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[Yesuri Cover] Others' Interpretations
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Book Introduction
Author of the global bestseller "Outliers"
A new book from world-renowned management thinker Malcolm Gladwell, his first in six years!
The most powerful advice on how to understand others
Malcolm Gladwell, the top business writer whose books, including "The Tipping Point," "Blink," "Outliers," and "David and Goliath," have all been New York Times bestsellers, has returned with a new book.
Another masterpiece, 『Talking to Strangers』 (original title: Talking to Strangers), was immediately published and became a bestseller in the New York Times, Amazon non-fiction category, and the Sunday Times, while also being selected as a 'Book of the Year' by Bloomberg, the Financial Times, and the Chicago Tribune.
We assume strangers are honest.
We mistakenly believe that we can know something about someone through their facial expressions, actions, or speech.
He doesn't see the world he belongs to.
If you use these tactics to mislead strangers, conflict is inevitable.
It shows the mistakes we make when dealing with strangers and the tragic consequences they can have, and suggests a change in strategy.
The one book you need to read to get closer to the truth of others, as you encounter people with different perspectives and backgrounds every day.
A new book from world-renowned management thinker Malcolm Gladwell, his first in six years!
The most powerful advice on how to understand others
Malcolm Gladwell, the top business writer whose books, including "The Tipping Point," "Blink," "Outliers," and "David and Goliath," have all been New York Times bestsellers, has returned with a new book.
Another masterpiece, 『Talking to Strangers』 (original title: Talking to Strangers), was immediately published and became a bestseller in the New York Times, Amazon non-fiction category, and the Sunday Times, while also being selected as a 'Book of the Year' by Bloomberg, the Financial Times, and the Chicago Tribune.
We assume strangers are honest.
We mistakenly believe that we can know something about someone through their facial expressions, actions, or speech.
He doesn't see the world he belongs to.
If you use these tactics to mislead strangers, conflict is inevitable.
It shows the mistakes we make when dealing with strangers and the tragic consequences they can have, and suggests a change in strategy.
The one book you need to read to get closer to the truth of others, as you encounter people with different perspectives and backgrounds every day.
- You can preview some of the book's contents.
Preview
index
Reviewer: Welcoming the return of Malcolm Gladwell
Preface: To Korean Readers
Entering
00.
When You Meet Someone You Don't Know: The End of Misunderstandings
Get out of the car | Clear events, insufficient interpretation | Different languages of strangers
Part 1.
The Truth About Lies: Two Mysteries
01.
Double Agent in Action: Why Don't We Know When a Stranger Lies to Our Face?
The Exile of the Renegade Aspillaga | Fidel Castro's Revenge | A World for Spies
02.
Meeting with the President: Why is it harder to get to know strangers when you meet them in person than when you don't?
Chamberlain's Diplomatic Mission | First Impressions of Hitler | Criminal or Victim | Solomon vs. AI | Knowing the Führer | The Illusion of Asymmetrical Insight
Part 2.
The Triumph of the Default Truth Theory: A First Tool for Understanding Strangers
03.
The Queen Who Kept the Pentagon: If You Always Trust Strangers
Warning Before Shooting | Perfect Timing | The Qualities of a Spy | You Had Suspicions | Why Lie Detectors Don't Work | Finally Finding the Queen of Cuba
04.
The Fool Saint Who Destroyed a Genius Conman: If You're Always Suspicious of Strangers
Madoff's Fraud Strategy | Markopolos's Fraud-Spotting Method | The Sense of the Foolish Saint | When Truth Is Not the Default | Shotguns, Bandoliers, and Gas Masks
05.
Abuse or Kindness: Between the Hard to Imagine and the Plausible
The Boy in the Shower | Our Sandusky | The Unconvinced Witness | Until You Can't Believe Anymore | The Boy Outside the Shower | Even When Trust Ends in Betrayal | Who Will You Work With?
Part 3.
The Failure of the Assumption of Transparency: A Second Tool for Understanding Strangers
06.
Acting in "Friends": People Who Smile When They're Happy
Crystal-Transparent Actors | Expressions of Joy, Anger, Sorrow, and Pleasure | Darwin's Ideas | Why on Earth? | The Myth of Transparency | Noise or Signal?
07.
Basis for Guilt: People Who Laugh When They're Sad
Amanda Knox's Game | Nelly, the Honest Suspect | I'll Look Sad | My Eyes Are Not Evidence
08.
Signals That Don't Work: When Your Inner Self and Your Attitude Don't Match
The End of a Social Club Party | Each Signal | A Glass Full of Wine | The Kamba Tribe's Moderate Party | There's No Truth in Drinking | There Was No Illegalities | The Power of Myopia | Blackout
Part 4.
The Truth Behind: Another Mystery
09.
A Terrorist's Confessions: Can You Perfectly Decode a Stranger?
The Most Extreme Stranger, KSM | The Birth of Advanced Journalism | The Terrorist Who Enjoys Pain | The Effects of Extreme Stress | The Truth That Can Never Be Digged
Part 5.
Breaking the Bond: The Third Tool for Understanding Strangers
10.
The Poet's Death: Actions Associated with a Specific Method
The often-foreshadowed farewell | The cursed genius's obsession | Carbon monoxide and the Golden Gate Bridge | Dracula, who only lingers in the alley | When and where did I encounter him? | If only I had been born ten years later | The world of strangers
11.
Urban Crime: Behaviors Associated with Specific Places
Kansas City Crime Sweep 1 | Kansas City Crime Sweep 2 | Attempting to Recreate a Miracle | Zooming in and Focusing
12.
When You Met Sandra Bland: The Beginning of a Misunderstanding
Encinia's Three Mistakes | Be Suspicious, Be Suspicious | Criminals Will Act Like Criminals | Do What You're Trained To Do | Go Where You Shouldn't | Limits
Acknowledgements
Americas
Search
Preface: To Korean Readers
Entering
00.
When You Meet Someone You Don't Know: The End of Misunderstandings
Get out of the car | Clear events, insufficient interpretation | Different languages of strangers
Part 1.
The Truth About Lies: Two Mysteries
01.
Double Agent in Action: Why Don't We Know When a Stranger Lies to Our Face?
The Exile of the Renegade Aspillaga | Fidel Castro's Revenge | A World for Spies
02.
Meeting with the President: Why is it harder to get to know strangers when you meet them in person than when you don't?
Chamberlain's Diplomatic Mission | First Impressions of Hitler | Criminal or Victim | Solomon vs. AI | Knowing the Führer | The Illusion of Asymmetrical Insight
Part 2.
The Triumph of the Default Truth Theory: A First Tool for Understanding Strangers
03.
The Queen Who Kept the Pentagon: If You Always Trust Strangers
Warning Before Shooting | Perfect Timing | The Qualities of a Spy | You Had Suspicions | Why Lie Detectors Don't Work | Finally Finding the Queen of Cuba
04.
The Fool Saint Who Destroyed a Genius Conman: If You're Always Suspicious of Strangers
Madoff's Fraud Strategy | Markopolos's Fraud-Spotting Method | The Sense of the Foolish Saint | When Truth Is Not the Default | Shotguns, Bandoliers, and Gas Masks
05.
Abuse or Kindness: Between the Hard to Imagine and the Plausible
The Boy in the Shower | Our Sandusky | The Unconvinced Witness | Until You Can't Believe Anymore | The Boy Outside the Shower | Even When Trust Ends in Betrayal | Who Will You Work With?
Part 3.
The Failure of the Assumption of Transparency: A Second Tool for Understanding Strangers
06.
Acting in "Friends": People Who Smile When They're Happy
Crystal-Transparent Actors | Expressions of Joy, Anger, Sorrow, and Pleasure | Darwin's Ideas | Why on Earth? | The Myth of Transparency | Noise or Signal?
07.
Basis for Guilt: People Who Laugh When They're Sad
Amanda Knox's Game | Nelly, the Honest Suspect | I'll Look Sad | My Eyes Are Not Evidence
08.
Signals That Don't Work: When Your Inner Self and Your Attitude Don't Match
The End of a Social Club Party | Each Signal | A Glass Full of Wine | The Kamba Tribe's Moderate Party | There's No Truth in Drinking | There Was No Illegalities | The Power of Myopia | Blackout
Part 4.
The Truth Behind: Another Mystery
09.
A Terrorist's Confessions: Can You Perfectly Decode a Stranger?
The Most Extreme Stranger, KSM | The Birth of Advanced Journalism | The Terrorist Who Enjoys Pain | The Effects of Extreme Stress | The Truth That Can Never Be Digged
Part 5.
Breaking the Bond: The Third Tool for Understanding Strangers
10.
The Poet's Death: Actions Associated with a Specific Method
The often-foreshadowed farewell | The cursed genius's obsession | Carbon monoxide and the Golden Gate Bridge | Dracula, who only lingers in the alley | When and where did I encounter him? | If only I had been born ten years later | The world of strangers
11.
Urban Crime: Behaviors Associated with Specific Places
Kansas City Crime Sweep 1 | Kansas City Crime Sweep 2 | Attempting to Recreate a Miracle | Zooming in and Focusing
12.
When You Met Sandra Bland: The Beginning of a Misunderstanding
Encinia's Three Mistakes | Be Suspicious, Be Suspicious | Criminals Will Act Like Criminals | Do What You're Trained To Do | Go Where You Shouldn't | Limits
Acknowledgements
Americas
Search
Detailed image
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Into the book
Strangers are a kind of danger.
As I argue, we think we can get a pretty good idea of a stranger when we first meet them.
And we judge whether that person is kind or dangerous, funny or boring, worried or happy.
But an accurate judgment is impossible.
We are very bad at making those kinds of judgments.
But at the same time, having such a weakness doesn't mean you can avoid meeting strangers.
Most of the beautiful and meaningful things in the world begin with the courage to speak to others.
The first step is to open your heart and be receptive to new people and experiences.
--- p.
14, 「Introduction.
From "To Korean Readers"
CIA officials can't identify spies, judges can't identify suspects, and prime ministers can't identify their opponents.
People struggle with first impressions of strangers.
People struggle for months to understand strangers.
Even if you meet someone just once, you struggle, and even if you meet a stranger many times, you struggle.
People struggle to assess whether strangers are honest.
Wrestle with the character of a stranger.
Wrestle with the intentions of strangers.
It's just confusing.
--- p.
69, 「02.
From “Meeting with the President”
We think we can easily see into other people's minds by glancing at a few clues.
I grab the opportunity to judge a stranger.
Of course, we never do that to ourselves.
Because we ourselves are subtle, complex, and incomprehensible.
But I think strangers can easily understand it.
If I can convince you of one thing in this book, it would be this:
Strangers are not easy to know.
--- p.
75, 「02.
From “Meeting with the President”
We are much better than chance at correctly guessing which students are telling the truth.
However, it is far worse than chance at correctly guessing a lying student.
We look at all these videos and guess “true, true, true.”
What this means is that during an interview, you can tell if someone is telling the truth and not if they are lying.
We take truth as the default.
Our assumption is that the people we deal with are honest.
--- p.
101, 「03.
From "The Queen Who Slept with the Pentagon"
In movies, a good detective catches the person being investigated lying right away.
But in the real world, it takes time to gather enough evidence to overwhelm our suspicions.
When you ask your husband if he's cheating, he says no, and you believe him.
Your default is that your husband tells the truth.
And even if I find some inconsistencies in my husband's story, I try to explain them away in some way.
But three months later, when she stumbles upon an unusual hotel charge on her husband's credit card bill, the combination of that bill, his weeks of absence without explanation, and a suspicious phone call sends her over the edge.
That's how lies are detected.
--- p.
115, 「03.
From "The Queen Who Slept with the Pentagon"
Levine argues that over the course of evolution, humans have not developed the complex and accurate skills to detect lies instantly.
Because there is no benefit to spending time scrutinizing the words and actions of those around you.
The advantage for humans is that they assume strangers are truthful.
As he puts it, “The trade-off between the default truth and the risk of lying is crucial for us.
What we gain in exchange for our occasional vulnerability to lies is efficient communication and social coordination.
The benefits are huge and the costs are trivial.
Of course, we are sometimes deceived.
“This is just the cost of doing business.”
--- p.
132~133, 「04.
From "The Foolish Saint Who Destroyed the Genius Fraudster"
If all coaches were assumed to be pedophiles, no parent would let their child leave the house, and no sane person would volunteer to be a coach.
We default to truth, no matter how dire the risks this decision entails.
Because there is no other choice.
Otherwise, society won't function.
And in the rare cases where trust ultimately leads to betrayal, those who are harmed by defaulting to truth deserve sympathy, not condemnation.
--- p.
177, 「05.
From "Abuse or Kindness"
Transparency is the idea that people's outward behavior and attitudes—the way they present themselves—provide a reliable and trustworthy window into how they feel on the inside.
This is the second of many crucial tools we use to get to know strangers.
When we don't know someone, don't communicate with them, or don't have time to truly understand them, we believe we can judge them by their actions and attitudes.
--- p.
190, 「06.
From the acting of [Friends]
Transparency is something of a myth.
It's an idea we pick up from watching too much television and reading too many novels.
In these dramas and novels, the main characters are often “surprised, their mouths wide open” and “their eyes widen in surprise.” Let’s continue listening to Schutzbold’s words.
“Clearly, the participants inferred that they felt surprised and that surprise was associated with a characteristic facial expression, so they should make this expression.
In most cases, this reasoning was flawed.” I don’t think this fallacy, this expectation that what happens outside will perfectly match what happens inside, is important to our friends.
One of the things about getting to know someone is understanding how idiosyncratic their emotional expressions can be.
--- p.
202, 「06.
From the acting of [Friends]
Whatever we try to find out about the stranger among us is not certain.
The "truth" about Amanda Knox, Jerry Sandusky, or KSM isn't some hard, shiny object that we can dig up if we just dig deep and look hard enough.
The truth we want to know about strangers is not hard and fast.
If you step on it without thinking, it will be crushed.
And from this fact comes the second cautionary note.
We need to accept that there are practical limits to our quest to understand strangers.
We will never know the whole truth.
We must be satisfied with some level of truth that falls short of the whole truth.
The right way to talk to a stranger is to be careful and humble.
If we had taken these lessons to heart, how many of the crises and controversies I have described could have been prevented?
--- p.
311, 「09.
From "Confessions of a Terrorist"
According to a national poll, three-quarters of Americans believe that if the Golden Gate Bridge were equipped with suicide prevention measures, most people who attempted to kill themselves from the bridge would choose other ways.
17 But this is a completely wrong idea.
Suicide is combined.
The first error we make when encountering strangers—the default assumption of truth and the illusion of transparency—has to do with our inability to grasp strangers as individuals.
But we add another error to these errors, which escalates the problem of encountering a stranger into a crisis.
We fail to understand the significance of the context in which the stranger moves.
As I argue, we think we can get a pretty good idea of a stranger when we first meet them.
And we judge whether that person is kind or dangerous, funny or boring, worried or happy.
But an accurate judgment is impossible.
We are very bad at making those kinds of judgments.
But at the same time, having such a weakness doesn't mean you can avoid meeting strangers.
Most of the beautiful and meaningful things in the world begin with the courage to speak to others.
The first step is to open your heart and be receptive to new people and experiences.
--- p.
14, 「Introduction.
From "To Korean Readers"
CIA officials can't identify spies, judges can't identify suspects, and prime ministers can't identify their opponents.
People struggle with first impressions of strangers.
People struggle for months to understand strangers.
Even if you meet someone just once, you struggle, and even if you meet a stranger many times, you struggle.
People struggle to assess whether strangers are honest.
Wrestle with the character of a stranger.
Wrestle with the intentions of strangers.
It's just confusing.
--- p.
69, 「02.
From “Meeting with the President”
We think we can easily see into other people's minds by glancing at a few clues.
I grab the opportunity to judge a stranger.
Of course, we never do that to ourselves.
Because we ourselves are subtle, complex, and incomprehensible.
But I think strangers can easily understand it.
If I can convince you of one thing in this book, it would be this:
Strangers are not easy to know.
--- p.
75, 「02.
From “Meeting with the President”
We are much better than chance at correctly guessing which students are telling the truth.
However, it is far worse than chance at correctly guessing a lying student.
We look at all these videos and guess “true, true, true.”
What this means is that during an interview, you can tell if someone is telling the truth and not if they are lying.
We take truth as the default.
Our assumption is that the people we deal with are honest.
--- p.
101, 「03.
From "The Queen Who Slept with the Pentagon"
In movies, a good detective catches the person being investigated lying right away.
But in the real world, it takes time to gather enough evidence to overwhelm our suspicions.
When you ask your husband if he's cheating, he says no, and you believe him.
Your default is that your husband tells the truth.
And even if I find some inconsistencies in my husband's story, I try to explain them away in some way.
But three months later, when she stumbles upon an unusual hotel charge on her husband's credit card bill, the combination of that bill, his weeks of absence without explanation, and a suspicious phone call sends her over the edge.
That's how lies are detected.
--- p.
115, 「03.
From "The Queen Who Slept with the Pentagon"
Levine argues that over the course of evolution, humans have not developed the complex and accurate skills to detect lies instantly.
Because there is no benefit to spending time scrutinizing the words and actions of those around you.
The advantage for humans is that they assume strangers are truthful.
As he puts it, “The trade-off between the default truth and the risk of lying is crucial for us.
What we gain in exchange for our occasional vulnerability to lies is efficient communication and social coordination.
The benefits are huge and the costs are trivial.
Of course, we are sometimes deceived.
“This is just the cost of doing business.”
--- p.
132~133, 「04.
From "The Foolish Saint Who Destroyed the Genius Fraudster"
If all coaches were assumed to be pedophiles, no parent would let their child leave the house, and no sane person would volunteer to be a coach.
We default to truth, no matter how dire the risks this decision entails.
Because there is no other choice.
Otherwise, society won't function.
And in the rare cases where trust ultimately leads to betrayal, those who are harmed by defaulting to truth deserve sympathy, not condemnation.
--- p.
177, 「05.
From "Abuse or Kindness"
Transparency is the idea that people's outward behavior and attitudes—the way they present themselves—provide a reliable and trustworthy window into how they feel on the inside.
This is the second of many crucial tools we use to get to know strangers.
When we don't know someone, don't communicate with them, or don't have time to truly understand them, we believe we can judge them by their actions and attitudes.
--- p.
190, 「06.
From the acting of [Friends]
Transparency is something of a myth.
It's an idea we pick up from watching too much television and reading too many novels.
In these dramas and novels, the main characters are often “surprised, their mouths wide open” and “their eyes widen in surprise.” Let’s continue listening to Schutzbold’s words.
“Clearly, the participants inferred that they felt surprised and that surprise was associated with a characteristic facial expression, so they should make this expression.
In most cases, this reasoning was flawed.” I don’t think this fallacy, this expectation that what happens outside will perfectly match what happens inside, is important to our friends.
One of the things about getting to know someone is understanding how idiosyncratic their emotional expressions can be.
--- p.
202, 「06.
From the acting of [Friends]
Whatever we try to find out about the stranger among us is not certain.
The "truth" about Amanda Knox, Jerry Sandusky, or KSM isn't some hard, shiny object that we can dig up if we just dig deep and look hard enough.
The truth we want to know about strangers is not hard and fast.
If you step on it without thinking, it will be crushed.
And from this fact comes the second cautionary note.
We need to accept that there are practical limits to our quest to understand strangers.
We will never know the whole truth.
We must be satisfied with some level of truth that falls short of the whole truth.
The right way to talk to a stranger is to be careful and humble.
If we had taken these lessons to heart, how many of the crises and controversies I have described could have been prevented?
--- p.
311, 「09.
From "Confessions of a Terrorist"
According to a national poll, three-quarters of Americans believe that if the Golden Gate Bridge were equipped with suicide prevention measures, most people who attempted to kill themselves from the bridge would choose other ways.
17 But this is a completely wrong idea.
Suicide is combined.
The first error we make when encountering strangers—the default assumption of truth and the illusion of transparency—has to do with our inability to grasp strangers as individuals.
But we add another error to these errors, which escalates the problem of encountering a stranger into a crisis.
We fail to understand the significance of the context in which the stranger moves.
--- p.
330, 「10.
From “The Poet’s Death”
330, 「10.
From “The Poet’s Death”
Publisher's Review
Author of the global bestseller "Outliers"
A new book from world-renowned management thinker Malcolm Gladwell, his first in six years!
The most powerful advice on how to understand others
Malcolm Gladwell, the top business writer who has published books such as 『The Tipping Point』, 『Blink』, 『Outliers』, and 『David and Goliath』, all of which have been New York Times bestsellers, has returned with his new book 『Talking to Strangers』.
Immediately after publication, it became a bestseller in the non-fiction category of the New York Times, the Sunday Times, and Amazon, and was selected as a 'Book of the Year' by Bloomberg, the Financial Times, and the Chicago Tribune, respectively.
Another masterpiece that surpasses its predecessor has been created, creating a sensation.
Malcolm Gladwell is recognized as a world-renowned management thinker for his brilliant writing and unique insights.
This time he doesn't disappoint us either.
His new work, 『Interpretations of Others』, released after six years, presents a fresh shock to readers with a sharp perspective that pierces through disparate cases into a single argument, an intellectual play that crosses academic boundaries and presents repeated twists, skillful writing that stimulates curiosity, and a groundbreaking conclusion that overturns myths.
This week's topic is 'communication and understanding'.
Why are we so bad at understanding others? Police arrest the "innocent," and judges acquit the "guilty."
A diplomat you trusted sells 'secrets' to another country, and a promising fund manager 'scams' investors.
From crimes that resulted from missing clues right in front of us, to convictions that resulted in a switch of suspects, to routine traffic stops that resulted in death, Malcolm Gladwell shows us many tragic cases where we mistakenly thought we knew someone we didn't know.
Through these examples, we will point out the errors we make when interacting with others, find the reasons for them in human nature and social conventions, and suggest ways to approach the truth of others.
There could be no more powerful advice on how to understand others you meet.
The Sandra Bland case: A driver caught in a traffic stop commits suicide
A report on misunderstandings and conflicts that arise from not knowing others properly.
There is a reason why Malcolm Gladwell wrote this book.
The incident begins when a white male police officer stops the car of a black female driver named Sandra Bland.
The driver lit a cigarette while asking several questions about the lane change signal.
Emotions run high and the argument drags on for an awkward amount of time.
The conversation between the two was recorded on a video camera mounted on the dashboard of the police car, and the video has been viewed millions of times on YouTube.
It ends with the police officer pulling Sandra Bland out of the car.
Three days later, Sandra Bland took her own life in jail.
The tragedy began when “a conversation with a stranger went wrong because I didn’t know how to talk to a stranger properly.”
Even if the outcome isn't as dire as this, there are countless examples of misunderstandings and conflicts that arise from a failure to properly interpret others.
Every day we meet others, judge them, and make important decisions.
After consulting with a professional designer, you sign up for a financial product and interview to select employees.
Did that fund generate high returns? Was the candidate with the highest interview score a more capable team member? If you answer "no" to any of these questions, you too are poor at understanding others.
What could be wrong?
Why We're So Bad at Understanding Others
3 Reasons Why We Misunderstand Others
●First, assume that others will be honest (default truth theory)
There was a case where it took 16 years from the first report to the verdict for a college football coach to be revealed as a pedophile.
It took over a decade for the CIA to uncover the identity of a spy working for Cuba.
What both incidents have in common is that their colleagues actively defended them.
The author finds the reason in human nature.
It means to be able to recognize those who tell the truth and not to recognize those who lie.
We take truth as the default.
To escape from this situation, some kind of trigger is needed, and the threshold for that trigger is high.
So, until the decisive evidence appears, I believe until I can't believe it.
It's not because we're careless, it's because that's how most humans are designed.
Second, we mistakenly believe that others' attitudes and inner selves are consistent (blind faith in the idea of transparency).
Who would be more effective in determining bail: a judge who met the suspect or an AI with only a criminal record? Who would have a better understanding of Hitler: British Prime Minister Chamberlain, who met Hitler, or his successor, Prime Minister Churchill, who only read Hitler's books? The judge reasoned that the suspect seemed remorseful, while Chamberlain argued that Hitler seemed to love peace.
But what was the result? The judge was defeated in his battle with the machine, and Hitler started a war.
There is also the case of Amanda Knox, who was accused of murder despite no evidence, simply because she did not appear to mourn her friend's death.
It shows our blind faith in transparency, our delusion that a person's attitude and inner self are consistent.
According to psychological experiments cited by the author, some tribes perceive angry faces as happy.
And expressing sadness doesn't necessarily have to be through tears.
Other people are not transparent.
Third, overlooking the importance of context in which actions are linked (ignoring cohesion)
Sylvia Plath, a poet who was gaining fame and being mentioned as a candidate for the Pulitzer Prize, took her own life from carbon monoxide poisoning.
He met the criteria for high-risk suicide.
She had attempted suicide before, suffered from depression, came from a broken home, and was abandoned by her husband.
If he couldn't kill himself with the oven, would he have tried something else? We tend to think that people with severe depression commit suicide.
However, after city gas was converted to natural gas and suicide prevention structures were installed on the Golden Gate Bridge, the overall number of suicides decreased.
These statistics show that it is not depressed people who commit suicide, but rather people who are placed in an environment that makes suicide more likely.
The author cites Kansas City's failed crime-fighting efforts as an example, suggesting that there are times and places when crime is more likely to occur.
Certain behaviors occur only under certain conditions.
How to approach the truth of others
What to Know When You Meet Someone You Don't Know
So, should we abandon these three strategies? If the answer were that simple, the misunderstandings and conflicts wouldn't have arisen in the first place.
Malcolm Gladwell isn't saying that all the strategies we've chosen are wrong.
We have no choice but to understand the perspective and background and talk to others who are different from us.
There is no price or sacrifice that can be paid for a stranger to become a friend.
And we cannot blame those who put 'truth as the default'.
The best assumptions we can make about other people that we believe to be 'true' are the very attributes that have shaped modern society.
Our nature to trust others sometimes leads to tragedy.
But the alternative is to give up trust, which is worse.
“If all coaches were assumed to be pedophiles, no parent would let their child leave the house, and no one in their right mind would volunteer to be a coach.
We default to truth, no matter how dire the risks this decision entails.
Otherwise, society won't function."
Above all, he says, we must accept that our ability to decipher strangers is limited.
“We think we can easily see into other people’s minds by glancing at a few clues.
I grab the opportunity to judge a stranger.
Of course, we never do that to ourselves.
Because we ourselves are subtle, complex, and incomprehensible.
But I think strangers can easily understand.” This is the only truth you need to know when you meet someone you don't know.
“It is difficult to know a stranger.”
A new book from world-renowned management thinker Malcolm Gladwell, his first in six years!
The most powerful advice on how to understand others
Malcolm Gladwell, the top business writer who has published books such as 『The Tipping Point』, 『Blink』, 『Outliers』, and 『David and Goliath』, all of which have been New York Times bestsellers, has returned with his new book 『Talking to Strangers』.
Immediately after publication, it became a bestseller in the non-fiction category of the New York Times, the Sunday Times, and Amazon, and was selected as a 'Book of the Year' by Bloomberg, the Financial Times, and the Chicago Tribune, respectively.
Another masterpiece that surpasses its predecessor has been created, creating a sensation.
Malcolm Gladwell is recognized as a world-renowned management thinker for his brilliant writing and unique insights.
This time he doesn't disappoint us either.
His new work, 『Interpretations of Others』, released after six years, presents a fresh shock to readers with a sharp perspective that pierces through disparate cases into a single argument, an intellectual play that crosses academic boundaries and presents repeated twists, skillful writing that stimulates curiosity, and a groundbreaking conclusion that overturns myths.
This week's topic is 'communication and understanding'.
Why are we so bad at understanding others? Police arrest the "innocent," and judges acquit the "guilty."
A diplomat you trusted sells 'secrets' to another country, and a promising fund manager 'scams' investors.
From crimes that resulted from missing clues right in front of us, to convictions that resulted in a switch of suspects, to routine traffic stops that resulted in death, Malcolm Gladwell shows us many tragic cases where we mistakenly thought we knew someone we didn't know.
Through these examples, we will point out the errors we make when interacting with others, find the reasons for them in human nature and social conventions, and suggest ways to approach the truth of others.
There could be no more powerful advice on how to understand others you meet.
The Sandra Bland case: A driver caught in a traffic stop commits suicide
A report on misunderstandings and conflicts that arise from not knowing others properly.
There is a reason why Malcolm Gladwell wrote this book.
The incident begins when a white male police officer stops the car of a black female driver named Sandra Bland.
The driver lit a cigarette while asking several questions about the lane change signal.
Emotions run high and the argument drags on for an awkward amount of time.
The conversation between the two was recorded on a video camera mounted on the dashboard of the police car, and the video has been viewed millions of times on YouTube.
It ends with the police officer pulling Sandra Bland out of the car.
Three days later, Sandra Bland took her own life in jail.
The tragedy began when “a conversation with a stranger went wrong because I didn’t know how to talk to a stranger properly.”
Even if the outcome isn't as dire as this, there are countless examples of misunderstandings and conflicts that arise from a failure to properly interpret others.
Every day we meet others, judge them, and make important decisions.
After consulting with a professional designer, you sign up for a financial product and interview to select employees.
Did that fund generate high returns? Was the candidate with the highest interview score a more capable team member? If you answer "no" to any of these questions, you too are poor at understanding others.
What could be wrong?
Why We're So Bad at Understanding Others
3 Reasons Why We Misunderstand Others
●First, assume that others will be honest (default truth theory)
There was a case where it took 16 years from the first report to the verdict for a college football coach to be revealed as a pedophile.
It took over a decade for the CIA to uncover the identity of a spy working for Cuba.
What both incidents have in common is that their colleagues actively defended them.
The author finds the reason in human nature.
It means to be able to recognize those who tell the truth and not to recognize those who lie.
We take truth as the default.
To escape from this situation, some kind of trigger is needed, and the threshold for that trigger is high.
So, until the decisive evidence appears, I believe until I can't believe it.
It's not because we're careless, it's because that's how most humans are designed.
Second, we mistakenly believe that others' attitudes and inner selves are consistent (blind faith in the idea of transparency).
Who would be more effective in determining bail: a judge who met the suspect or an AI with only a criminal record? Who would have a better understanding of Hitler: British Prime Minister Chamberlain, who met Hitler, or his successor, Prime Minister Churchill, who only read Hitler's books? The judge reasoned that the suspect seemed remorseful, while Chamberlain argued that Hitler seemed to love peace.
But what was the result? The judge was defeated in his battle with the machine, and Hitler started a war.
There is also the case of Amanda Knox, who was accused of murder despite no evidence, simply because she did not appear to mourn her friend's death.
It shows our blind faith in transparency, our delusion that a person's attitude and inner self are consistent.
According to psychological experiments cited by the author, some tribes perceive angry faces as happy.
And expressing sadness doesn't necessarily have to be through tears.
Other people are not transparent.
Third, overlooking the importance of context in which actions are linked (ignoring cohesion)
Sylvia Plath, a poet who was gaining fame and being mentioned as a candidate for the Pulitzer Prize, took her own life from carbon monoxide poisoning.
He met the criteria for high-risk suicide.
She had attempted suicide before, suffered from depression, came from a broken home, and was abandoned by her husband.
If he couldn't kill himself with the oven, would he have tried something else? We tend to think that people with severe depression commit suicide.
However, after city gas was converted to natural gas and suicide prevention structures were installed on the Golden Gate Bridge, the overall number of suicides decreased.
These statistics show that it is not depressed people who commit suicide, but rather people who are placed in an environment that makes suicide more likely.
The author cites Kansas City's failed crime-fighting efforts as an example, suggesting that there are times and places when crime is more likely to occur.
Certain behaviors occur only under certain conditions.
How to approach the truth of others
What to Know When You Meet Someone You Don't Know
So, should we abandon these three strategies? If the answer were that simple, the misunderstandings and conflicts wouldn't have arisen in the first place.
Malcolm Gladwell isn't saying that all the strategies we've chosen are wrong.
We have no choice but to understand the perspective and background and talk to others who are different from us.
There is no price or sacrifice that can be paid for a stranger to become a friend.
And we cannot blame those who put 'truth as the default'.
The best assumptions we can make about other people that we believe to be 'true' are the very attributes that have shaped modern society.
Our nature to trust others sometimes leads to tragedy.
But the alternative is to give up trust, which is worse.
“If all coaches were assumed to be pedophiles, no parent would let their child leave the house, and no one in their right mind would volunteer to be a coach.
We default to truth, no matter how dire the risks this decision entails.
Otherwise, society won't function."
Above all, he says, we must accept that our ability to decipher strangers is limited.
“We think we can easily see into other people’s minds by glancing at a few clues.
I grab the opportunity to judge a stranger.
Of course, we never do that to ourselves.
Because we ourselves are subtle, complex, and incomprehensible.
But I think strangers can easily understand.” This is the only truth you need to know when you meet someone you don't know.
“It is difficult to know a stranger.”
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: September 15, 2020
- Page count, weight, size: 472 pages | 614g | 152*225*30mm
- ISBN13: 9788934986591
- ISBN10: 893498659X
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