Chapter 1 Application Standards

1.1 Purpose 010
1.2 Application Principle 011
1.3 Application Criteria 012
1.4 Composition of construction costs 038
1.5 Estimation of construction costs 041

Chapter 2 Site Development and Land Formation

2.1 Application Criteria 048
2.2 Volume conversion factor 049
2.3 Construction Equipment Application Standards 050
2.4 Construction Equipment Construction Capability 055

Chapter 3 Planting Base Construction Project

3.1 Topsoil Collection and Utilization 072
3.2 Landscaping Earthwork 074

Chapter 4 Food Base

4.1 General Planting-Based Planting 088
4.2 Artificial Planting-Based Planting 098
4.3 Tree Transplanting 107
4.4 Grass Planting 125

Chapter 5 Landscape Facility Construction

5.1 Common Landscaping Facilities 134
5.2 Landscape Structures 184
5.3 On-site production and installation facilities 185
5.4 Outdoor facilities 185
5.5 Amusement facilities 194
5.6 Exercise and Fitness Facilities 195
5.7 Hydroponic Facilities 195
5.8 Environmental Design Facility 196
5.9 Jo Kyung-seok 204
5.10 Landscape Drainage and Irrigation 206

Chapter 6 Landscape Paving Work

6.1 Landscape Paving Common 234
6.2 Eco-friendly soil paving 237
6.3 Eco-friendly block paving 239
6.4 Landscape Integrated Paving 244
6.5 Landscape Pavement Boundary 254

Chapter 7 Ecological Landscape Construction

7.1 Ecological Restoration Common 260
7.2 Eco-friendly river landscape 261
7.3 Eco-friendly rainwater treatment facility 270
7.4 Creation of ecological ponds and artificial wetlands 270
7.5 Ecological Restoration of Damaged Areas 273
7.6 Slope Greening and Restoration (Landscaping) 274
7.7 Creation of an ecological forest (conservation forest) 278
7.8 Ecological Corridor Creation 283

Chapter 8 Other Construction Works

8.1 Demolition and Repair Works 286
8.2 National Heritage Corporation 307

Chapter 9 Maintenance Work

9.1 Vegetation Maintenance 332
9.2 Lawn Maintenance 351
9.3 Facility Maintenance 356
9.4 Preliminary Report 359

Appendix
1.
Table of Contents 362
2.
Table of Contents 368
3.
Comparison of the Standard Specifications for Landscape Construction (KCS) and the Estimation Standards 369
4.
Writing and Review Committee 371

“50 years of Korean landscaping,
To contribute to securing excellent construction quality and technological advancement in landscaping work
“Presenting exemplary accumulation standards as a fundamental foundation!”

Half a century has passed since the birth of landscaping work, with the introduction of the modern concept of landscaping in Korea in 1972 and the establishment of the landscaping business in the construction industry in 1974.
The landscaping price list began with [Tetteugi, Teppubim] in 1962, was separated into landscaping in 1984, and based on the 『Study on Rationalization of Standard Price List for Landscaping (1989)』, the foundation centered on planting price list was completed in 1990. As part of the conversion to standard market unit price in 2013 and the compilation of standard price list, a common section was newly established in 2019, and a maintenance section was newly established in 2023, leading to the current system through several system reorganizations and revisions.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has been revising and supplementing the 『Landscape Design Standards (KDS)』 and 『Landscape Standard Specifications (KCS)』 since their enactment in 2016 in order to establish an integrated code system for national construction standards. Accordingly, the landscaping costing standards have also been organized into a landscaping standard specification system starting from the revised edition, and this book has been published to proactively respond to the construction environment and changed price standards.

The authors of this book have endeavored to present exemplary and standard cost estimates as a basis for calculating the appropriate estimated price that can lead to excellent construction quality in landscaping work. Based on the 2025 edition of the Construction Standard Price List (Common, Civil Engineering, Architecture, Facilities, Maintenance), the authors have presented applicable standards through comparison and review of the Construction Standard Price List (Electricity, Communication) and other standards by ordering agency.
In addition, in order to keep pace with green growth and the times, we have adopted new technologies and eco-friendly techniques to the greatest extent possible, and we have actively reflected the opinions of experts with extensive field experience to establish realistic and practical utilization standards that can be agreed upon by all parties, including clients, designers, and contractors.
In order to integrate the flow chart of this book from planning and design to construction specifications and details, it is organized based on the compilation of the Korean Standard Specifications (KCS) for landscape construction, including application standards, site preparation and land shaping, planting base construction, planting construction, landscape facility construction, landscape paving construction, ecological landscape construction, other construction, and landscape maintenance construction. A comparison of the compilation is provided in the appendix.

Ultimately, this book is a must-read practical guide for students studying landscape architecture as they move into the field, and a textbook for those working in the landscape and construction industries to properly understand the cost-effectiveness standards for landscape construction currently underway.
I recommend this book to everyone who dreams of working in landscape architecture.