{"product_id":"157069","title":"Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments ","description":"\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/tmgdisk01.cafe24.com\/images\/vs\/4172\/sv\/WQt5m5Wx8BqwEvlxHsjgLX.png?v=1764856705\" style=\"max-width:100%;max-height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center;font-size:30px;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em\"\u003e Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-color:;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\u003ctbody style=\"border:0px\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-size:18px;color:black;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/goods\/108914515\/XL\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;{split_style6}padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e Description \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;word-break:break-all;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eBook Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e There is a saying that 'the destiny of a book is greater than its author.'\u003cbr\u003e Books that move an era transcend their time and become touchstones and pillars of subsequent history.\u003cbr\u003e Accordingly, Idabooks is publishing a hidden masterpiece that provides a fresh perspective on our times, titled “Ida’s Reason.” \u003cbr\u003eThe seventh work of 'The Reason for Ida', 'Beccharia's Crimes and Punishments', founded the principle of legality and advocated for a balance between crime and punishment, logically dealt with major legal principles such as the principle of legality, and criticized cruel punishment systems such as torture and the death penalty.\u003cbr\u003e In this way, Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments laid the foundation for modern criminal law by defining the right to punish as a social contract.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e You can preview some of the book's contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePreview\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eindex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eCrime and Punishment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIntroduction \/ Origin of punishment \/ Right to punishment \/ Consequences of the aforementioned principles \/ Interpretation of law \/ Ambiguity of law \/ Proportion between crime and punishment \/ Evaluation of the severity of crime \/ Classification of crimes \/ Honor \/ Duel \/ Crimes that undermine public peace \/ Purpose of punishment \/ Reliability of witnesses \/ Proof and evidence of crimes, method of trial \/ Informalization \/ Torture \/ Fines \/ Oath \/ Speed ​​of punishment \/ Acts of violence \/ Punishment of the upper class \/ Theft \/ Defamation \/ On inaction \/ Banishment and confiscation of property \/ The spirit of the family \/ Leniency of punishment \/ Death penalty \/ Pretrial detention \/ Indictment and statute of limitations \/ Crimes difficult to prove \/ Suicide and alienation of nationality \/ Smuggling \/ Bankruptcy \/ On sanctuary \/ On bounties \/ Attempts, accomplices and pardons \/ Leading questions \/ Special types of crimes \/ Misconceptions about utility \/ Means of preventing crime \/ On knowledge \/ Judges \/ Rewards \/ Education \/ Pardons \/ Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eVoltaire's commentary\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWhy I Write a Commentary \/ Which Punishments Are Right and Wrong \/ Punishment of Heretics \/ How to Deal with Heresy \/ On Blasphemy \/ The Romans' Tolerance of Blasphemy \/ The Crime of Propagation and the Case of Antoine \/ The Story of Simon Morin \/ On Witches \/ Is Death the Just Punishment \/ On the Execution of Punishments \/ Torture, the Still Living Disgrace \/ On Cruel Tribunals \/ The Difference Between Political Law and Natural Law \/ On High Treason and the Execution of Auguste de Toux \/ On the Problem of Disclosure of Crimes through Confession \/ On Counterfeiting Money \/ Is Domestic Theft a Crime? \/ On Suicide \/ Certain Types of Damage \/ Is Confiscation of Property Justifiable? \/ On Criminal Procedure and Other Methods \/ Thoughts on Improvement\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eDetailed image\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/momo\/TopCate3815\/MidCate001\/381403995.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Detailed Image 1\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eInto the book\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e  \u003cdiv\u003eThis book, which is considered a work that divides the pre-modern and modern eras in the national penal system, logically deals with major legal principles such as the state's right to punish based on the social contract theory and the principle of legality, while criticizing cruel penal systems such as torture and the death penalty and defining the right to punish as a social contract, thereby laying the foundation for modern criminal law.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ---From the \"Introductory Note\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Even if harsh punishment does not harm the public interest or the intended purpose, if it is proven that it does not deter crime, then harsh punishment is against the spirit of enlightenment and philanthropy, which are the results of enlightened reason.\u003cbr\u003e This virtue teaches the sovereign to govern people in a free and happy state, not in a state of slavery, and that harsh punishments are contrary to justice and social consensus.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.32\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWhat is the appropriate punishment for each crime? Is the death penalty truly beneficial or even necessary for maintaining social security and order? Are torture and mental suffering in keeping with justice, or do they serve the purposes of the law? What is the best way to deter crime? Is one punishment equally effective in all ages? What effect do punishments have on customs? These questions must be resolved with rational and precise methods, unobstructed by the fog of sophistry, the seduction of eloquence, or timid skepticism.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.59\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The purpose of punishment is not to torment a conscious person or to undo a crime already committed. \u003cbr\u003eBut how could torture and other senseless cruelties—means wielded at will by blind fanatics or incompetent tyrants—become entrenched in a political system? Punishment should not be swayed by passions, and individuals should coolly control their own passions.\u003cbr\u003e Can't the miserable screams of a tortured person turn back the clock and undo the actions already committed?\u003cbr\u003e The sole purpose of punishment is to prevent others from committing the same crime.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, punishment should be administered in such a way as to leave the strongest and most lasting impression on the minds of others, while causing the least pain to the body of the offender.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.61\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e When torture is practiced, a very strange result that inevitably follows is that the innocent are placed in worse circumstances than the guilty. \u003cbr\u003eIn the case of an innocent person, he confesses to a crime he did not commit and is found guilty, or he suffers a punishment he should not have received and is then declared not guilty.\u003cbr\u003e On the other hand, the person who committed the crime is in an advantageous position.\u003cbr\u003e If he can withstand the torture with strength and determination, he may be declared innocent, which would essentially be exchanging a heavy punishment for a lesser one.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e --- p.82\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The death penalty also violates the very foundations of sovereignty and law.\u003cbr\u003e As I said before, law is only the sum of the smallest parts of each individual's private freedom, and represents the general will, which is the sum total of each individual's will.\u003cbr\u003e Who in the world would give another person the right to take their own life?\u003cbr\u003e Is it possible that the smallest liberty of each individual sacrificed for the public good takes away the greatest of all goods: life? \u003cbr\u003eHow then can this be reconciled with the statement that a person has no right to take his own life?\u003cbr\u003e It is impossible to transfer rights that I do not have to someone else.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e --- p.117\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003ePublisher's Review\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eWhy is he against torture and the death penalty?\u003cbr\u003e For whom is the law?\u003cbr\u003e Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Cesare Beccaria was an Italian jurist, economist, and politician.\u003cbr\u003e In 1764 he published a short but monumental book, Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments.\u003cbr\u003e In this book, which is considered a historical event that directly opposed the barbaric penal system covered in conjecture, presumption, and religious prejudice, Beccaria distinguished between religious sins and secular crimes, criticized the problems of the old view of crime and the penal system, and redefined the purpose of punishment. \u003cbr\u003eIt logically addressed key legal principles, including the principle of legality and the presumption of innocence, and in particular, criticized harsh, contradictory, and arbitrary practices and laws, such as torture and the death penalty, and confirmed institutional principles to prevent them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e He believed that a punishment that was high enough to achieve the purpose of crime prevention was sufficient, and argued that setting a high punishment did not increase the defensive effect, which was the purpose of punishment, and that the punishment should not be set higher than the public interest, but should be proportional to the degree to which the public interest was damaged.\u003cbr\u003e Therefore, it was pointed out that excessive punishment was unnecessary.\u003cbr\u003e Based on this, he opposed torture and the death penalty.\u003cbr\u003e He opposed torture because it dominates the human mind through the intensity of pain, and he advocated for the abolition of the death penalty because he believed that the freedom given to an individual could not include life.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBeyond the issues of torture and the death penalty, Beccaria also developed innovative and influential principles.\u003cbr\u003e He said that punishment should have a preventive function rather than a retaliatory one, that punishment should be proportional to the crime, and that punishment should be based on the high probability of the crime rather than the severity of the punishment to achieve a preventive effect.\u003cbr\u003e He also noted that sentencing proceedings should be public and that swift punishment is useful for effective punishment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eHow just are our laws?\u003cbr\u003e Written by Beccaria and commented by Voltaire\u003cbr\u003e Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Enlightenment thinker Voltaire was so impressed by this book that he wrote a commentary on it in 1766.\u003cbr\u003e Voltaire praised this book as the most important work of the Enlightenment and called it \"a cure for our spirits.\"\u003cbr\u003e The commentary criticized the existing punishment practices for heretics, blasphemy, witch trials, and suicide, citing specific examples of how unreasonable they were.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBeccaria's Crimes and Punishments, which laid the foundation for modern criminal law.\u003cbr\u003e What should we read and find in this book? All members of society, living within the bounds of the law, must examine whether punishment deters crime while also properly assessing the severity of the crime.\u003cbr\u003e We must consider together whether the presumption of innocence and the principle of legality are functioning properly, whether the law is changing along with social changes, and if not, how it should be changed.\u003cbr\u003e This is the reason why 『Beccharia's Crimes and Punishments』 is published as one of the 'reasons for Ida'. \u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e GOODS SPECIFICS \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003ePublication date:\u003c\/strong\u003e April 28, 2022\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003ePage count, weight, size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 272 pages | 340g | 123*188*20mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9791191625417\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1191625419 \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43889654136874,"sku":"157069","price":22.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0683\/2750\/5962\/files\/b9dc4a28c7e7091dcf5ba4f30a97ae7e.jpg?v=1765262631","url":"https:\/\/librairie.coreenne.fr\/en\/products\/157069","provider":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}