“How great would it be if such an easy and fun philosophy book were a textbook?”
“From the origins of ancient philosophy to the flow of modern philosophy
“Complete the concepts and history of Western philosophy in one volume!”

Will you be a Sophist or Socrates?
A story of Western philosophy that draws a map of thought
Philosophy questions what we take for granted.
Let's ask about the fundamental principle!

Say goodbye to boring philosophy books! Learn philosophy from historical stories!
Rich annotations and various illustrations make it even more fun to look at and read!

《A History of Western Philosophy for Young Adults》 is a book that reveals the author's tireless efforts to present the roots and history of Western philosophy to young people.
It meticulously explains the daily lives of major philosophers and the core ideas they devoted their lives to, allowing readers to grasp the overall flow of Western philosophy.
Through this book, we can learn about the thoughts of philosophers who seriously contemplated and reflected on life and death, and apply their wisdom to our lives today.

This book tells the story of 2,500 years of Western philosophy, unfolding over time to provide a deeper understanding of the history of philosophy, allowing readers to delve into everything from the roots of ancient philosophy to the currents of modern philosophy. It also delves into the private lives of previously unknown philosophers, adding to the enjoyment of reading.
"Argumentative Philosophy" for Youth allows readers to broaden their understanding of philosophical values ​​and logical thinking. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the era and its people, illustrations and captions are provided in greater abundance. A chronology of philosophy and world history is included at the back of the book, allowing readers to see the chronology of philosophy, as well as world history, at a glance.

The fact that the stars in the sky move along a certain spatial orbit with a certain temporal cycle is also evidence that they are governed by numbers.
The Earth rotates once a day while maintaining a constant distance from the Sun, and orbits the Sun once a year.
It is said that if the Earth were to get just a little closer to the sun than it is now, everything on the ground would burn, and if it were to get just a little farther away, everything would freeze.
And what if the Earth were to spin quickly, then slowly, then slowly, and then suddenly accelerate? Of course, as long as the universe is governed by numbers, there's no need to worry about that.
Therefore, Pythagoras seems to have thought that the universe maintained order and harmony because of the dominance of numbers.
In this regard, he called this world cosmos, a word that simultaneously means 'universe' and 'order, harmony'.

--- p.23

A figure just as famous as Socrates is his wife, Xantippe.
She did everything she could to prevent her husband from pursuing a career as a philosopher, and at home she made his life hellish.
Because of this, Socrates hurried out of the house and entered into a philosophical discourse with his disciples on the street, and Socrates was finally able to become Socrates.
In this regard, when a disciple asked him, “Teacher, is it better for me to get married or not?” he is said to have replied, “Get married. If you get a gentle wife, you will be happy, but if you get a fierce wife, you will become a philosopher.”
In any case, when we look at Socrates, who neglected his duties as a father, we might look with pity on Xantippe, who is synonymous with a bad wife.

--- p.48

Aristotle's tireless diligence and outstanding talent were so well-received by Plato that he gave him nicknames such as "Bookworm" and "The Wisdom of the Academy." It is said that when Aristotle was late, he would not begin his lectures until he arrived.
Aristotle also had great respect for his teacher.
However, when Plato died, he insisted on his own independent doctrine, shouting, “Teacher or Truth?” and when Plato’s nephew, who was not very great, was appointed as the new director of the Academy, he was offended and ran away from there.

--- p.77

Epicurus says the purpose of life is happiness.
This is something that most philosophers, including Socrates, agree on.
However, what exactly is happiness and how people feel happy change their perspectives.
For example, the Stoics argued that one is happy when one practices virtue.
But Epicurus says that pleasure is what brings us happiness.
Humans are happy when they are happy, and unhappy when they are unhappy.
For example, we feel happy when we watch a comedy show or play an enjoyable game.
Conversely, when we are being punished, sick, or depressed, we feel that life is somehow unhappy.
That is to say, all happiness is related to pleasure.
From this perspective, pleasure (enjoyment) that contributes to happiness, which is the purpose of life, is good (good) for us, and unpleasantness that brings unhappiness is bad (evil) for us.
In other words, pleasure is good and displeasure is evil.

--- pp.104~105

In the animal world where the law of the jungle rules, powerful beasts restore order in the jungle.
The weak die, the strong survive.
But in human society, we do not give order to such barbaric laws of nature.
So people began to call for some social power that could gather the will of many people for the well-being of the community, and they began to create laws and institutions to govern it.
However, if we were to make laws by gathering the will of the people, people would naturally follow the will of God.
Therefore, God is the supreme authority who governs all mankind, and ultimately becomes the creator of all public power.

--- p.171

Locke's educational theory is very progressive.
Locke says that we should not force a mold on learners, but help them develop on their own.
Rather than just giving students lessons, we should help them develop their own ideas.
Rather than using violence, we must foster independence so that they can develop free and mature personalities.
To do this, we must see through the talents of each and every student.

--- p.211

Kant re-established religion through morality.
Religion arises from morality, and its task is to promote morality.
Religion should strive to strengthen the influence of the moral law by teaching that moral obligations should be viewed as divine commands, that is, as commandments.
Therefore, all religions must be tested by moral reason, and through this, true religions and false religions can be distinguished.

--- p.243

This materialism can be divided into two types: mechanistic materialism and dialectical materialism.
Mechanistic materialism is a position that recognizes certain immutable substances such as molecules, atoms, and elements, and attempts to explain all phenomena through their movement.
In contrast, dialectical materialism does not recognize any fixed material reality, but understands the world solely as a process of dialectical change in matter.
In other words, this world is a unity of interrelated material movements, including human social practices.

--- p.275

Freud's achievements include, first of all, the discovery of libido and the unconscious world.
He believed that human behavior was influenced by unconscious sexual impulses and the unconscious mind.
Second, he therefore viewed all human actions, even mistakes and forgetfulness, as not accidental but always having a cause and meaning.
Third, dreams are the realization of a person's wishes and a substitute for the unconscious.

--- p.303

In Wittgenstein's biographical work, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, language was examined with propositions as its basic unit, and each proposition was considered to have its own meaning because it was an image that depicted facts by itself.
However, in the later Philosophical Investigations, individual propositions are treated only as one activity within the overall play of language.
Therefore, even if it is the same proposition, it can have different meanings depending on the position of the word play, and here a new semantics emerges that says, “The meaning of a word or sentence is its usage and its application.”

--- p.374