language
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Description
Book Introduction
This book was written as a textbook for a linguistics course offered as a liberal arts subject at a university.
General linguistics courses can go by many names and have different focuses, but they all include a discussion of the nature of language and an introduction to core concepts and subfields of linguistics.
This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of language, linguistics, and its relationship to other disciplines.
Linguistics is not an ivory tower discipline divorced from reality.
Language is our life, and linguistics, which deals with language, is the observation and discourse on what is always happening around us.
In this book, I have attempted to introduce key concepts related to language and, through theoretical discussions, to find applications that can be applied to our real lives.
Additionally, various language issues that appear in the film are discussed in the “Film and Language” section at the end of every section in each chapter.
This book, which “demystifies” linguistics, will be easy to read for general readers interested in language and linguistics.
General linguistics courses can go by many names and have different focuses, but they all include a discussion of the nature of language and an introduction to core concepts and subfields of linguistics.
This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of language, linguistics, and its relationship to other disciplines.
Linguistics is not an ivory tower discipline divorced from reality.
Language is our life, and linguistics, which deals with language, is the observation and discourse on what is always happening around us.
In this book, I have attempted to introduce key concepts related to language and, through theoretical discussions, to find applications that can be applied to our real lives.
Additionally, various language issues that appear in the film are discussed in the “Film and Language” section at the end of every section in each chapter.
This book, which “demystifies” linguistics, will be easy to read for general readers interested in language and linguistics.
- You can preview some of the book's contents.
Preview
index
·preface
Chapter 1: The Study of Language
1.
language, linguistics, linguist
2.
The problem of language and arbitrariness in ancient Greece
3.
Medieval introspective grammar and post-Renaissance linguistic perspectives
4.
The establishment of comparative linguistics
5.
Structural linguistics and generative grammar
Saussure and structuralism, Chomsky and generative grammar, and the use-based theory
21st century
Chapter 2 The Nature of Language
1.
Language and the functions of language
2.
Rule-based governance and creativity
3.
Independence and dependence of form and content
4.
Abstractness and other characteristics of language
5.
artificial language
6.
Various aspects of language and subfields of linguistics
Chapter 3: The Sounds of Language: Phonetics
1.
Subfield of phonetics
Articulation, Listening, and Acoustics
2.
vocal organs
The shape of the vocal organs Actuating parts: lungs, glottis, soft palate Vocal parts
3.
consonant
Place of Articulation of Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
4.
gather
5.
meter
Chapter 4: The Sound System of Language: Phonology
1.
Voice and phonemes (phonemes)
Bilabial Plosives: Definition of English and Korean Phonemes
2.
Phoneme (phonological) arrangement and syllable structure
3.
phonological rules
4.
Distinctive qualities
Description of phoneme classes and their interrelationships and phonological rules: nasalization
5.
Notation of foreign words
Chapter 5 Word Structure in Language: Morphology
1.
morpheme
Morphology and Morpheme Allomorphism Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes
2.
Derivation and refraction
3.
Compound words and idioms
Compound idioms
4.
Other control methods
5.
Made-up words in everyday life
'Scary' advertising and media
Chapter 6 Sentence Structure of Language: Syntax
1.
Sentence structure
Grammatical relationships between word order and hierarchical structure
2.
Syntactic rules and syntactic structures
Tree diagram (tree drawing) Sentence structure rules and subcategorization X Syntax: Arguments and adjuncts
3.
Return Rules
4.
strain
5.
The relationship between syntax and meaning
6.
Phrase and collocation
Chapter 7: The Meaning of Language: Semantics
1.
Semantic intuition and the meaning of 'meaning'
2.
Semantics in Grammar Models
The principle of compositionality, meaning and dictionary definitions, semantics and pragmatics
3.
instruction
Directions and Directional Proper Nouns Meaning (Sense) and Direction (Reference)
Events and meanings
4.
mental representation
Concept meaning relationship linguistic relativism
Chapter 8: Contextual Meaning of Language: Pragmatics
1.
Context and meaning of language use
2.
Face it
3.
premise
4.
speech acts
5.
Conversational implications
Chapter 9 Language and Writing: World Writing and Hangul
1.
Developmental stages of writing
Pictograms, Words, Syllables, Chinese Characters, Humor
2.
Cuneiform and hieroglyphs
Cuneiform hieroglyphs
3.
alphabet
4.
korean
King Sejong the Great, a linguist who emphasized the excellence of Hangul
5.
World's Characters
Appearance and use of major characters in The Lord of the Rings
Chapter 10 Language and History: Language Families and Languages of the World
1.
Affinity between languages
Phonological law of language family
2.
Population language family
3.
Languages and Typologies of the World
4.
Origin of the Korean language
5.
Language changes
Chapter 11 Language and Psychology: Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics
1.
Language, Brain, Mind
2.
aphasia
Brain Damage and Aphasia Aphasia and Other Language Disorders
3.
Brain research methods
Experimental imaging devices: CT, MRI, PET
4.
Language processing
5.
Language acquisition and linguistic theory
Chapter 12 Language and Society: Sociolinguistics
1.
Regional and social dialects
Language Variation and Regional Dialects Social Dialects and Slang
Respect: Power Dynamics
2.
Korean attitudes toward dialects
1980s 2000s
3.
Language and Gender
Gender Differences and Sexist Language
4.
Taboo words and slang
5.
Language Contact: Pidgins and Creoles
Chapter 13 Language and Literature: Text Genres and Styles
1.
The language of poetry
Rhyme Rhyme of popular songs
2.
metaphor
Literary metaphors, metaphors in everyday language, metonymy
3.
The language of comics
4.
Text genre and language characteristics
Computer-assisted statistical analysis of registers, genres, and styles
Chapter 14 Language and Computers: Computational Linguistics
1.
Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence
2.
Natural language processing
Computational phonetics/computational phonology, computational morphology/computational syntax/computational semantics
3.
Application System
Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis Machine Translation Information Retrieval
Other application systems
4.
Corpus linguistics
5.
hypertext
6.
Internet and World Wide Web
Internet Overview World Wide Web (WWW) HTML
Chapter 15: Language and Life: Applied Linguistics
1.
Field of applied linguistics
2.
language education
3.
Minority languages and illiteracy
4.
Korean language and literature life
Korean spelling, Romanization of Korean words, Notation of foreign words
About communication language
5.
translation
6.
Forensic Linguistics and Speech Pathology
Forensic Linguistics Speech Pathology
Appendix Language and Logic: Foundations of Formal Semantics
1.
Instructions and truth conditions
2.
Propositional logic and predicate logic
Propositional logic and predicate logic
3.
Model and Meaning Interpretation
4.
Inclusion
Tense, Point of View, and Possible Worlds
5.
positive
6.
Meaning of words
·References
Useful Internet Sites
·Search
Chapter 1: The Study of Language
1.
language, linguistics, linguist
2.
The problem of language and arbitrariness in ancient Greece
3.
Medieval introspective grammar and post-Renaissance linguistic perspectives
4.
The establishment of comparative linguistics
5.
Structural linguistics and generative grammar
Saussure and structuralism, Chomsky and generative grammar, and the use-based theory
21st century
Chapter 2 The Nature of Language
1.
Language and the functions of language
2.
Rule-based governance and creativity
3.
Independence and dependence of form and content
4.
Abstractness and other characteristics of language
5.
artificial language
6.
Various aspects of language and subfields of linguistics
Chapter 3: The Sounds of Language: Phonetics
1.
Subfield of phonetics
Articulation, Listening, and Acoustics
2.
vocal organs
The shape of the vocal organs Actuating parts: lungs, glottis, soft palate Vocal parts
3.
consonant
Place of Articulation of Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
4.
gather
5.
meter
Chapter 4: The Sound System of Language: Phonology
1.
Voice and phonemes (phonemes)
Bilabial Plosives: Definition of English and Korean Phonemes
2.
Phoneme (phonological) arrangement and syllable structure
3.
phonological rules
4.
Distinctive qualities
Description of phoneme classes and their interrelationships and phonological rules: nasalization
5.
Notation of foreign words
Chapter 5 Word Structure in Language: Morphology
1.
morpheme
Morphology and Morpheme Allomorphism Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes
2.
Derivation and refraction
3.
Compound words and idioms
Compound idioms
4.
Other control methods
5.
Made-up words in everyday life
'Scary' advertising and media
Chapter 6 Sentence Structure of Language: Syntax
1.
Sentence structure
Grammatical relationships between word order and hierarchical structure
2.
Syntactic rules and syntactic structures
Tree diagram (tree drawing) Sentence structure rules and subcategorization X Syntax: Arguments and adjuncts
3.
Return Rules
4.
strain
5.
The relationship between syntax and meaning
6.
Phrase and collocation
Chapter 7: The Meaning of Language: Semantics
1.
Semantic intuition and the meaning of 'meaning'
2.
Semantics in Grammar Models
The principle of compositionality, meaning and dictionary definitions, semantics and pragmatics
3.
instruction
Directions and Directional Proper Nouns Meaning (Sense) and Direction (Reference)
Events and meanings
4.
mental representation
Concept meaning relationship linguistic relativism
Chapter 8: Contextual Meaning of Language: Pragmatics
1.
Context and meaning of language use
2.
Face it
3.
premise
4.
speech acts
5.
Conversational implications
Chapter 9 Language and Writing: World Writing and Hangul
1.
Developmental stages of writing
Pictograms, Words, Syllables, Chinese Characters, Humor
2.
Cuneiform and hieroglyphs
Cuneiform hieroglyphs
3.
alphabet
4.
korean
King Sejong the Great, a linguist who emphasized the excellence of Hangul
5.
World's Characters
Appearance and use of major characters in The Lord of the Rings
Chapter 10 Language and History: Language Families and Languages of the World
1.
Affinity between languages
Phonological law of language family
2.
Population language family
3.
Languages and Typologies of the World
4.
Origin of the Korean language
5.
Language changes
Chapter 11 Language and Psychology: Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics
1.
Language, Brain, Mind
2.
aphasia
Brain Damage and Aphasia Aphasia and Other Language Disorders
3.
Brain research methods
Experimental imaging devices: CT, MRI, PET
4.
Language processing
5.
Language acquisition and linguistic theory
Chapter 12 Language and Society: Sociolinguistics
1.
Regional and social dialects
Language Variation and Regional Dialects Social Dialects and Slang
Respect: Power Dynamics
2.
Korean attitudes toward dialects
1980s 2000s
3.
Language and Gender
Gender Differences and Sexist Language
4.
Taboo words and slang
5.
Language Contact: Pidgins and Creoles
Chapter 13 Language and Literature: Text Genres and Styles
1.
The language of poetry
Rhyme Rhyme of popular songs
2.
metaphor
Literary metaphors, metaphors in everyday language, metonymy
3.
The language of comics
4.
Text genre and language characteristics
Computer-assisted statistical analysis of registers, genres, and styles
Chapter 14 Language and Computers: Computational Linguistics
1.
Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence
2.
Natural language processing
Computational phonetics/computational phonology, computational morphology/computational syntax/computational semantics
3.
Application System
Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis Machine Translation Information Retrieval
Other application systems
4.
Corpus linguistics
5.
hypertext
6.
Internet and World Wide Web
Internet Overview World Wide Web (WWW) HTML
Chapter 15: Language and Life: Applied Linguistics
1.
Field of applied linguistics
2.
language education
3.
Minority languages and illiteracy
4.
Korean language and literature life
Korean spelling, Romanization of Korean words, Notation of foreign words
About communication language
5.
translation
6.
Forensic Linguistics and Speech Pathology
Forensic Linguistics Speech Pathology
Appendix Language and Logic: Foundations of Formal Semantics
1.
Instructions and truth conditions
2.
Propositional logic and predicate logic
Propositional logic and predicate logic
3.
Model and Meaning Interpretation
4.
Inclusion
Tense, Point of View, and Possible Worlds
5.
positive
6.
Meaning of words
·References
Useful Internet Sites
·Search
Into the book
Chapter 1: The Study of Language
1.
language, linguistics, linguist
Language is a unique and important mental ability of humans.
The academic field that scientifically studies human language is linguistics, and scholars who specialize in studying language are linguists.
When we say that we study language scientifically, “scientific” refers to strict natural scientific methods.
This chapter examines the history of the scientific study of language, examining the evolution of perspectives on language and the development of methods for studying it.
In the process, it will be revealed that linguistics is both a science and a humanities discipline that studies the human mind.
Before examining the history of language studies, let us first briefly consider what language is as an object of study.
However, it should be noted in advance that a more in-depth discussion of the nature of language will be provided in Chapter 2.
We use language.
And the language we use in South Korea is Korean.
We know that there are many other languages in the world.
Among them are languages that we spend a lot of time learning, such as English and Chinese.
In this sense, language is concrete and individual.
But there is also language with an abstract meaning.
It is the language ability that we have.
Because we have language ability, we can use specific language.
Alternatively, we can think of language ability as a universal property that humans possess, regardless of the language they use.
Another way to express this is as 'language in general'.
In English, where countable and non-countable nouns are grammatically distinct, these two meanings of 'language' are clearly different.
That is, 'language' as a non-countable noun refers to abstract language ability or language process, and 'a language' as a countable noun refers to each individual language, such as Korean or English.
In Korean, the word 'language' can be used in two meanings, but the plural 'languages' clearly has the meaning of a specific individual language.
Therefore, the words 'languages' or 'languages' used below mean individual languages.
He can speak three languages: Korean, English, and Chinese.
He speaks three languages ?? Korean, English, and Chinese.
So, is language, the object of linguistic study, abstract or concrete? The answer is both.
The purpose of linguistics, which seeks to understand the human mind and essence through language, is to target abstract language, that is, language in general, but what actually exists in the world are specific, individual languages.
We hear and understand the sounds of a language, not the sounds of abstract language in general.
Therefore, language studies can only approach abstract language through concrete language.
In this regard, one might ask whether a linguist who studies language is a person who speaks many languages.
One of the most common questions I get asked by people like me who majored in linguistics in college is, “How many languages do you know?”
And people who ask such questions usually seem to expect numbers greater than five.
From my perspective, this is the wrong question and the wrong expectation.
A person who can speak many languages is a polyglot, not a linguist.
The ability to speak multiple languages fluently is no ordinary thing.
And there are also unique people who have mental disabilities such as autism but speak multiple languages fluently.
Since a linguist studies language, it is desirable if he is a polyglot, in the sense that it will be much easier to discern the universality of human language through multiple languages.
However, linguists can contribute to the understanding of language and the human mind even by studying one or two languages in depth.
Let us now look back at the history of language studies from ancient Greece to the present day, and see the continuous development of human thought.
The history of linguistics presented in this chapter focuses on the Western tradition of language study that has directly influenced modern linguistics.
However, it cannot be overlooked that although the ancient Indian Pn?ini grammar tradition has no direct connection with modern linguistics, its conciseness and delicacy are remarkably high even by today's standards.
Examining the history of language studies here is not simply about understanding past views on language, but rather about finding connections with modern linguistic perspectives.
(For historical facts, see Robins (1997).)
1.
language, linguistics, linguist
Language is a unique and important mental ability of humans.
The academic field that scientifically studies human language is linguistics, and scholars who specialize in studying language are linguists.
When we say that we study language scientifically, “scientific” refers to strict natural scientific methods.
This chapter examines the history of the scientific study of language, examining the evolution of perspectives on language and the development of methods for studying it.
In the process, it will be revealed that linguistics is both a science and a humanities discipline that studies the human mind.
Before examining the history of language studies, let us first briefly consider what language is as an object of study.
However, it should be noted in advance that a more in-depth discussion of the nature of language will be provided in Chapter 2.
We use language.
And the language we use in South Korea is Korean.
We know that there are many other languages in the world.
Among them are languages that we spend a lot of time learning, such as English and Chinese.
In this sense, language is concrete and individual.
But there is also language with an abstract meaning.
It is the language ability that we have.
Because we have language ability, we can use specific language.
Alternatively, we can think of language ability as a universal property that humans possess, regardless of the language they use.
Another way to express this is as 'language in general'.
In English, where countable and non-countable nouns are grammatically distinct, these two meanings of 'language' are clearly different.
That is, 'language' as a non-countable noun refers to abstract language ability or language process, and 'a language' as a countable noun refers to each individual language, such as Korean or English.
In Korean, the word 'language' can be used in two meanings, but the plural 'languages' clearly has the meaning of a specific individual language.
Therefore, the words 'languages' or 'languages' used below mean individual languages.
He can speak three languages: Korean, English, and Chinese.
He speaks three languages ?? Korean, English, and Chinese.
So, is language, the object of linguistic study, abstract or concrete? The answer is both.
The purpose of linguistics, which seeks to understand the human mind and essence through language, is to target abstract language, that is, language in general, but what actually exists in the world are specific, individual languages.
We hear and understand the sounds of a language, not the sounds of abstract language in general.
Therefore, language studies can only approach abstract language through concrete language.
In this regard, one might ask whether a linguist who studies language is a person who speaks many languages.
One of the most common questions I get asked by people like me who majored in linguistics in college is, “How many languages do you know?”
And people who ask such questions usually seem to expect numbers greater than five.
From my perspective, this is the wrong question and the wrong expectation.
A person who can speak many languages is a polyglot, not a linguist.
The ability to speak multiple languages fluently is no ordinary thing.
And there are also unique people who have mental disabilities such as autism but speak multiple languages fluently.
Since a linguist studies language, it is desirable if he is a polyglot, in the sense that it will be much easier to discern the universality of human language through multiple languages.
However, linguists can contribute to the understanding of language and the human mind even by studying one or two languages in depth.
Let us now look back at the history of language studies from ancient Greece to the present day, and see the continuous development of human thought.
The history of linguistics presented in this chapter focuses on the Western tradition of language study that has directly influenced modern linguistics.
However, it cannot be overlooked that although the ancient Indian Pn?ini grammar tradition has no direct connection with modern linguistics, its conciseness and delicacy are remarkably high even by today's standards.
Examining the history of language studies here is not simply about understanding past views on language, but rather about finding connections with modern linguistic perspectives.
(For historical facts, see Robins (1997).)
---From the text
Publisher's Review
This revised 4th edition has revised and supplemented many parts of the previous edition, and in particular, has significantly added content to several places.
First, we separated and expanded Section 5 (Context and Meaning) of Chapter 7 (Meaning of Language) of the previous edition and made it independent as Chapter 8 (Meaning of Language and Context).
The new Chapter 8 covers pragmatics, a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning that arises and is conveyed when language is used in context.
Broadly speaking, pragmatics also deals with meaning, so it can be included in semantics. Therefore, its contents were included as a section in the semantics chapter in the previous edition.
This section was revised and supplemented to reflect the perspective of linguistics, which increasingly places importance on the context of language use, and was made independent as a chapter.
Additionally, Chapter 14 (Language and Computers, Chapter 13 in the previous edition) has been significantly supplemented to reflect the characteristics of rapidly developing (language-related) computer applications, such as artificial intelligence (AI).
In addition, the discussion of the relationship between word form and meaning in Chapter 1 and the independence of form and meaning in Chapter 2 supplemented the description of the interdependence of form and meaning.
In addition, in many other areas, counterexamples or opposing viewpoints to what has already been described are presented, encouraging readers to think broadly.
In addition, we have made efforts to make the content of the book more accurate and richer through revisions and supplements throughout the book.
Finally, reflecting recent trends in linguistics, we have supplemented the content on the usage-based perspective, which emphasizes language use as well as language knowledge, that is, the attempt to describe and explain language using language data.
Although secondary, I also mentioned new films as much as possible in the [Film+Language] section to soften the stiff linguistics discussion a bit.
First, we separated and expanded Section 5 (Context and Meaning) of Chapter 7 (Meaning of Language) of the previous edition and made it independent as Chapter 8 (Meaning of Language and Context).
The new Chapter 8 covers pragmatics, a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning that arises and is conveyed when language is used in context.
Broadly speaking, pragmatics also deals with meaning, so it can be included in semantics. Therefore, its contents were included as a section in the semantics chapter in the previous edition.
This section was revised and supplemented to reflect the perspective of linguistics, which increasingly places importance on the context of language use, and was made independent as a chapter.
Additionally, Chapter 14 (Language and Computers, Chapter 13 in the previous edition) has been significantly supplemented to reflect the characteristics of rapidly developing (language-related) computer applications, such as artificial intelligence (AI).
In addition, the discussion of the relationship between word form and meaning in Chapter 1 and the independence of form and meaning in Chapter 2 supplemented the description of the interdependence of form and meaning.
In addition, in many other areas, counterexamples or opposing viewpoints to what has already been described are presented, encouraging readers to think broadly.
In addition, we have made efforts to make the content of the book more accurate and richer through revisions and supplements throughout the book.
Finally, reflecting recent trends in linguistics, we have supplemented the content on the usage-based perspective, which emphasizes language use as well as language knowledge, that is, the attempt to describe and explain language using language data.
Although secondary, I also mentioned new films as much as possible in the [Film+Language] section to soften the stiff linguistics discussion a bit.
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: January 30, 2020
- Page count, weight, size: 520 pages | 904g | 175*235*35mm
- ISBN13: 9788968178337
- ISBN10: 896817833X
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