
Read the financial statements and cash flow
Description
Book Introduction
Samsung, LG, SK, Hyundai Motors, POSCO, Kakao, etc.
The lecture, praised by 700 companies at home and abroad, is finally available as a book!
Accountant Kang Dae-jun, chosen by the top 1% leaders
Everything you need to know about financial statement analysis to determine true corporate value!
Accountant Kang Dae-jun's lectures, which were a hit with 700 domestic and international companies, including Samsung, LG, SK, Hyundai Motors, POSCO, Kakao, Merck, and Siemens, have finally been published as a book.
In an era where even large corporations with sales exceeding 1 trillion won are collapsing due to cash shortages, sales and net income alone cannot reveal the true face of a company.
Cash flow, the indicator that Warren Buffett values most and that Wall Street analysts always check, is the key to assessing a company's survival and growth.
This book reveals the true stories behind the numbers of companies through vivid examples such as Ferrari and Tesla, Starbucks and Ediya, Apple's cash flow magic, and Kakao's complex structure.
This book is packed with practical know-how, from basics like how to find financial statements online and utilizing generative AI, to eight cash flow patterns that will determine which companies will survive 10 years from now, and even the ultimate criterion of "free cash flow."
Whether you're an investor seeking to understand the essence of a company, a CEO dreaming of sustainable growth, or a leader who must simultaneously navigate both crisis and opportunity, this book will give you the insight to see beyond the numbers.
The lecture, praised by 700 companies at home and abroad, is finally available as a book!
Accountant Kang Dae-jun, chosen by the top 1% leaders
Everything you need to know about financial statement analysis to determine true corporate value!
Accountant Kang Dae-jun's lectures, which were a hit with 700 domestic and international companies, including Samsung, LG, SK, Hyundai Motors, POSCO, Kakao, Merck, and Siemens, have finally been published as a book.
In an era where even large corporations with sales exceeding 1 trillion won are collapsing due to cash shortages, sales and net income alone cannot reveal the true face of a company.
Cash flow, the indicator that Warren Buffett values most and that Wall Street analysts always check, is the key to assessing a company's survival and growth.
This book reveals the true stories behind the numbers of companies through vivid examples such as Ferrari and Tesla, Starbucks and Ediya, Apple's cash flow magic, and Kakao's complex structure.
This book is packed with practical know-how, from basics like how to find financial statements online and utilizing generative AI, to eight cash flow patterns that will determine which companies will survive 10 years from now, and even the ultimate criterion of "free cash flow."
Whether you're an investor seeking to understand the essence of a company, a CEO dreaming of sustainable growth, or a leader who must simultaneously navigate both crisis and opportunity, this book will give you the insight to see beyond the numbers.
- You can preview some of the book's contents.
Preview
index
Prologue | Wealth Opportunities Await Those Who See Cash Flow
Part 1: Don't Be Fooled by the Numbers, Find the Flow
― The first step to understanding the essence of financial statements
Chapter 1: Surfing the Cash Flow Wave: The Secret to Sustainable Growth
Insights from a Cash Flow-Oriented Management Practice | Businesses thrive when money comes in first | Why Pursuing Sales Only Leads to Failure
Chapter 2: How to Read Companies Beyond the Limits of Information
Insiders and Outsiders Know Different Information | Finding the Truth in the Fog with Financial Statements | Warren Buffett's Investment Secrets
Chapter 3: A Record of Money Flow: The Journey of Accounting
Accounting is "Collecting and Calculating" | From the Medici Family to Wall Street: The History of Money | How Did People in the Past Manage Money? | Money Sense Modern People Need to Know
Chapter 4: Financial Statements: Where and How to Find Them
Where are the financial statements? | How to use the electronic disclosure system DART | Practical! Viewing financial statements on DART | Finding financial statements on corporate IR pages | How to use portal sites like Naver, Yahoo, and Bloomberg | Generative AI: A powerful tool for exploring financial information
Chapter 5: Investment Opportunities Revealed by Ferrari
Business Ideas Found in Documentaries | Business Analysis: Start with Everyday Life | Understanding the Essence of Business Through Numbers
Chapter 6: Financial Statement Analysis: What You Need to Know
What You Miss by Looking Only at Sales and Assets | Types of Financial Statements and Analysis Points | Financial Statements Shouldn't Be Viewed Separately
Chapter 7: Financial Statements: The World of Business Through Five Lenses
Balance Sheet: How's this company doing right now? | Income Statement: The tug-of-war between revenues and expenses | Cash Flow Statement: The cycle of money: earning, growing, and financing | Statement of Changes in Equity: The traces of capital etched like rings | Notes: The context behind the numbers | Seeing all five together reveals the full picture.
Chapter 8: Discovering a Company's True Value Beyond Ratios
Four Key Pillars of Financial Statement Analysis | Five Key Ratios for Understanding a Company's Health: Profitability, Liquidity, Stability, Activity, and Growth | Period-by-Period Analysis and Within-Period Analysis | Values Beyond Numbers Matter Too
Part 2: Don't Be Fooled by Sales, Read the Essence
― Beyond the traps of apparent growth
Chapter 9: Sales: Can We Really Trust the Numbers?
The Most Common Financial Metric: Sales | What's the Difference Between Sales, Revenue, and Profit? | In-Depth Analysis of Sales: The Case of Carrot Market and Nongshim | The Cashier Amount Isn't Sales
Chapter 10 Transaction Amount vs.
Don't get confused with sales
Transaction Volume in Platform Businesses | The Difference Between Transaction Volume and Revenue: A Case Study of Woowa Brothers | Is This a Sustainable Business Model?
Chapter 11: Why Ediya Has More Stores, But Starbucks Has Higher Sales
Two Revenue Structures in Franchise Businesses | Where Does the Gap Between Starbucks and Ediya Come From? | Revenue Recognition in Distribution Platform Companies: The Case of Coupang
Chapter 12: Net Sales: A Look at a Company's True Strength
The Difference Between Gross and Net Sales | What You Can Learn from Items Subtracted from Sales | The Role of Net Sales in Preventing Fraudulent Accounting
Chapter 13: Sales Flow and Value Chain
How do sales flow? | Sales Flow: Manufacturer → Distributor → Consumer | Using Terms Precisely to Avoid Confusion | Sales is the Flow of Value
Chapter 14: Different Sales Calculation Points for Each Industry
When are sales recognized? | Sales recognition timing varies by industry | Understanding the sales of a conglomerate: The case of Samsung C&T
Chapter 15: The Puzzle of Governance: Discovering the Hidden Links in Business
Curiosity That Started on an Airplane | Understanding Governance Structures Through Business Reports and IR Materials: The Case of Jeju Air | Dissecting Complex Governance Structures: The Case of Kakao
Chapter 16: The Matrix of Governance: Interpreting It Through Consolidated Financial Statements
Why are consolidated financial statements necessary? | Essential for assessing a company's overall performance | Separate and consolidated financial statements must be analyzed together | Numbers that appear in separate statements but disappear in consolidated statements: The case of Samsung Electronics
Chapter 17: Equity Method Profit and Loss: See the Big Picture
How Much Control Does a Parent Company Have? | Accounting for Subsidiaries and Associates: Consolidation and the Equity Method | Net Income Volatility Due to Equity Method Gains and Losses: The Case of SK Telecom | Valuations Vary Depending on Investment Purpose: Fair Value Financial Assets vs.
Affiliated companies
Chapter 18: Business Division Performance Hidden Behind a Single Sales
Business Segment Analysis Methods | 3D Business Segment Analysis: The Case of Hite Jinro | Why Business Segment Analysis Matters: The Case of LG Chem | Investor Inertia Caused Disaster: The Case of GE | Accounting Standards Moving Toward Strengthened Segment-Specific Disclosure
Part 3: Don't be fooled by the profits, discern the truth.
― Analyzing the power of cash
Chapter 19: A Complete Analysis of the Income Statement Structure
When looking at an income statement, consider the industry first. | How each line item connects to business activities. | The meaning of each line item on the income statement. | The income statement: the foundation for strategic decision-making.
Chapter 20: Reading Corporate DNA from the Income Statement
The Relationship Between the Income Statement and Cost Structure | Cost Structure Case Study: Romanee-Conti vs.
Mass-Production Wineries | Leverage and Cost Structure
Chapter 21: The Path to Profit Interpretation: The Financial Statement as a Life Map
Financial statements: Recording the past to predict the future | Why are they called "balance sheets"? | The story of Pacioli, the father of double-entry bookkeeping | Why you should start with the balance sheet
Chapter 22: Analyzing the Financial Statements Item by Item
The Overall Structure of the Balance Sheet | Understanding Assets | Analyzing Liabilities | Understanding Capital Structure
Chapter 23: EBITDA: The Global Language Translating Profits
Understanding terminology is fundamental in both management and investing. | What is EBIT? | What is EBITDA? | EBITDA and EV/EBITDA: The Keys to Corporate Valuation | EBITDA's Limitations: Supplementing It with the Cash Flow Statement
Chapter 24: Good Profit vs. Bad Profit: The Flow of Money Is the Criterion
The true value of profits ultimately depends on whether they are converted into cash | Managing Earnings Quality: The Merck Case | Non-cash Costs That Affect Earnings Quality | The Cash Flow Timing Game: Working Capital Management | The Importance of Repeatable Earnings and Cash Flow
Chapter 25: Working Capital is the Oxygen of Business
The Art of Balance: Working Capital Management | Case Studies of Working Capital Management Successes and Failures | Properly Interpreting Net Working Capital | Net Working Capital Management: The Case of Walmart and Coupang | Working Capital Turnover Indicators: The Case of Samsung Electronics | Working Capital Management Determines Corporate Survival
Part 4: Don't Be Fooled by Appearances; Follow the Path of Money
― The flow of value that determines the future of a company
Chapter 26 Winning Companies vs.
Losing company
Flexibility to Adapt to the Times: Microsoft's Triumph | Past Glory Now Shackled: Novell's Decline | The Consequences of Differences in Business Models and Cash Flow | The Key to a Persistently Winning Company
Chapter 27: Special Mission! Shorten the Cash Conversion Period!
Fast incoming, slow outgoing | What is the cash conversion period? | The God of Cash Conversion Period Management: The Apple Case | The Conflicting Positions of Apple and Foxconn | Is Our Cash Circulating Properly?
Chapter 28: The Three Branches of Cash Flow
Cash Flow from Operating Activities: A Measure of Core Business Performance | Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Investing for the Future | Cash Flow from Financing Activities: The Flow of Funds Raised and Repaid | The Organic Connection of the Three Activities
Chapter 29: Growth and Crisis Through Cash Flow: Analyzing Eight Patterns
Operating cash flow revealed only after adjustments | Seeing the big picture of cash flow through pattern analysis | Specific examples of 8 cash flow patterns | Developing pattern analysis skills
Chapter 30: Cash Flows to Become Power
Cash hoarded is a burden, not an asset | Why cash doesn't benefit businesses | How to make cash work for you: The cases of Alphabet, Nvidia, and Disney
Chapter 31: The Evolution of Key Indicators by Era: From Sales to Free Cash Flow
Corporate Evaluation Criteria Changing with the Times | Which Era Are You Looking at Now?
Chapter 32: The Emergence of the Real Hero: Free Cash Flow
Real money a company can spend freely | How is free cash flow calculated? | Why free cash flow is a key indicator of corporate valuation | The many things you can do with free cash flow | The power that determines a company's future: free cash flow
Epilogue | Deciphering the Flow of Money in Numbers
Part 1: Don't Be Fooled by the Numbers, Find the Flow
― The first step to understanding the essence of financial statements
Chapter 1: Surfing the Cash Flow Wave: The Secret to Sustainable Growth
Insights from a Cash Flow-Oriented Management Practice | Businesses thrive when money comes in first | Why Pursuing Sales Only Leads to Failure
Chapter 2: How to Read Companies Beyond the Limits of Information
Insiders and Outsiders Know Different Information | Finding the Truth in the Fog with Financial Statements | Warren Buffett's Investment Secrets
Chapter 3: A Record of Money Flow: The Journey of Accounting
Accounting is "Collecting and Calculating" | From the Medici Family to Wall Street: The History of Money | How Did People in the Past Manage Money? | Money Sense Modern People Need to Know
Chapter 4: Financial Statements: Where and How to Find Them
Where are the financial statements? | How to use the electronic disclosure system DART | Practical! Viewing financial statements on DART | Finding financial statements on corporate IR pages | How to use portal sites like Naver, Yahoo, and Bloomberg | Generative AI: A powerful tool for exploring financial information
Chapter 5: Investment Opportunities Revealed by Ferrari
Business Ideas Found in Documentaries | Business Analysis: Start with Everyday Life | Understanding the Essence of Business Through Numbers
Chapter 6: Financial Statement Analysis: What You Need to Know
What You Miss by Looking Only at Sales and Assets | Types of Financial Statements and Analysis Points | Financial Statements Shouldn't Be Viewed Separately
Chapter 7: Financial Statements: The World of Business Through Five Lenses
Balance Sheet: How's this company doing right now? | Income Statement: The tug-of-war between revenues and expenses | Cash Flow Statement: The cycle of money: earning, growing, and financing | Statement of Changes in Equity: The traces of capital etched like rings | Notes: The context behind the numbers | Seeing all five together reveals the full picture.
Chapter 8: Discovering a Company's True Value Beyond Ratios
Four Key Pillars of Financial Statement Analysis | Five Key Ratios for Understanding a Company's Health: Profitability, Liquidity, Stability, Activity, and Growth | Period-by-Period Analysis and Within-Period Analysis | Values Beyond Numbers Matter Too
Part 2: Don't Be Fooled by Sales, Read the Essence
― Beyond the traps of apparent growth
Chapter 9: Sales: Can We Really Trust the Numbers?
The Most Common Financial Metric: Sales | What's the Difference Between Sales, Revenue, and Profit? | In-Depth Analysis of Sales: The Case of Carrot Market and Nongshim | The Cashier Amount Isn't Sales
Chapter 10 Transaction Amount vs.
Don't get confused with sales
Transaction Volume in Platform Businesses | The Difference Between Transaction Volume and Revenue: A Case Study of Woowa Brothers | Is This a Sustainable Business Model?
Chapter 11: Why Ediya Has More Stores, But Starbucks Has Higher Sales
Two Revenue Structures in Franchise Businesses | Where Does the Gap Between Starbucks and Ediya Come From? | Revenue Recognition in Distribution Platform Companies: The Case of Coupang
Chapter 12: Net Sales: A Look at a Company's True Strength
The Difference Between Gross and Net Sales | What You Can Learn from Items Subtracted from Sales | The Role of Net Sales in Preventing Fraudulent Accounting
Chapter 13: Sales Flow and Value Chain
How do sales flow? | Sales Flow: Manufacturer → Distributor → Consumer | Using Terms Precisely to Avoid Confusion | Sales is the Flow of Value
Chapter 14: Different Sales Calculation Points for Each Industry
When are sales recognized? | Sales recognition timing varies by industry | Understanding the sales of a conglomerate: The case of Samsung C&T
Chapter 15: The Puzzle of Governance: Discovering the Hidden Links in Business
Curiosity That Started on an Airplane | Understanding Governance Structures Through Business Reports and IR Materials: The Case of Jeju Air | Dissecting Complex Governance Structures: The Case of Kakao
Chapter 16: The Matrix of Governance: Interpreting It Through Consolidated Financial Statements
Why are consolidated financial statements necessary? | Essential for assessing a company's overall performance | Separate and consolidated financial statements must be analyzed together | Numbers that appear in separate statements but disappear in consolidated statements: The case of Samsung Electronics
Chapter 17: Equity Method Profit and Loss: See the Big Picture
How Much Control Does a Parent Company Have? | Accounting for Subsidiaries and Associates: Consolidation and the Equity Method | Net Income Volatility Due to Equity Method Gains and Losses: The Case of SK Telecom | Valuations Vary Depending on Investment Purpose: Fair Value Financial Assets vs.
Affiliated companies
Chapter 18: Business Division Performance Hidden Behind a Single Sales
Business Segment Analysis Methods | 3D Business Segment Analysis: The Case of Hite Jinro | Why Business Segment Analysis Matters: The Case of LG Chem | Investor Inertia Caused Disaster: The Case of GE | Accounting Standards Moving Toward Strengthened Segment-Specific Disclosure
Part 3: Don't be fooled by the profits, discern the truth.
― Analyzing the power of cash
Chapter 19: A Complete Analysis of the Income Statement Structure
When looking at an income statement, consider the industry first. | How each line item connects to business activities. | The meaning of each line item on the income statement. | The income statement: the foundation for strategic decision-making.
Chapter 20: Reading Corporate DNA from the Income Statement
The Relationship Between the Income Statement and Cost Structure | Cost Structure Case Study: Romanee-Conti vs.
Mass-Production Wineries | Leverage and Cost Structure
Chapter 21: The Path to Profit Interpretation: The Financial Statement as a Life Map
Financial statements: Recording the past to predict the future | Why are they called "balance sheets"? | The story of Pacioli, the father of double-entry bookkeeping | Why you should start with the balance sheet
Chapter 22: Analyzing the Financial Statements Item by Item
The Overall Structure of the Balance Sheet | Understanding Assets | Analyzing Liabilities | Understanding Capital Structure
Chapter 23: EBITDA: The Global Language Translating Profits
Understanding terminology is fundamental in both management and investing. | What is EBIT? | What is EBITDA? | EBITDA and EV/EBITDA: The Keys to Corporate Valuation | EBITDA's Limitations: Supplementing It with the Cash Flow Statement
Chapter 24: Good Profit vs. Bad Profit: The Flow of Money Is the Criterion
The true value of profits ultimately depends on whether they are converted into cash | Managing Earnings Quality: The Merck Case | Non-cash Costs That Affect Earnings Quality | The Cash Flow Timing Game: Working Capital Management | The Importance of Repeatable Earnings and Cash Flow
Chapter 25: Working Capital is the Oxygen of Business
The Art of Balance: Working Capital Management | Case Studies of Working Capital Management Successes and Failures | Properly Interpreting Net Working Capital | Net Working Capital Management: The Case of Walmart and Coupang | Working Capital Turnover Indicators: The Case of Samsung Electronics | Working Capital Management Determines Corporate Survival
Part 4: Don't Be Fooled by Appearances; Follow the Path of Money
― The flow of value that determines the future of a company
Chapter 26 Winning Companies vs.
Losing company
Flexibility to Adapt to the Times: Microsoft's Triumph | Past Glory Now Shackled: Novell's Decline | The Consequences of Differences in Business Models and Cash Flow | The Key to a Persistently Winning Company
Chapter 27: Special Mission! Shorten the Cash Conversion Period!
Fast incoming, slow outgoing | What is the cash conversion period? | The God of Cash Conversion Period Management: The Apple Case | The Conflicting Positions of Apple and Foxconn | Is Our Cash Circulating Properly?
Chapter 28: The Three Branches of Cash Flow
Cash Flow from Operating Activities: A Measure of Core Business Performance | Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Investing for the Future | Cash Flow from Financing Activities: The Flow of Funds Raised and Repaid | The Organic Connection of the Three Activities
Chapter 29: Growth and Crisis Through Cash Flow: Analyzing Eight Patterns
Operating cash flow revealed only after adjustments | Seeing the big picture of cash flow through pattern analysis | Specific examples of 8 cash flow patterns | Developing pattern analysis skills
Chapter 30: Cash Flows to Become Power
Cash hoarded is a burden, not an asset | Why cash doesn't benefit businesses | How to make cash work for you: The cases of Alphabet, Nvidia, and Disney
Chapter 31: The Evolution of Key Indicators by Era: From Sales to Free Cash Flow
Corporate Evaluation Criteria Changing with the Times | Which Era Are You Looking at Now?
Chapter 32: The Emergence of the Real Hero: Free Cash Flow
Real money a company can spend freely | How is free cash flow calculated? | Why free cash flow is a key indicator of corporate valuation | The many things you can do with free cash flow | The power that determines a company's future: free cash flow
Epilogue | Deciphering the Flow of Money in Numbers
Detailed image

Into the book
I once worked as a professional manager at a company that operated a cosmetics brand and gained practical experience.
At one point, a new product launched by the company became much more popular in the market than expected.
Additional orders poured in from buyers, and there was a lot of talk within the company that production should be doubled or tripled immediately.
But the company's founder gave instructions calmly and coolly.
“Don’t just start producing when orders increase. Be sure to secure advance payments before making any moves.
"We need to have money coming in before we can produce our products." … As a result, the company's balance sheet was completely free of bank borrowings and accounts payable. OEM manufacturers also secured the funds they needed to build additional production facilities because the company promptly paid for their production.
Additionally, since the product was delivered immediately after production, there was no burden of inventory management.
With the principles of cash flow adhered to, the entire supply chain ran incredibly smoothly.
--- From "Chapter 1 Surfing the Cash Flow: The Secret to Sustainable Growth"
Generative AI, like ChatGPT, is emerging as a powerful assistant in financial statement exploration and analysis.
In the past, you had to search through DART or corporate IR pages to find the information you wanted, but now you can get quick guidance by asking AI just one line.
For example, if you ask, “Tell me about Samsung Electronics’ operating cash flow trends over the past three years,” AI will summarize the figures in a massive report or provide a perspective for comparative analysis.
Also, if you ask, “What is Apple’s free cash flow pattern?”, it will give you a general overview based on a publicly available global database.
Of course, AI does not directly verify the raw data.
The accuracy of each number must be verified in DART, corporate IR materials, and official reports.
But the real value of AI lies elsewhere.
It's the ability to tell you where to look first in a report that's hundreds of pages long and summarize the key points.
--- From "Chapter 4 Financial Statements: Where and How to Find Them"
An interesting point stands out when looking at Samsung Electronics' separate financial statements for 2023.
Despite an operating loss of 11 trillion won, net profit for the period reached a whopping 25 trillion won.
This is because non-operating income, especially dividend income, reached 29 trillion won.
Where did these massive dividends come from? They came from Samsung Electronics' 232 subsidiaries and six affiliates.
However, Samsung Electronics' consolidated financial statements show dividend income as 164.2 billion won, not 29 trillion won.
Why is this? Because Samsung Electronics and its subsidiaries are treated as a single company in consolidated financial statements.
To put it metaphorically, it's like I transferred money from my bank account to another bank account.
Samsung Electronics receiving dividends from its subsidiaries is also equivalent to giving its own money to itself on a consolidated basis.
For this reason, these 'internal dividends' are not recognized as non-operating income in consolidated financial statements.
As a result, the dividends Samsung Electronics receives from its subsidiaries create a unique situation where they are only visible in separate financial statements, not consolidated financial statements.
This is because transactions between parent companies and subsidiaries are adjusted on a consolidation basis.
Understanding these differences is key to a balanced analysis of separate and consolidated financial statements.
--- From "Chapter 16: The Matrix of Governance Structure, Interpreted Through Consolidated Financial Statements"
Coupang garnered investor attention in its 2021 IPO filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), emphasizing its cash flow-centric management strategy.
The key was efficient use of net working capital.
Coupang has secured a flexible cash flow by receiving payment from customers immediately and relatively delaying payment to suppliers.
This is a method of maximizing the period of time a company holds cash by increasing accounts payable, and is a typical example of the "negative net working capital" model commonly seen in the distribution industry, such as the Walmart case.
--- From Chapter 25, “Working Capital is the Oxygen of a Business”
Apple, uniquely, has a negative cash conversion period.
As of 2024, it is -73 days.
What this means is that Apple continues to hold on to its cash.
Specifically, Apple receives cash from customers within one month of selling a product.
However, the raw materials required to produce the product and the price of the ordered product are designed to be paid after three months.
The cash conversion period is negative because cash comes in first and suppliers are paid later.
This structure provides Apple with significant cash flow flexibility and a strong advantage in terms of capital management.
First, you don't have to rely on external funding, and second, you can use your funds freely as if you always had cash on hand.
This system clearly demonstrates how Apple maintains high demand among consumers and exerts strong negotiating power within its supply chain.
Apple's business model is a case study that demonstrates both financial stability and strong financial management capabilities.
--- From Chapter 27, "Special Mission! Shorten the Cash Conversion Period!"
Free cash flow is the most valuable resource a company generates.
How this cash is used determines the future value of the company.
Companies can pursue endogenous or exogenous growth, and can also return value to shareholders through dividends or stock repurchases.
Above all, the more free cash flow a company has, the more flexibility and opportunity it has to choose the most effective strategy.
A prime example of successfully leveraging this strategy is Microsoft. Since the 2010s, Microsoft has completely transformed its growth strategy by leveraging its free cash flow to make large-scale investments in cloud computing (Azure) and AI development.
By shifting from a traditional software sales model to a subscription-based cloud service, the company generated massive cash flows, which it leveraged to make major M&As, including LinkedIn, GitHub, and Activision Blizzard.
Additionally, the company has adopted a strategy of continuously paying dividends and repurchasing its own stock to return value to shareholders.
The driving force behind the company's ability to simultaneously implement investment in long-term growth and shareholder-friendly policies was its robust free cash flow.
At one point, a new product launched by the company became much more popular in the market than expected.
Additional orders poured in from buyers, and there was a lot of talk within the company that production should be doubled or tripled immediately.
But the company's founder gave instructions calmly and coolly.
“Don’t just start producing when orders increase. Be sure to secure advance payments before making any moves.
"We need to have money coming in before we can produce our products." … As a result, the company's balance sheet was completely free of bank borrowings and accounts payable. OEM manufacturers also secured the funds they needed to build additional production facilities because the company promptly paid for their production.
Additionally, since the product was delivered immediately after production, there was no burden of inventory management.
With the principles of cash flow adhered to, the entire supply chain ran incredibly smoothly.
--- From "Chapter 1 Surfing the Cash Flow: The Secret to Sustainable Growth"
Generative AI, like ChatGPT, is emerging as a powerful assistant in financial statement exploration and analysis.
In the past, you had to search through DART or corporate IR pages to find the information you wanted, but now you can get quick guidance by asking AI just one line.
For example, if you ask, “Tell me about Samsung Electronics’ operating cash flow trends over the past three years,” AI will summarize the figures in a massive report or provide a perspective for comparative analysis.
Also, if you ask, “What is Apple’s free cash flow pattern?”, it will give you a general overview based on a publicly available global database.
Of course, AI does not directly verify the raw data.
The accuracy of each number must be verified in DART, corporate IR materials, and official reports.
But the real value of AI lies elsewhere.
It's the ability to tell you where to look first in a report that's hundreds of pages long and summarize the key points.
--- From "Chapter 4 Financial Statements: Where and How to Find Them"
An interesting point stands out when looking at Samsung Electronics' separate financial statements for 2023.
Despite an operating loss of 11 trillion won, net profit for the period reached a whopping 25 trillion won.
This is because non-operating income, especially dividend income, reached 29 trillion won.
Where did these massive dividends come from? They came from Samsung Electronics' 232 subsidiaries and six affiliates.
However, Samsung Electronics' consolidated financial statements show dividend income as 164.2 billion won, not 29 trillion won.
Why is this? Because Samsung Electronics and its subsidiaries are treated as a single company in consolidated financial statements.
To put it metaphorically, it's like I transferred money from my bank account to another bank account.
Samsung Electronics receiving dividends from its subsidiaries is also equivalent to giving its own money to itself on a consolidated basis.
For this reason, these 'internal dividends' are not recognized as non-operating income in consolidated financial statements.
As a result, the dividends Samsung Electronics receives from its subsidiaries create a unique situation where they are only visible in separate financial statements, not consolidated financial statements.
This is because transactions between parent companies and subsidiaries are adjusted on a consolidation basis.
Understanding these differences is key to a balanced analysis of separate and consolidated financial statements.
--- From "Chapter 16: The Matrix of Governance Structure, Interpreted Through Consolidated Financial Statements"
Coupang garnered investor attention in its 2021 IPO filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), emphasizing its cash flow-centric management strategy.
The key was efficient use of net working capital.
Coupang has secured a flexible cash flow by receiving payment from customers immediately and relatively delaying payment to suppliers.
This is a method of maximizing the period of time a company holds cash by increasing accounts payable, and is a typical example of the "negative net working capital" model commonly seen in the distribution industry, such as the Walmart case.
--- From Chapter 25, “Working Capital is the Oxygen of a Business”
Apple, uniquely, has a negative cash conversion period.
As of 2024, it is -73 days.
What this means is that Apple continues to hold on to its cash.
Specifically, Apple receives cash from customers within one month of selling a product.
However, the raw materials required to produce the product and the price of the ordered product are designed to be paid after three months.
The cash conversion period is negative because cash comes in first and suppliers are paid later.
This structure provides Apple with significant cash flow flexibility and a strong advantage in terms of capital management.
First, you don't have to rely on external funding, and second, you can use your funds freely as if you always had cash on hand.
This system clearly demonstrates how Apple maintains high demand among consumers and exerts strong negotiating power within its supply chain.
Apple's business model is a case study that demonstrates both financial stability and strong financial management capabilities.
--- From Chapter 27, "Special Mission! Shorten the Cash Conversion Period!"
Free cash flow is the most valuable resource a company generates.
How this cash is used determines the future value of the company.
Companies can pursue endogenous or exogenous growth, and can also return value to shareholders through dividends or stock repurchases.
Above all, the more free cash flow a company has, the more flexibility and opportunity it has to choose the most effective strategy.
A prime example of successfully leveraging this strategy is Microsoft. Since the 2010s, Microsoft has completely transformed its growth strategy by leveraging its free cash flow to make large-scale investments in cloud computing (Azure) and AI development.
By shifting from a traditional software sales model to a subscription-based cloud service, the company generated massive cash flows, which it leveraged to make major M&As, including LinkedIn, GitHub, and Activision Blizzard.
Additionally, the company has adopted a strategy of continuously paying dividends and repurchasing its own stock to return value to shareholders.
The driving force behind the company's ability to simultaneously implement investment in long-term growth and shareholder-friendly policies was its robust free cash flow.
--- From "Chapter 32: The Emergence of the Real Protagonist: Surplus Cash Flow"
Publisher's Review
In an era where even companies with sales of 1 trillion won are going bankrupt despite being in the black,
Read the critical numbers that determine the fate of your company!
Cash flow is more important than sales or profits.
The latest financial statement analysis guide to identify promising companies!
√ Everything from how to read financial statements to the latest accounting trends, all in one place!
√ Learn vivid analysis know-how through actual domestic and international corporate cases, including Samsung and Apple.
√ How to identify a business model that will survive 10 years from now
√ Identify financial signals that can help you identify risky companies early on.
√ A complete explanation of the key indicators that determine a company's true value!
"Why would a company go bankrupt if it's in the black?" In a rapidly changing business environment, it's difficult to discern a company's true state based solely on sales and net income.
CPA Daejun Kang, who is competitively invited by 700 domestic and international companies, including Samsung, LG, SK, Hyundai Motors, POSCO, Kakao, Merck, and Siemens, presents a new standard for interpreting financial statements based on his extensive experience in management.
Now, we need to look at 'cash flow' rather than sales or profits.
Cash flow tells the whole story: from bankruptcies to fraudulent accounting to signs of crisis hidden behind a flashy facade.
The Power of Cash Flow, as Seen by Warren Buffett
The criteria for distinguishing companies that will survive 10 years from now!
In the past, sales volume was the key indicator of a company's success, followed by profit.
Now is the age of cash flow.
Sales may be manipulated on the books and profits may be temporary, but cash movements don't lie.
Cash flow is the number that Warren Buffett values most and that Wall Street analysts always check.
The book provides key insights into analyzing companies by examining the differences in sales structures between Starbucks and Ediya, the distinction between Woowa Brothers' transaction volume and sales, an analysis of Kakao's governance structure, and the actual financial statements of companies we encounter in our daily lives, such as Ferrari, Tesla, Carrot Market, and Samsung Electronics.
The author emphasizes the importance of managing the "cash conversion period," pointing out that Apple's strategy of controlling cash inflows quickly and outflows slowly has created its current competitive advantage.
It also suggests ways to distinguish between growing and struggling companies by analyzing eight cash flow patterns.
Above all, through the most crucial concept of this book, "free cash flow," it teaches you how to determine how much real money a company can actually spend freely.
The author says this is a crucial criterion for distinguishing companies that will survive 10 years from now.
Financial statement interpretation methods that can be applied directly to practice
A solid compass in the cash flow era
Financial statements are not just numbers; they are the story a company tells.
You can gain insight into the business model behind sales, the company's DNA embedded in its profit structure, and even the management's strategy and execution capabilities revealed in cash flow.
The book also increases practical utility.
It reflects the latest trends, from how to find financial statements to how to use portals like the electronic disclosure system DART and Naver, to how to search for information using generative AI.
It is structured so that even those unfamiliar with financial statements can gain basic knowledge and deep insights all at once.
In an era where a cash flow-centric perspective is crucial for businesses, this book offers practical insights that can be widely utilized by managers, entrepreneurs, investors, and even practitioners and students learning financial statement analysis.
It will serve as a solid guide for anyone seeking a new perspective centered on cash flow.
Read the critical numbers that determine the fate of your company!
Cash flow is more important than sales or profits.
The latest financial statement analysis guide to identify promising companies!
√ Everything from how to read financial statements to the latest accounting trends, all in one place!
√ Learn vivid analysis know-how through actual domestic and international corporate cases, including Samsung and Apple.
√ How to identify a business model that will survive 10 years from now
√ Identify financial signals that can help you identify risky companies early on.
√ A complete explanation of the key indicators that determine a company's true value!
"Why would a company go bankrupt if it's in the black?" In a rapidly changing business environment, it's difficult to discern a company's true state based solely on sales and net income.
CPA Daejun Kang, who is competitively invited by 700 domestic and international companies, including Samsung, LG, SK, Hyundai Motors, POSCO, Kakao, Merck, and Siemens, presents a new standard for interpreting financial statements based on his extensive experience in management.
Now, we need to look at 'cash flow' rather than sales or profits.
Cash flow tells the whole story: from bankruptcies to fraudulent accounting to signs of crisis hidden behind a flashy facade.
The Power of Cash Flow, as Seen by Warren Buffett
The criteria for distinguishing companies that will survive 10 years from now!
In the past, sales volume was the key indicator of a company's success, followed by profit.
Now is the age of cash flow.
Sales may be manipulated on the books and profits may be temporary, but cash movements don't lie.
Cash flow is the number that Warren Buffett values most and that Wall Street analysts always check.
The book provides key insights into analyzing companies by examining the differences in sales structures between Starbucks and Ediya, the distinction between Woowa Brothers' transaction volume and sales, an analysis of Kakao's governance structure, and the actual financial statements of companies we encounter in our daily lives, such as Ferrari, Tesla, Carrot Market, and Samsung Electronics.
The author emphasizes the importance of managing the "cash conversion period," pointing out that Apple's strategy of controlling cash inflows quickly and outflows slowly has created its current competitive advantage.
It also suggests ways to distinguish between growing and struggling companies by analyzing eight cash flow patterns.
Above all, through the most crucial concept of this book, "free cash flow," it teaches you how to determine how much real money a company can actually spend freely.
The author says this is a crucial criterion for distinguishing companies that will survive 10 years from now.
Financial statement interpretation methods that can be applied directly to practice
A solid compass in the cash flow era
Financial statements are not just numbers; they are the story a company tells.
You can gain insight into the business model behind sales, the company's DNA embedded in its profit structure, and even the management's strategy and execution capabilities revealed in cash flow.
The book also increases practical utility.
It reflects the latest trends, from how to find financial statements to how to use portals like the electronic disclosure system DART and Naver, to how to search for information using generative AI.
It is structured so that even those unfamiliar with financial statements can gain basic knowledge and deep insights all at once.
In an era where a cash flow-centric perspective is crucial for businesses, this book offers practical insights that can be widely utilized by managers, entrepreneurs, investors, and even practitioners and students learning financial statement analysis.
It will serve as a solid guide for anyone seeking a new perspective centered on cash flow.
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: October 17, 2025
- Page count, weight, size: 360 pages | 712g | 165*235*21mm
- ISBN13: 9791162544402
- ISBN10: 1162544406
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