This book covers knowledge and techniques for diagnosing, treating, and preventing pests and diseases to promote the health of trees, and is designed to be used as a university textbook.
The structure and function of trees, the physiological interpretation of normal tree growth, disease outbreaks, diagnosis, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, pests, treatment, control, prevention, and health management methods are described with a total of 482 color photographs.
In particular, the second revised edition has revised and supplemented many parts of the types of pesticides used in chemical pest control of trees.
For example, terms such as diphtheria, mephuric acid, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, parathion, and paraquat, which are no longer produced, banned, or used, were removed and replaced with new pesticides.


The main purpose of this book is to serve as a guide to arboriculture for students studying arboriculture.
In particular, it will be a useful reference for many examinees who have or are seeking to obtain the Plant Protection Technician qualification under the Cultural Heritage Administration, the Plant Protection Technician qualification under the Rural Development Administration, or the Tree Protection Technician, Tree Doctor, and Tree Treatment Technician qualifications under the Korea Forest Service.

Arboriculture also has its own unique areas that do not exist in other disciplines, especially plant medicine.
The techniques of treating non-communicable diseases caused by frequent meteorological disasters and human-caused damage, the theory and practice of pruning, protection and defense of stem wounds, trunk injections, and trunk surgery are unique areas that are covered in detail in this book.

--- p.4

All parts of a plant that exhibit life phenomena are composed of living cells.
Life phenomena refer to functions such as cell division, cell elongation, cell differentiation, photosynthesis, respiration, stomata opening and closing, material storage, and secretion.
However, all of these life phenomena appear only in living parenchyma cells.
This is because only in protoplasmic cells exist the relevant enzymes, protoplasm, and cell membrane that make the above phenomenon possible.

--- p.29

The more free-growing a tree species is, the more diverse its appearance becomes as it ages.
Therefore, the tree shape becomes irregular because fixed and free-growing branches are mixed irregularly within one individual.
Zelkova trees are basically free-growing, but as they mature, the proportion of branches that grow fixedly increases, making the tree shape irregular.
Some maple trees also grow freely, but this occurs only on some branches, causing the tree shape to lose balance.

--- p.34

The cell wall is made up of loosely woven fibers with large molecular weights, so there are many gaps, and the intercellular space between cells also has many gaps, which corresponds to a free space where small-diameter water molecules and inorganic salts can freely pass through.
This free movement of inorganic nutrients into the roots along the free space in the form of inorganic salts is called apoplastic movement.
The phenomenon of inorganic nutrients entering the cortex of the root through cell wall movement is considered passive absorption because they enter freely along with water.

--- p.61

Chlorosis refers to the yellowing of leaves due to the destruction of chlorophyll.
It appears as yellowing of the entire leaf, mottling, stippling, and interveinal chlorosis.
Yellowing is caused by infectious diseases, pests, excessive moisture in the soil, cold weather, air and soil pollution, excessive mineral salts in the soil, nutrient deficiencies, topdressing, and herbicide damage.
If the mature leaves turn yellow first, it may indicate a deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. If the seedling leaves turn yellow first, it may indicate a deficiency of calcium, iron, or boron.
--- p.100

Pathogen culture is the process of directly culturing a portion of a plant in a laboratory when the pathogen cannot be directly observed in the infected plant (called a label-free plant).
The blotter method or moisture chamber method involves placing two sheets of filter paper in a sterilized cloth, wetting them with sterilized water, placing a part of the diseased plant (leaves, flowers, seeds, branches, roots, etc.), and cultivating them at 20-25℃ for 3-7 days to observe the spores (corresponding to the markers) formed in the lesion area.

--- p.122

It is also called pine diplodia leaf blight.
It is a common disease in pine trees worldwide.
It is mainly caused by the Diplodia fungus in trees aged 10 to 30 years, such as pine, red pine, Korean pine, rigid pine, and white pine.
In spring, new shoots and young leaves turn brown, bend, and quickly dry up and die. When mature leaves are infected, they droop and fade to a whitish-light brown (close to milky white).
Resin oozes from dead branches, and from summer onwards black conidia protrude through the leaf sheath, forming an important landmark.
It occurs in spring when it rains frequently and is cool.
For control, spray benomyl hydrate and thiophan hydrate 2-3 times at 2-week intervals starting in spring.

--- p.170

In Korea, the alder leaf beetle (Agelastica coerulea) is a serious pest that attacks alder, birch, chestnut, hornbeam, pine, apple, pear, cherry, mulberry, poplar, and willow trees. The larvae and adults only eat the leaves, causing them to turn red.
In addition, willow leaf beetles, willow leaf beetles, willow leaf beetles, and walnut leaf beetles also damage broadleaf trees.
For control, spray 1,000-fold dilution of acitretic solution, cysrin solution, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, fenitrothion emulsion, and chlorfluazuron emulsion at 7-10 day intervals.

--- p.214

The phenomenon of multiple buds gathering in one place on a branch is often observed in black pine trees.
In the case of pine trees, it is known to be caused by parasitism by pine rosette gall mites, and in other cases, it is known to be caused by viruses or genetic causes.

--- p.321

Gravity-type uses a diluted solution, but since it is not commercially available, each tree hospital makes and uses a different one.
Since hydroponic culture is common in horticulture these days, you can prepare it based on Hoagland solution and use it for gravity-type stem injection.
It is used by mixing minerals with Ringer's solution, which is used for 5% glucose intravenous injection in hospitals.

--- p.328

Among the various pest control methods, the most desirable is genetic control.
Resistance and susceptibility to pests and diseases vary greatly depending on the tree species, and even within the same tree species, there are differences depending on the variety.
Among the ornamental trees, there are some that are difficult to manage because they have many pests and diseases, while there are also some that are easy to manage because they have almost no pests and diseases.
(Omitted) In the case of domestic tree species, pine, Korean pine, cherry, and maple trees have many pests and diseases, while yew, larch, ginkgo, magnolia, lily, and maple have few pests and diseases.
By selecting landscape trees that take into account the unique characteristics of these species, you can manage the trees in the most environmentally friendly way.

--- p.365

The basic premise of IPM is that pest numbers increase periodically and, when they reach a certain level, cause economic losses.
The level (number or density) of pests that causes economic loss is called the economic injury level (EIL).
By understanding the specific biological characteristics of a pest, scientists can use models to predict when pest numbers will reach economically damaging levels.
This predicted point is called the economic threshold (ET).

--- p.394