Martial law may be a necessary means of dealing with a national crisis, but its invocation must be exercised with caution.
And that period should also be minimized.
The declaration of martial law must be subject to strict legal requirements and procedures, as it may restrict the fundamental rights of citizens and undermine democracy and the rule of law.
Furthermore, the purpose of martial law must be to maintain national security and public order, and it must not be abused for political purposes or as a means to maintain power.
Among the 11 martial laws since the establishment of the Republic of Korea, there are not many that have met the requirements and procedures for martial law stipulated in the Constitution and laws.
Rather, there are more instances in history where martial law was declared as a means to strengthen power.
This means that martial law overlapped with an important historical event in the Republic of Korea.

Martial law is an act of government that mobilizes the military and is within the power of the president.
However, the constitution and laws strictly limit the power to mobilizing the military only in times of war, national emergency, or similar circumstances.
As history has shown, martial law as a means of dealing with national crises has often been declared to suit the interests of those in power.
History records that the declaration of martial law to achieve political goals is an unconstitutional and illegal act of governance that cannot be recognized as legitimate.
--- p.14

The provisional martial law declared on October 22, immediately following the outbreak of the Yeosu-Suncheon Uprising, and the martial law later approved after a State Council resolution on October 25, influenced not only the martial law declared during the Jeju April 3 Incident on November 17, 1948, but also the martial law declared during the Korean War.
And the Yeosu-Suncheon Uprising and the martial law declared at that time had a significant impact on the content and direction of the Martial Law Act (Law No. 69) enacted on November 24, 1949.
--- p.57

What made the April 19 Revolution successful was the citizens' desire for democracy.
It was a resistance against injustice.
Even martial law forces could not take active action in front of the sovereign citizens.
It was possible because up until this point, soldiers had been faithful to their duties as soldiers.
In other words, he was not a political soldier.
With the end of the martial law of the April 19 Revolution, our country rapidly transitioned into an era ruled by political military leaders.
It is the May 16 military coup.
--- p.102

On October 26th, Park Chung-hee died, and at 4:00 a.m. on the 27th, martial law was declared throughout the country except for Jeju Island.
With the establishment of the Joint Investigation Headquarters, which was not included in the Constitution, Martial Law, or Martial Law Command Organization Regulations, Chun Doo-hwan suddenly became known to the world.
And through the 12/12 coup, he seized military power and set out to seize political power.
This is the May 17 Coup, also known as the May 17 Emergency Martial Law Expansion Measure.

--- p.159

The people remembered Chun Doo-hwan's criminal acts that destroyed the constitutional order.
The judiciary's punishment was only half successful because of the people's memory.
In other words, Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo received judicial pardons, but not historical pardons.
Chun Doo-hwan died on November 23, 2021.
His body is being kept at his home in Yeonhui-dong as no place to be buried has been found.
History's condemnation of Chun Doo-hwan continues.
The December 3rd martial law must also be remembered and condemned historically.
--- p.177

The Republic of Korea is a democratic republic, and popular sovereignty is the principle of operation of the Constitution.
In that case, it is appropriate to define forces that act and behave against the democratic republic and forces that undermine the constitutional value of popular sovereignty as anti-state forces.
However, the 'anti-state forces' that Yoon Seok-yeol refers to are people who think differently from him, who criticize him, and who belong to different political organizations and parties.
This can be seen as a thought process where the president is trapped within the feudal framework of the state.

--- p.186

The December 3rd martial law was declared, and within two hours, the National Assembly passed a resolution to lift it, and the martial law was lifted six hours later.
When martial law was lifted, it was turned into an act of rebellion, and the National Assembly passed a motion to impeach the president.
And while waiting for the Constitutional Court's ruling, the judiciary is investigating the crime of being a 'leader of rebellion'.
What was the reason martial law failed for the first time in constitutional history?
--- p.216

The December 3 martial law was evaluated as a foolish act that had no political, economic, social, or international credibility benefits for the nation.
But new possibilities were also glimpsed.
It is the resilience of democracy.
The consciousness of democracy, which has been firmly established since 1987, showed its power even during the December 3 martial law incident.
And we discovered the MZ generation as the protagonists of a new history.
The December 3rd martial law incident confirmed that the concerns raised about the social and historical awareness of young people in their 20s and 30s were unfounded.

--- p.225