Preface _ 5

Chapter 1 Engine Structure

Engine Principles _ 14
Engine Types _ 16
Engine Construction _ 18
Displacement and compression ratio _ 20
Structure of a 4-stroke engine _ 22
Structure of a two-stroke engine _ 24
Power and Torque _ 26
Top speed and engine power _ 28
Relationship between torque characteristics and acceleration _ 30
Piston _ 32
Crankshaft and connecting rod _ 34
Long and Short Term _ 36
Intake and exhaust valves _ 38
Valve actuation method _ 40
Number of cylinders _ 42
Cylinder Layout _ 44
Single Engine _ 46
Parallel Twin Engine _ 48
V-twin engine _ 50
Inline 4 engine _ 52

Facts and Facts 1: Engine Evolution_ 54

Chapter 2 Structure around the engine

Mechanism of the intake system _ 56
Evolution of the Intake System _ 58
Basic Structure of a Carburetor _ 60
Variable Venturi _ 62
Difference between VM type and CV type _ 64
Structure of the injection system _ 66
Injector Structure _ 68
Air Cleaner Structure _ 70
Turbo Engine Structure _ 72
Exhaust System Mechanism _ 74
Assembly Hall _ 76
How a Muffler Works _ 78
Lubrication System _ 80
Engine Oil _ 82
Cooling system of air-cooled engine _ 84
Cooling system of water-cooled engine _ 86
Ignition System _ 88
Spark Plug Structure _ 90
Spark Plug Characteristics _ 92
Engine Starter _ 94

Common Sense 2 Types of Gasoline

Chapter 3 Structure of the Drive System

The Role of the Drive System _ 98
The Role of the Clutch _ 100
Clutch Structure _ 102
The Role of the Transmission _ 104
Principles of Gear Shifting _ 106
Gear shifting method _ 108
Gear ratio _ 110
Structure of an Automatic Transmission _ 112
Types of Automatic Transmissions _ 114
Chain Drive _ 116
Shaft Drive and Belt Drive _ 118

Facts about Dual Clutch Transmissions 3_ 120

Chapter 4 Body Structure

Basic structure of the body _ 122
Motorcycle Style _ 124
The Role of Frames _ 126
Frame Structure _ 128
Fuel Tank Structure _ 130
The Role of the Cowl _ 132
Sheet _ 134
The Role of the Battery _ 136
Battery Structure _ 138
Generator Structure _ 140
Headlamp valve _ 142
Discharge Lamp Structure _ 144
Headlamp shape _ 146

Common Sense 4: Around the Handle and Instruments_ 148

Chapter 5 Structure around the wheel

Steering Mechanism _ 150
Driving a Motorcycle _ 152
Motorcycle Riding Characteristics ① _ 154
Motorcycle Riding Characteristics ② _ 156
The Role of Suspension _ 158
Suspension Structure _ 160
What Does a Damper Do? _ 162
Front Suspension Structure _ 164
Telescopic mechanism _ 166
Rear Suspension Mechanism _ 168
The Role of Tires _ 170
Basic Structure of a Tire _ 172
Types of Tires _ 174
The Principle of Brakes _ 176
Disc Brake Structure _ 178
Hydraulic disc brakes _ 180
Drum Brakes _ 182
Combi Brake _ 184
ABS(Anti-lock Brake System) _ 186

Facts and Facts 5 Types of Motorcycles_ 188

Chapter 6 Safety and Eco-friendliness

Motorcycle Safety _ 190
Helmet _ 192
Body Protector _ 194
Airbag System _ 196
Exhaust Gas Purification Device _ 198
Hybrid System _ 200
Biomass Fuel _ 202
Electric Motorcycle _ 204
Next Generation Motorcycle _ 206

References _ 208
Search _ 209

Ride like the wind and feel the breath of the bike!
The Ultimate Motorcycle Science Guide for Enthusiasts

In countless media, including film, motorcycles are treated as a symbol of freedom.
Why has the motorcycle become an icon representing freedom itself?
Perhaps it is because the rider can ride the motorcycle and go wherever he wants, whenever he wants.

Motorcycles are the perfect vehicle for those who crave freedom, but they can also be a tricky means of transportation.
Many people go out riding without understanding the characteristics of motorcycles, and end up in danger due to their carelessness and inexperience.
This means that in order to ride a motorcycle properly, a rider must first understand the structure and principles of the motorcycle.
Understanding the structure allows you to understand the movement of the motorcycle, and understanding the movement allows you to acquire the correct technique.
Only then will the rider acquire mature skills and experience.

"Motorcycle Structure Principles Textbook" is the best book to achieve this goal.
This is because we have compiled the core knowledge you need to know for safe and free riding.
This is a technical textbook that explains in detail the mechanisms and structure of a motorcycle, and explains the three major motorcycle mechanisms, which are forward movement, steering, and braking, from the basics.
It is characterized by not simply introducing the principles but also showing the role of the mechanisms and the relationship between each mechanism.
It explains the basic principles and structure of parts, such as how an engine generates power, the difference between horsepower and torque, and the structure and function of clutches and transmissions.


Discover the essence of motorcycles
Complete explanation of the three major mechanisms: forward movement, braking, and steering.

Some may be skeptical at this point.
Do you really need to know the mechanics of riding a motorcycle?
Hearing from a veteran rider here might change your mind.
According to them, understanding the mechanics of a motorcycle is fundamental to a rider's basics.
For example, if you are a rider, you must understand the characteristics of the motorcycle engine.
You need to know the engine characteristics, that is, the relationship between torque and power output as engine speed changes, to be able to control the motorcycle according to those characteristics.


If your motorcycle has a "power-intensive" engine, meaning that torque increases rapidly as the rpm increases, you should be especially careful as it can be difficult to handle.
Otherwise, not only will smooth control become impossible, but you may also encounter dangerous moments while driving.

Motorcycles and cars are structurally completely different.
A motorcycle has a fuel tank and a seat above the engine, and the rider sits on the seat.
That is, motorcycles, which are built by stacking parts vertically, have a narrow width, a high center of gravity, and a short wheelbase, so the load transfer in the front-back direction and the change in posture are large.
When accelerating suddenly, the load on the front wheels is extremely small, and when braking suddenly, almost all the load is transferred to the front wheels.
These characteristics make it difficult to control load and posture, and ultimately, riding requires completely different skills from driving a car.
Understanding the structure and mechanical characteristics of a motorcycle.
It is an essential skill for skilled riding.

Realizing the best riding experience
Understanding Motorcycles through Structure and Principles

If you look at the 『Motorcycle Structure Principles Textbook』, it is largely divided into two parts.
The first half covers the three major mechanisms.
Describes the engine, the structure surrounding the engine, the drive system, the body, the wheels, and the structure surrounding the wheels.
This book devotes a large portion to explaining the working principles and components of engines, types of engines, and their characteristics, as the engine is very important, like the heart in the human body.


What is the structure around the engine?
This refers to the device that supplies air to the engine, the exhaust system, engine oil and cooling system, and spark plugs.
Additionally, the drive system is a device that appropriately transmits power to the tires, and the chapter covering this explains the role, structure, and principles of the clutch and transmission, the principles of gear shifting, the types of gear shifting methods, and how to determine gear combinations.


In addition, the chapter dealing with the body provides a comprehensive explanation of the fuel tank, cowl and seats, battery, headlamps, etc.
In addition, it continues with an explanation of the types and structures of tires, suspension, and brakes in general.

The book also mentions the safety and environmentally friendly features of motorcycles.
Nowadays, motorcycles are no longer just about speed, ride quality, and design as they used to be.
Many motorcycle manufacturers are seriously considering how to protect riders' lives and what the future of motorcycles is.
In the latter part of the book, the author summarizes safety-related content such as motorcycle safety, the role and structure of helmets and body protectors, and airbag systems.
In addition, we introduce future-oriented eco-friendly technologies, from basic eco-friendly devices such as exhaust gas purification devices to biomass, hybrid systems, fuel cells, and electric motorcycles.

Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki, BMW, Harley-Davidson
Rich information provided by world-renowned motorcycle manufacturers

The primary goal of this book is to introduce the technical essence of motorcycles to everyone interested in motorcycles, from experienced riders to beginners.
To achieve this, we described the mechanism as much as possible at the level of the general public, and utilized abundant illustrations and photographs.
The content is structured to accurately understand the principles and concepts by adding various materials provided by motorcycle manufacturers to well-extracted explanations of only the key points.
All of this is to achieve the ultimate goal of free riding.
If you are a reader who wants to know more about motorcycles and ride them well, I recommend that you organize the contents of this book well.
In anything, the foundation and background are important.
This book will help you thoroughly understand the structure of a motorcycle and will serve as a great stepping stone for improving your riding skills.