{"product_id":"164599","title":"How is political orientation determined? ","description":"\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/tmgdisk01.cafe24.com\/images\/vs\/4172\/sv\/3jYFtq22qoNm21CXZD2n82kR0e0Y8B.png?v=1764974528\" style=\"max-width:100%;max-height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:center;font-size:30px;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em\"\u003e How is political orientation determined? \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-color:;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\u003ctbody style=\"border:0px\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-size:18px;color:black;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/goods\/143509970\/XL\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;{split_style6}padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e Description \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;word-break:break-all;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eBook Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003e★★★ Highly recommended by world-renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman.\u003cbr\u003e ★★★ A book that has drawn attention from US politicians, including Senator Bob Kerrey.\u003cbr\u003e ★★★ The Science of Conservatism and Progressivism, According to U.S. Political Science Experts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e From mindset and brain structure to genes\u003cbr\u003e Two political tendencies that have taken different paths,\u003cbr\u003e A new scientific approach that illuminates the differences and history\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We want the truth whenever something politically related happens.\u003cbr\u003e But the truth that is revealed is sometimes harsh.\u003cbr\u003e Because the truth is never on anyone's side.\u003cbr\u003e Yet, if the truth does not stand on their side, people tend to dismiss it as a lie. \u003cbr\u003eEven if research is based on systematic scientific procedures, if the results conflict with their political beliefs, people are quick to label the research as pseudoscience.\u003cbr\u003e However, \"How Are Political Tendencies Determined?\" is scientific in that it reveals in detail that our political tendencies have a biological basis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In fact, it seems difficult to determine political inclinations from a scientific perspective.\u003cbr\u003e In 2013, a report in Korea that conservative supporters had larger biceps muscles (also known as acromion) than liberals was met with public criticism.\u003cbr\u003e However, recent brain imaging techniques have revealed differences in brain structure and function according to political orientation through the size of the amygdala and the responsiveness of neural networks.\u003cbr\u003e However, the limitation remains that the relationship between these differences and political tendencies was not clearly revealed. \u003cbr\u003eHowever, with the advancement of scientific research methods, including neuroscience, we have succeeded in securing tangible evidence for topics that seemed unprovable in the scientific field.\u003cbr\u003e Building on this trend, \"How Are Political Tendencies Determined?\" explores the biological basis of political beliefs from a variety of perspectives, including brain science, neuroscience, genetics and epigenetics, and evolutionary theory.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This book does not deny the influence of the environment by being immersed in scientific evidence of 'innateness', nor does it portray each camp negatively by leaning towards a specific tendency.\u003cbr\u003e I am simply making an objective estimate of the basic characteristics of conservatives and progressives and where the differences originate.\u003cbr\u003e But the fact that political leanings may have been determined before the body was formed may sound frustrating to some. \u003cbr\u003eThis is because it is generally believed that political inclinations are the product of experiences and thoughts experienced in the flow of life, that is, higher-order mental activity.\u003cbr\u003e But the authors say the news is rather hopeful.\u003cbr\u003e Although we have now gone too far down different paths, recognizing and acknowledging that our thinking was fundamentally different will help us avoid excessive polarization and reach a minimal level of agreement.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e You can preview some of the book's contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePreview\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eindex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eㆍSeo Moon│Inherited Conflict\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Uncomfortable Companionship\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Dynamics of Conflict┃Politics and Science┃The Spectrum of Ideology┃Think Probabilistically┃Leibniz's Nonsense┃The Truth Revealed┃Is Fighting the Only Answer?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 2: What Controls Our Thoughts?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Political Inbreeding┃Political Fluidity┃The Dominance of Universality┃Ideology is 'Us'\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: What determines normality?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Diversity and Irrationality┃The Trend of the Assumption of Unity┃The Trap of Locke and Gladwell┃The Age of Dichotomy is Over┃The Biology of Behavior┃The World of Difference\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Politics of Preference\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Taste is ideological┃Authoritarian political tendencies┃Personality that determines taste┃Receptor of moral sense┃Correlation between politics and personality┃Humans are political animals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Conflicting Views\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Gaze and Social Response┃The Standard for Conceiving the World┃The Answer Lies in Focus┃Where the Eyes Linger┃The Difference in Perception┃Acquisition and Utilization of Information┃The Created Reality\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 6│Is Our Nature Our Destiny?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Human Body's Information Processing System┃Politics and the Brain┃Physics That Make You Sweaty┃Imprinted Hatred and Outgroups┃The Politics Behind the Face┃Negativity Bias and Conservatism┃The Roots of Political Difference\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 7│Is the environment ultimately meaningless?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe Power of Genes | Is Political Inclination Inherited? | Twins' Political Inclinations | Genetic Variation in Political Beliefs | Epigenetic Changes | Inconvenient Truths | Evolving Conventional Wisdom\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 8: The History of Eruption\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Conditions for Survival┃What Are You Trying to Deny?┃Genetic Variation According to Environment┃Group Selection and Genetic Diversity┃Selective Pressure and Political Tendency┃Antagonistic Symbiosis┃Genes Are Not Everything┃Evolution's Chaos\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChapter 9: How far have we come?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Heritability of Political Tendency┃The Sociobiology Debate and Genetic Identity┃A Tale of Two Cities┃Fallen by Illusion┃Let's Acknowledge Differences┃Language that Persuades Differences┃Let's Embrace Our Innate Tendencies┃What is a Desirable Political System?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eConclusion│Under different realities\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A Word to Progressives┃A Word to Conservatives┃Change Continues\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eㆍAppendix│Political Tendency Diagnostic Test\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eㆍReferences\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003eDetailed image\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/image.yes24.com\/momo\/TopCate5187\/MidCate004\/518630842.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Detailed Image 1\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e  \u003ch5\u003e\u003cb\u003eInto the book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e Don't feel lucky that you're not from the United States.\u003cbr\u003e Your political idols are not much different from a battlefield, where they burn each other with flamethrowers and destructive language beneath the American flag.\u003cbr\u003e If you were asked to provide examples of politics from a certain era and context, you would find plenty of examples, even without delving deep into the details, of the Berkeley-Vidal debate, where opponents criticized each other's political consciousness and even resorted to physical confrontation.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.8\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In fact, differences in political leanings stem not from deceptive conspiracies or irrational disregard for logic and truth, but from the very nature of being human.\u003cbr\u003e So conservatives are not lazy, ignorant conservatives, and progressives are not lazy, ignorant conservatives.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.9∼10\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e People want to believe that their decisions and opinions are rational, but in reality, they are not. \u003cbr\u003eIn this way, unconscious physiological and psychological responses to our surroundings influence our attitudes and behavior.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It may seem beautiful to imagine everyone achieving political unity and singing the same song as one at the center of harmony, but it is actually a very dangerous illusion.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.37\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We aim to present empirical evidence demonstrating that psychological, cognitive, biological, and genetic factors are deeply associated with political differences.\u003cbr\u003e Before that, we need to prove the claim that politics is universal, while humanity is changeable.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.48\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e If political beliefs and their names are merely created to address issues or ideas that have been floating around in a particular culture for hundreds of years, it seems difficult indeed to secure political universality.\u003cbr\u003e We are political animals, but people seem to form unique perspectives based on their cultural and historical positions.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.62\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIdeology is us.\u003cbr\u003e Just as with human relationships, there can be no end to ideology.\u003cbr\u003e This is not limited to the social elite, but also applies to communication between individuals.\u003cbr\u003e Issues and labels that are specific to the context within which they are embedded drain our focus and energy.\u003cbr\u003e So sometimes our gaze is not directed to the fundamental principles involved.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.80∼81\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e There are big differences between each person.\u003cbr\u003e Not everyone is born on the same line.\u003cbr\u003e We are all born with many unique qualities, and the environments we encounter add to our individual uniqueness.\u003cbr\u003e Academic and social consensus holds that this individuality is not particularly persistent or biological.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.115\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Progressives are characterized by a passion for newness and novelty, a passion for self-expression, a tolerance for difference, and an interest in stimulation. \u003cbr\u003eConservatives, on the other hand, are distinguished by their commitment to order, the pursuit of safety for both family and group, and loyalty or patriotism to tradition and group.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.148\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The results of differences in perception by political orientation may be somewhat less clear than the attention patterns.\u003cbr\u003e However, there is evidence that conservatives perceive disgusting and threatening images more negatively, and positive images more positively.\u003cbr\u003e Vigil's study similarly suggests that Republican undergraduates tend to view emotionally ambiguous faces as more threatening or dominant than Democratic undergraduates.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.199\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Disgust has a distinct biological signature.\u003cbr\u003e One of them is activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which can also be detected by galvanic skin response.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.182\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe highly evolved intelligence of humans is accustomed to instinctively ignoring the genetic influences on our behavior rather than seeking the real reasons for our behavior and political beliefs.\u003cbr\u003e In other words, our superior brains are better at creating stories that deny the connection to biological influences than at denying the biological influences themselves.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.240\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Most modern people are rarely plagued by life-threatening worries like those of the distant past.\u003cbr\u003e As a result, modern people can extend their scope of social contact and ethical concern beyond the confines of family and kinship to include people and animals.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.295\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Once established, political leanings are remarkably stable.\u003cbr\u003e The idea that people's political leanings become more conservative as they age is nothing more than a myth. \u003cbr\u003eA student with an innate political inclination will never change his or her political leanings, and a student without such inclinations will lack the foundation for change.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.320\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Conservatives and liberals, who have fundamentally different innate tendencies, both believe and believe in facts that support their tendencies, even if they are not true.\u003cbr\u003e Once a false belief is formed, it is very difficult to correct it.\u003cbr\u003e There are so many cases where people only believe what they want to believe.\u003cbr\u003e --- p.333\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The two different groups must acknowledge the reality that they are 'subspecies' to move forward in a better direction.\u003cbr\u003e It is more realistic to acknowledge that they are completely different rather than to find what they have in common.\u003cbr\u003e The belief that people divided on both sides of a fork in the road can reach an agreement is naive.\u003cbr\u003e There is no evidence that these arguments will ultimately work among those with strong political positions. \u003cbr\u003eIf you want results, you have to act in the reality that is right in front of you, not in the ideal.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e --- p.337\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ch5\u003e \u003cb\u003ePublisher's Review\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cb\u003eFate and will: what separates conservatives from progressives?\u003cbr\u003e Crossing the border between two irreconcilable camps\u003cbr\u003e Talking about conservatism and progressivism with modern science\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Our appearance, which is woven with complete ‘self’,\u003cbr\u003e Is it genetic planning or environmental influence?\u003cbr\u003e Dissecting the \"Political Animal\" Through Nature and Nurture\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The golden age of 'splitting'\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e There is a saying that has become a buzzword in relation to political issues.\u003cbr\u003e It is called 'galachigi', and although the exact etymology is different, it refers to a strategy in Baduk to disperse forces by preventing the opponent from making a house.\u003cbr\u003e In a similar vein, division has become a common sentiment in each social group, causing hatred and conflict across various social classes, including gender, generation, religion, economic status, occupation, and political orientation, within the community. \u003cbr\u003eThis kind of culture has long been established as a new social problem, as discrimination arising from differences expands into hatred.\u003cbr\u003e Conflicts between men and women, rich and poor, businesses and workers, and the young and the middle-aged have existed since ancient times, but the conflict between conservatives and progressives has a history so deep that it encompasses all of these conflicts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e According to philosopher Martha Nussbaum, disgust stems from a primal defense mechanism that protects us from things as dirty as excrement.\u003cbr\u003e In other words, disgust can be said to be an emotion that avoids infection and contamination from something that threatens oneself.\u003cbr\u003e The challenge is to extend these feelings to the societal level.\u003cbr\u003e As a result, 'projective disgust' occurs, in which an object inferior to oneself is identified with the object of one's primal disgust, even though it is not actually dangerous. \u003cbr\u003ePolitical philosopher Hannah Arendt says that the soil of hatred that feeds on fear is formed by problems in social structure as well as personal moral issues.\u003cbr\u003e Accordingly, we live a life where hatred is taken for granted.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It is generally known that hatred toward out-groups is most pronounced among conservatives.\u003cbr\u003e Because conservatives place more weight on the stability of the group.\u003cbr\u003e In contrast, the perception that progressives pursue openness to newness and diversity has been ingrained for quite some time.\u003cbr\u003e However, even liberals who are tolerant of outgroups are quick to criticize and slander conservatives when they meet them.\u003cbr\u003e This conflict shows no signs of abating as it escalates into 'polarization', or political polarization. \u003cbr\u003eIn an age of hatred fueled by conflicting emotions, \"How Are Political Tendencies Determined?\" presents a way to understand one another through the lens of science.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eGenetic Copies and 'Nature vs. Nurture'\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Naturally, we are all genetic copies of someone else.\u003cbr\u003e This book says that our personality, tastes, and even political leanings are genetic.\u003cbr\u003e So what about identical twins, whose genetic similarity between siblings is striking? The lives of identical twins Jim Lewis and Jim Springer, adopted into separate families just four weeks after birth, were remarkably similar.\u003cbr\u003e They were all similar in their preferred cigarettes, beers, car brands, vacation spots, and even their favorite and least favorite subjects, hobbies, and chronic illnesses during their school days.\u003cbr\u003e There was no need to mention occupation, IQ, personality, or job aptitude. \u003cbr\u003eThe case of identical twins who grew up in such different environments clearly demonstrates the influence of genes.\u003cbr\u003e Similarly, twin studies conducted by the authors show that identical twins are generally more similar in their positions on political issues than fraternal twins.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Meanwhile, the case of children who were raised with different parents at birth shows even more interesting facts.\u003cbr\u003e This is the case of Kay Lynn Reed and Deanne Angel.\u003cbr\u003e Kay Lynn Reed, unlike her conservative father, considers herself a centrist, but she says she is progressive on gender equality issues.\u003cbr\u003e Of course, we cannot be certain of her biological parents' political leanings, as she added that her somewhat progressive tendencies stemmed from her college years.\u003cbr\u003e But this case flies in the face of the common belief that our environment determines everything about us. \u003cbr\u003eIn conclusion, the hypothesis that even our internal realms, including our tastes, are already set at the genetic level is gaining ground.\u003cbr\u003e This suggests that there is a realm of ‘nature’ within us that cannot be changed even through ‘parenting.’\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Does this mean the influence of the environment is irrelevant? The authors argue that once established, political leanings remain unchanged, and that conspiracy theories peddled by the American far-right, claiming that media and education brainwash children and youth into adopting certain tendencies, are false.\u003cbr\u003e This underscores the undesirability of downplaying the role of heredity while ignoring the mounting evidence that there are innate tendencies that shape our thinking.\u003cbr\u003e However, they also urge us not to forget that small differences inherent in genes, including epigenetics, can be amplified by environmental factors. \u003cbr\u003ePolitical inclinations are generally considered to be largely acquired, as they are established in adulthood.\u003cbr\u003e But the truth is that genes are at the heart of it, and the environment plays a role in amplifying the initial limited genetic variation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eㆍEvolution of the political animal\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 'Man is by nature a political animal.' This is Aristotle's famous proposition.\u003cbr\u003e The essential human characteristics of possessing language, communicating with others, and maintaining community serve as the source of politics and the basis for its propositions.\u003cbr\u003e From primitive society to modern society, \"How Are Political Tendencies Determined?\" portrays humans as so-called \"political animals\" from the perspective of selective pressure.\u003cbr\u003e Ultimately, the history of conservatism and progressivism is not limited to the French Revolution of the late 18th century.\u003cbr\u003e This book explains that the history of political orientation begins even earlier, in the Pleistocene era. \u003cbr\u003eIn the harsh world of nature, primitive humans lived in a world fraught with danger in acquiring and distributing resources to achieve their goal of survival.\u003cbr\u003e In modern times, as factors that threaten human life, such as disease and war, have noticeably decreased, humanity has expanded the scope of its ethical concerns from the individual to the entire planet.\u003cbr\u003e As we travel through this historical path, humanity has been divided into conservatives who value the stability of their own group and progressives who pursue innovation and diversity.\u003cbr\u003e However, they have been enemies for a long time due to differences in opinions.\u003cbr\u003e Ultimately, the authors argue that it is better to acknowledge the present by calling people belonging to the two tendencies subspecies, and that it is more realistic to find solutions in the current situation rather than in an ideal.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eAs such, \"How Are Political Tendencies Determined?\" illuminates the reality of conservatism and progressivism, which have long maintained a symbiotic, hostile relationship, from a balanced perspective.\u003cbr\u003e This book critically examines existing research on the human mind, including behavioral psychology, evolutionary psychology, social psychology, and classical microeconomics.\u003cbr\u003e At the same time, it explores the biological basis of political beliefs based on various scientific fields such as brain science, neuroscience, genetics and epigenetics, and evolutionary theory.\u003cbr\u003e By recognizing the existence of innate tendencies that cannot be changed by environment alone, we will be able to view humanity and politics from a more open perspective.\u003cbr\u003e This book will serve as a cornerstone for a better future for our community by helping us understand each other's characteristics and principles of behavior at a time when political conflict is intensifying. \u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:95%;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:20px\"\u003e GOODS SPECIFICS \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6em;\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eDate of issue:\u003c\/strong\u003e April 3, 2025\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n \u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e- \u003cstrong\u003ePage count, weight, size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 400 pages | 440g | 152*225*30mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9791173740275\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:1.6em;font-size:14px\"\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1173740279 \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"height:10px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43891437109290,"sku":"164599","price":29.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0683\/2750\/5962\/files\/523e7c30e9d00d4a032a9a531fa937e1.jpg?v=1765324828","url":"https:\/\/librairie.coreenne.fr\/en\/products\/164599","provider":"LIBRAIRIE COREENNE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}