Preface 2

Chapter 1: Adolescent Psychology 9

1.
Introduction 11

2.
Characteristics of Adolescents 13
1) Body and Brain 14
2) Temperament and personality 17
3) Cognition 18
4) Self 21

3.
Adolescent Problems 27
1) Personal internal problems 28
2) Personal and external problems 35

Chapter 2: Adolescent Development Theories 41

1.
Introduction 43

2.
Personality Development 45
1) Erikson's psychosocial development 46
2) Freud's Psychosexual Development 50
3) Marsha's Identity Theory 52

3.
Cognitive Development 57
1) Piaget's 57 stages of cognitive development
2) Criticism of Piaget's theory 63
3) Neo-Piagetian theory and school 64

4.
Social Cognitive Development 66
1) Social Cognition in Adolescence 66
2) Cell's viewing capacity level 67

5.
Moral Development 69
1) Piaget's stages of moral development 69
2) Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning 72

Chapter 3: The Basics of Youth Counseling 75

1.
What is Youth Counseling? 77
1) Definition of Youth Counseling 77
2) The Need for Youth Counseling 79
3) Goals of Youth Counseling 81
4) Issues addressed in youth counseling 82

2.
Basic Principles of Youth Counseling 84
1) Principle of Individualization 84
2) Principle of intentional emotional expression 85
3) Principle of controlled emotional engagement 85
4) Principle of Acceptance 86
5) Principle of Non-Judgemental Attitude 86
6) Principle of Self-Determination 87
7) Principle of confidentiality 88

3.
Characteristics of Youth Counseling 88
1) Qualifications of a Youth Counselor 89
2) The Role of Youth Counselors 95
3) Characteristics of adolescent clients 96

4.
Area 97 of Youth Counseling
1) Learning Counseling 97
2) Career Counseling 98
3) Sexual Counseling 99
4) School Violence Counseling 103
5) Internet Addiction Counseling 104

5.
Ethics in Youth Counseling 105

Chapter 4: The Process and Techniques of Youth Counseling 107

1.
Early Stage 109
1) Forming a facilitative counseling relationship 110
2) Structuring the consultation 111
3) Exploring the client's problems and conceptualizing the case 117
4) Setting counseling goals 120

2.
Mid-term stage 121

3.
End stage 122

4.
Early-Stage Technology 125
1) Pay attention 125
2) Listening 127
3) Restatement 128
4) Reflection 129
5) Clarification 131
6) Summary 133
7) Question 134

5.
Mid-stage technology 137
1) Interpretation 137
2) Face 139
3) Immediacy 141
4) Self-disclosure 143

6.
Technology 145 in the final stage
1) Information provision 145
2) Feedback 147

Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Counseling 149

1.
Introduction 151
1) Main Characters 151
2) Human Relations 152

2.
Key Concept 154
1) Motivation for action 154
2) Structure of consciousness 155
3) Personality Structure 156
4) Anxiety 161
5) Ego Defense Mechanisms 162
6) Personality Development 166

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 169
1) Counseling Goal 169
2) Counseling Process 170
3) Counseling Techniques 171

4.
Rating 175
1) Contribution points 176
2) Limitation 177

Chapter 6: Individual Psychological Counseling 181

1.
Introduction 183
1) Main Characters 183
2) Human Relations 185

2.
Key Concept 186
1) Motivation for action 186
2) Inferiority and the pursuit of superiority 187
3) Social Interest 189
4) Lifestyle 190
5) Virtual final goal 193
6) Sibling Rank 194

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 197
1) Counseling Goal 198
2) Counseling Process 198
3) Counseling Techniques 201

4.
Rating 207
1) Contribution points 207
2) Limitation 208

Chapter 7: Person-Centered Counseling 209

1.
Introduction 211
1) Main Characters 212
2) Human Relations 213
3) The process of developing psychological problems 216

2.
Key Concepts 217
1) Self 217
2) Self-actualization tendency 218
3) Conditioning of Values ​​221
4) Phenomenological Chapter 221
5) Empathy 222
6) Fully Functioning Human Relations 223
7) Now-Here 224

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 224
1) Counseling Goal 224
2) Counseling Process 227
3) Counseling techniques 228

4.
Rating 232
1) Contribution points 233
2) Limitation 234

Chapter 8 Gestalt Counseling 235

1.
Introduction 238
1) Main characters 238
2) Human Relations 239

2.
Key Concepts 240
1) Gestalt 240
2) Foreground and Background 241
3) Unsolved Problem 242
4) Now-Here 243
5) Gestalt Experience Cycle 244
6) Awareness 246
7) Contact 247
8) Personality Change Stage: Neuroticism Level 248
9) Contact boundary disorder 250

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 252
1) Counseling Goal 253
2) Counseling Process 254
3) Counseling techniques 256

4.
Rating 264
1) Contribution points 264
2) Limitation 265

Chapter 9: Reality Therapy 267

1.
Introduction 269
1) Main characters 270
2) History 271
3) Human Relations 273

2.
Key Concepts 274
1) Choice Theory 274
2) The meaning of mental health 280
3) Relationship 281

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 283
1) Counseling Goal 283
2) Counseling Process: Creating an Environment 283
3) Counseling Process: Counseling Procedure 289

4.
Rating 301
1) Contribution points 301
2) Limitation 302

Chapter 10: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 305

1.
Introduction 307
1) Main Characters 311
2) Human Relations 313

2.
Key Concepts 316
1) Ellis' Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) 316
2) Beck's Cognitive Therapy (CT) 320
3) Meichenbaum's Cognitive Behavioral Modification (CBM) 323

3.
Counseling Process and Techniques 324
1) Ellis' Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) 324
2) Beck's Cognitive Therapy (CT) 327
3) Meichenbaum's Cognitive Behavioral Modification (CBM) 329

4.
Rating 330
1) Contribution points 331
2) Limitation 332

Reference 336