded expectations.\u003cbr\u003e Jacotot asked his students to write in French what they thought about what they had read.\u003cbr\u003e Surprisingly, the students' French proficiency was almost at the writer's level.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Through this experiment, Jacotot made the following facts clear:\u003cbr\u003e If we liberate the student, that is, if we allow him to use his unique intelligence, we can teach him what we do not know.\u003cbr\u003e A teacher is someone who confines intelligence within arbitrary chains.\u003cbr\u003e To liberate the ignorant, one must liberate oneself.\u003cbr\u003e In other words, we must realize the true power of the human spirit.\u003cbr\u003e Jacotot called his method of learning 'universal teaching'. \u003cbr\u003eAfter hearing about Jacotot's class, many students flocked from all over the country to see him.\u003cbr\u003e There has been a lot of debate about his methods over the years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Why did Jacques Rancière, one of Althusser's disciples and a leading figure in French philosophy, mention this 1818 story first in his 1987 book, \"The Ignorant Teacher\"? It has to do with the situation in France at the time the book was published.\u003cbr\u003e If we look at it, in 1981, François Mitterrand, a member of the Socialist Party, became president.\u003cbr\u003e Sabari, who was appointed Minister of Education at the time, believed that the distinction of high culture, which the ruling class enjoyed as a privilege, was operating from schools, and that symbolic violence was reproduced from there.\u003cbr\u003e To solve this problem, he said, holistic education is necessary, an equal and harmonious atmosphere must be created within the school, and the gap in academic achievement between classes must be reduced. \u003cbr\u003eThis was a progressive, socialist-oriented educational reform plan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e However, Jean-Pierre Chevennement, who succeeded Savary as Minister of Education in 1984, had strong 'republican' tendencies.\u003cbr\u003e He advocated for strengthening basic French classes, strengthening the testing and selection system, and strengthening civic education.\u003cbr\u003e This was supported by Jean-Claude Milner's book, On School (1984).\u003cbr\u003e Milner's argument is as follows:\u003cbr\u003e The unequal relationship between teacher and student actually arouses the students' desire to learn.\u003cbr\u003e In the name of achieving equality in schools, we must not downgrade the teaching methods for children who are falling behind.\u003cbr\u003e It is important to select students who have achieved excellent results by teaching them equally.\u003cbr\u003e This is a plan based on republican elitism, the inequality of teacher and student, and the belief in the universality of knowledge.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eRancière inserts 'The Adventures of Jacotot' into this sharp debate between progressive socialists and republicans, thereby changing the very terrain of the debate.\u003cbr\u003e Through Jacotot, Rancière says that there is no difference between socialists and republicans in that they both start from real inequality and aim for the goal of equality.\u003cbr\u003e They also add that while both can indefinitely reduce inequalities in intellectual ability, they will never reach equality.\u003cbr\u003e He says that we must start from equality, that equality of intellectual ability is an axiom that must be constantly proven.\u003cbr\u003e In this way, Rancière shifts the terrain of the debate from the educational issues of France in the 1980s to the educational methods of Jacotot in the 19th century, and then to the philosophical and political issue of equality of intellectual ability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eIgnorant teacher, intellectual liberation, equality of intelligence\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eJoseph Jacotot, before his accidental experiment, believed that the most important thing a teacher could do was to impart his knowledge to his students and raise them to the same level as the teacher.\u003cbr\u003e In other words, the traditional action of a teacher is to ‘explain.’\u003cbr\u003e However, through a fortuitous experiment, Jacotot overturned the logic of the system that the explainer had.\u003cbr\u003e He called the principle of explanation the principle of 'making a fool of oneself'.\u003cbr\u003e Explanation is a myth created by pedagogy before it becomes an act of the educator, an allegory of a world divided into the educated and the ignorant, the mature and the immature, the competent and the incompetent.\u003cbr\u003e Rancière also says that Socratism is a refined form of this fool-making.\u003cbr\u003e Like all learned teachers, Socrates asks questions in order to guide. \u003cbr\u003eHowever, he emphasizes that those who wish to liberate humans must question others in a human way, not in the way of intellectuals, and that they must ask questions in order to be guided, not in order to guide.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e For example, a child may need a mentor when he or she is not strong enough willpower to continue on his or her own path.\u003cbr\u003e But this subordination is purely the subordination of one will to another.\u003cbr\u003e When subordination links one intelligence with another, it becomes foolishness.\u003cbr\u003e There are two wills and two intelligences in the act of teaching and learning.\u003cbr\u003e Their coincidence could be called fooling around.\u003cbr\u003e In Jacotot's class, the student is connected to one will (Jacotot's will) and one intelligence (the intelligence of the book).\u003cbr\u003e These two are entirely distinct. \u003cbr\u003eRancière calls the recognition and maintenance of the difference between the relationship of will and the relationship of intelligence ‘liberation.’\u003cbr\u003e Even if the will is subject to another will, it is liberation when the act of one intelligence is subject only to its own intelligence.\u003cbr\u003e The act of teaching\/learning can be produced according to four limitations that can be combined in various ways.\u003cbr\u003e Is he a liberating teacher or a foolish teacher, a knowledgeable teacher or an ignorant teacher?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Jacotot's experiment showed that the teacher's knowledge did not guide the student, nor did it prevent him from teaching what he did not know.\u003cbr\u003e Rancière paradoxically combined this ‘master’ with the word ‘ignorant’ and called it ‘the ignorant master.’\u003cbr\u003e An ignorant teacher is one who does not know what to teach his students.\u003cbr\u003e He is a teacher who becomes the cause of knowledge for others without imparting any knowledge. \u003cbr\u003eHe is a master who does not know the reasons for inequality, but who claims to adjust the means to reduce inequality.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The universal teaching proposed by Jacotot is demonstrated daily and ceaselessly in all situations where an individual must make his own knowledge which he does not have the means to ask others to explain.\u003cbr\u003e There is not a single person on earth who has not learned something on his own, without a teacher to explain it to him.\u003cbr\u003e The act of teaching and learning is not fundamentally about conveying and explaining the teacher's knowledge or learning, but rather about forcing the student's intelligence to work tirelessly.\u003cbr\u003e The teacher's will compels the student's will, but does not nullify it.\u003cbr\u003e In the semi-authoritarian authority that the teacher has over the student, the student does not submit his intelligence to the teacher's intelligence, but instead autonomously wrestles with the intelligence of the book. \u003cbr\u003eThe teacher becomes the cause of the student's knowledge by commanding the student to continue seeking what he has been seeking.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, the teacher's will and the student's will are related, and the student's intelligence and the book's intelligence are related.\u003cbr\u003e Rancière says that this separation of the relationship between will and intelligence is the starting point of ‘intellectual liberation.’\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The ignorant teacher proposes intellectual liberation in a provocative way, and says that in order to argue for it, one must start with the opinion or axiom of the equality of intelligence.\u003cbr\u003e What Rancière considers most important here is the idea of ​​equality.\u003cbr\u003e He says that the point today is not to ask who or what the ignorant master is, or to contrast the self-taught method of intellectual liberation of the individual with institutional education. \u003cbr\u003eRather, the key is to counter the logic that starts from the equality of intelligence with the logic of progressivism that assumes inequality of intelligence and says that it will infinitely reduce that inequality.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Also, in this book, Rancière says that the fundamental intellectual evil is ‘self-neglect.’\u003cbr\u003e Saying, \"I don't understand\" is nothing more than saying, \"I don't need it.\"\u003cbr\u003e In other words, I am saying that I only need to know what fits the position that has been given to me as fate, and that I cannot know or care about anything else.\u003cbr\u003e Conversely, it is important to recognize that the positions allocated in society are accidental and arbitrary, and that some are not born rulers and others are not born ruled. \u003cbr\u003eRancière expands the topic to include politics and democracy, saying that politics as 'democracy' is possible only when it is based on equal ability and equality of ability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Of course, the position that institutional education can do nothing for equality or liberation, and that all reform attempts by progressives ultimately serve only to maintain the distance between the superior and the inferior, the rulers and the ruled, is baffling.\u003cbr\u003e But this book says, “The founder had already prophesied it.\u003cbr\u003e Universal teachings will not take root.\u003cbr\u003e He actually added:\u003cbr\u003e It ends with the sentence, “The universal teachings will not disappear.”\u003cbr\u003e Rancière seems to be saying something similar.\u003cbr\u003e “In a society dominated by an unequal order, it is always possible to operate a community of individuals different from that society.” \u003cbr\u003eArriving at a place where the program that promised to realize equality has collapsed is not an indication of the impossibility of liberation politics, but an urgent call to action here and now against the reasons for inequality that threaten the intellectual equality that already exists. \u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e GOODS SPECIFICS \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eDate of issue:\u003c\/strong\u003e May 26, 2025\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003ePage count, weight, size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 288 pages | 446g | 142*214*20mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv 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