Recommendation
I hope you'll understand the original papers of these brilliant scientists... 013
The Birth of the Atomic Model That Astonished the World_ A Surprise Interview with Dr. Auger Bohr… 015

First Encounter | Until Dalton's Atomic Theory
Thales's Elements: Stopping War with Inquiry… 022
The Four Elements: Water, Fire, Air, and Earth, the Elements of Matter… 029
Ancient Atomism: Indivisible Particles… 036
Alchemy Between Magic and Science: Can a Stone Turn to Gold? … 039
Dalton, the father of modern chemistry: Atoms are round… 049

Second Encounter | Newton's Circular Motion
Understanding Vectors_Defining Size and Direction… 058
History of Trigonometry_The Law of Cosines… 071
Newton's Centripetal Force: Why Doesn't the Moon Fall to the Earth? … 084
The magnitude of the centripetal force for circular motion: The smaller the radius, the greater the motion required… 092
Angular velocity and angular momentum_ Also used to describe various natural phenomena… 099

Third Encounter | Thomson's Atomic Model
History of Atomic Models: Saturn Model and Plum Pudding Model… 110
Finding the strength of an electric field_ Gauss's law… 113
Inside Thomson's thesis: Electrons evenly distributed throughout atoms... 117

Fourth Encounter | Rutherford's Atomic Model
Rutherford's Nucleus_ The first model to reveal the existence of the atomic nucleus… 134
Rutherford's atomic model: Perseverance and effort bear fruit… 139

Fifth Encounter | Bohr's Atomic Model
Balmer's formula_Emission spectrum of hydrogen atoms… 156
Bohr's discovery overturned Rutherford's atomic model… 161
Inside Bohr's Thesis_Discontinuous Energy… 167
Quantization of Energy: Quantization of Angular Momentum with the Atomic Model… 179

In addition to the meeting
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science_ Thomson's papers in English… 184
The Scattering of a and b Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom_ Rutherford's Papers (English Version) … 213
On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules_ Bohr's Papers in English… 230
Concluding our encounter with this great paper… 254
Papers referenced for this book… 256
Greek letters used in formulas… 257
Introducing the Nobel Prize winners in Physics… 258

★ Recommended by the National Science Teachers Association ★ Friendly, one-on-one science classes
★ A must-read for those planning to pursue a science or engineering degree ★ Includes original English papers by Nobel Prize winners

How great would it have been if there had been a book like this when I first started studying science?

Now, we have entered an era where space development is led by the private sector.
For example, the American company SpaceX has achieved groundbreaking achievements such as the world's first commercial spacecraft launch and the docking of private astronauts to the International Space Station.
In keeping with this trend, our country is also actively pursuing the development of the space industry by advancing the production, launch, and operation technology of Nuriho.

Why does humanity desire to go into space and conquer it? It's probably a curiosity to know, a spirit of exploration to pioneer.
It is no exaggeration to say that the development of civilization was achieved through the development of science and mathematics.
This book explains the development of physics in an easy-to-understand way, showing how phenomena we encounter in our daily lives have been proven theoretically, rather than being difficult science.
In particular, the vividness of seeing original papers from great scientists and learning one-on-one will make learning science more familiar and enjoyable.

Into Bohr's courageous hypothesis to unify theory and experiment

There are many theories and experiments by scientists before a scientific theory is born.
In the process, if the theory and experiment are not satisfactory, re-research and experimentation are conducted in parallel.
Niels Bohr, widely known as the founder of the modern atomic model, studied the Nagaoka model, Thomson model, and Rutherford model, but realized that they did not satisfy the formula for the line spectrum emitted from heated atoms, and he worked to create a perfect atomic model that matched actual experimental results.
He focused his research on questioning existing theories and turning those doubts into various hypotheses.
As a result, Bohr's atomic model completely broke away from models that relied on classical mechanics and achieved the feat of perfectly resolving the problems that the atomic model had.


Thanks to Bohr's efforts, the invisible internal structure of atoms could be revealed, and this influenced later physicists, leading to the development of quantum mechanics.
By examining three papers on Bohr's atomic model that opened the era of quantum mechanics (Thomson (1904), Rutherford (1911), and Bohr (1913), you can get an interesting look at the background that led to the birth of Bohr's atomic model.

From the ancient theory of elementary elements to Dalton's atomic theory

Ancient chemists believed that water, fire, air, and earth were the four basic elements, and that these elements combined or separated to create or transform substances.
It was thought that the taste of any food was determined by the size and shape of the atoms that make up the food.
From then on, elements became a complex theory with philosophical and religious elements, leading to the creation of gold by alchemists, who are considered the first chemists.
While chemists were absorbed in alchemy, chemical theory did not advance.
However, it was Dalton who first seriously argued for atoms again.
Dalton's atomic theory argued that each atom had a different size and mass, and therefore different solubility.
Dalton's atomic theory was revealed by 20th-century physicists.

The joy of science in a series

One of the things that surprises me when talking to foreigners is that they find learning science very enjoyable.
Perhaps for this reason, the average scientific knowledge of the people is quite high, and in fact, many Nobel Prize winners in science have been produced.
However, looking at the situation in our country, it seems that the threshold is still quite high.


The author of this book expresses regret that our country has not produced a Nobel Prize winner in science, and says that science is so closely connected to our lives that anyone can learn about it in a fun way.
This book was planned as a series.
I believe that through the process of completing each book, one's interest in science will increase and one's level of understanding will improve.