Preface - The origin of language is the Tower of Babel!

Chapter 1.
History of Ancient Rome and Christianity

01: Unraveling the Mystery of Rome's Founding Myth through English Etymology
The English word "Palace" originated from the god of war, Mars | The word "Palace" originated from the popular tourist destination, Palatine Hill.
02: The English alphabet was born from Greek letters.
English words born in Rome | Corona, "Omicron," and "Microscope" share the same etymology.
03: Rome expels its king and becomes a republic.
English words born from the Senate | What republic and popularity have in common
04: The Death of 'Dictator' Caesar and 'Emperor' Augustus
Dictator and dictionary have the same etymology | The etymology of emperor and imperial is 'to command' | August, authority, and auction derived from Augustus
05: Religion came from ‘strongly connecting to God’?
What is the 'relationship' between religion and rely?
06: Judaism gives birth to Christianity
English words related to the etymology of the word "apostle" | Cream comes from the Christian word "church"
07: Before Christianity, there was Roman Mithraism.
The solstice of summer and winter solstice is the 'point where the sun stands still' | The beauty of Amitabha is the me of 'measure' | Why are numbers called numbers? | The meaning of nomy attached to the end of academic names
08: Persecution of Christians and 'Saint Peter' who received the keys to heaven
A name derived from Saint Peter | The word "oil" comes from "olive oil"
09: The Tyrant Nero, Actually a Wise King
The Tyrannosaurus's Tyrannosaurus is derived from tyrant | The Colosseum is derived from the giant statue of Nero | The origin of the grotesque is a pattern drawn on a cave painting | A word related to dom (house) | Ancient Roman gold coins have the same etymology as Au or Oriole, the element symbol for gold | The relationship between mile, million, and millionaire | The difference between grave and tomb
10: The Origin of Valentine's Day and the June Bride
Why is 'June Bride' set in June?
11: Persecuted Christianity Becomes Rome's State Religion
A surprising word with the number 3 in it, similar to Trinity | The Origins of Christmas
12: The Division of the Roman Empire and the Fate of the Western Empire
13: The Division of the Roman Empire and the Millennial Glory of the Eastern Roman Empire

Chapter 2.
Race and Ethnicity

01: The Caucasian Race and the 'Snow-White' Caucasus Mountains
English words that end with oid (like ~) | English words that mean weid (see) | The etymology of history is not 'his+story'
02: What does the number 3 have to do with the peoples of Europe?
The word tribe is derived from the Romans who were composed of three tribes.
03: The 'beautiful and blue' Rhine and Danube rivers flowing through Europe
The fact that run means 'to flow' is related to the Rhine River. The etymology of Buda in Budapest is 'water'.
04: Honey and beer, originating from the ancient Germans
Honeymoon (honey+moon) is a custom of drinking mead for a month after marriage | The bride and bread, which were born from the bride's job of baking bread | The unexpected relationship between groom and grooming | The origin of alcohol | Beer and beverage have the same root | English word with the same etymology as stature | The origin of highball | The etymology of the Germanic people is 'noisy' people
05: Celts and Salt, Celts and Halloween
Salad, salami, and sauce are words derived from salt | The meaning of Britain | Why we give out sweets on Halloween | The etymology of Halloween is 'All (all) + Hallow (adult) + Even (the night before)'
06: Various peoples involved in the great migration of the Germanic peoples
Ostrogoths and Visigoths | Gothic typefaces derive from a derogatory term for the Goths.
07: The Vandals, the origin of Andalusia
English words born from the barbaric acts of the Vandals | The Burgundians, whose name remains as the name of Burgundy, a wine-producing region | The Lombards, meaning long beards | The words canal and channel have the same etymology | Aquarium means 'a place where livestock drink water' | The word 'island' and insulin, which lowers blood sugar, have the same etymology | Why was Charlemagne, the 'Father of Europe', called Charlemagne? | France originated from the throwing spears used as weapons by the Franks | The word 'frank' (honest) comes from the Franks, who were free men | The etymology of Hungary and Bulgaria | The word 'yogurt' comes from the Turkic word 'to thicken' | English is the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons | The surprising relationship between 'angle' (corner) and fishermen | English words derived from the Saxon root 'to cut' | Why is September, which means 'the seventh month,' called 'September'? | The relationship between Viking pirates, villages, and villas | Denmark is the Danish border | Why many English words are influenced by French | The Norse folklore 'Saga' that became the basis for the word 'say' | The founder of the British royal family is a Viking from Normandy | The etymology of Russia is 'rower'

Chapter 3.
Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula

01: Muhammad receives revelations from Allah and establishes Islam.
Prophet means 'pro (beforehand)' + 'phet (speaker)' | The Quran is 'something to be recited' | The meaning of Ramadan, the Islamic teaching
02: Islamic forces invading the Iberian Peninsula
Islamic Generals Who Left Their Names in the Strait of Gibraltar | The Etymology of Morocco
03: Reconquista, Reclaiming Christian Land
Conquest is the taking of all the enemy's possessions | Question and request, which have the same etymology as quest
04: Union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the Monarchy of Catalonia
Sagrada Familia is the Sacred Family Church | The etymology of castella is "Castile pastry" | The reason the Castilian coat of arms features a castle
05: Segovia, where a Roman aqueduct remains
The Iberian pig's Iberian origins are from the Iberian Peninsula.
06: Is Valencia, the city that gave birth to paella, strong?
Paella means frying pan | Squid means 'squirting (ink)' | Sepia is 'brown pigment made from squid ink' | An unexpected word derived from the etymology of Valencia, val (strength)
07: Toledo, where Islam and Christianity coexisted
08: Cervantes and Velazquez were Christian converts.
Why do "haram" and "harem," which Muslims are forbidden to eat, have the same etymology? | English words to memorize along with "convert" | English words to memorize along with "inquisition"
09: Spain came from the Roman province of Hispania.
10: The Reconquista is complete, and Muslims and Jews are driven out again.
An English word derived from the root word expel (to expel)
11: What was another purpose of Columbus's discovery of the New World?
What is the Christopher legend associated with Columbus? | Balm (pain reliever) was born from balsam, a ceremonial incense.
12: The Red Castle of the Pomegranate City, the Alhambra of Granada
Arabesque is an Arabic-style decorative pattern | An English word derived from Arabic

Chapter 4.
The Great Interregnum Movement and the Crusades

01: Will the European 'Middle Ages' last 'forever'?
Medieval (medieval) has the same root as eternal (eternal) | The Roman Pope (pope) means father | English words that include arch (leader)
02: The spirit of chivalry born from feudal master-servant relationships
Lord means 'one who manages the loaf' | The etymology of knight is 'servant' | Why 'ready' came from 'ride' | The origin of 'hommage'
03: The master-servant relationship between the manor lord and the serfs
The "manner" in "Manor House" meant "manor." | Surprising Facts Hidden in Card Games
04: Monk in white, monk in black
The meaning of mon in monastery and monk
05: The 24 Hours of Monks, Words Born from the Divine Office
Supper and soup have the same etymology | Breakfast means 'breaking a fast' | Minister is 'mini' + 'ster', a 'small person' who serves God | Why noon (12 o'clock) was created from 9 o'clock | The origin of curfew comes from the monastic custom of 'covering the fire'
06: What image do forests have for Europeans?
Luna, the moon goddess, was originally a tree goddess | English words born from the moon | Why the words "forest" and "foreigner" share the same etymology | The forest in "Grimm's Fairy Tales" is scary when you know it | The relationship between forest spirits (sylvans) and savages | Culture is cultivating the mind | Colonization, born from "cultivation"
07: The rise of Christian pilgrimage
Pilgrim and agriculture have the same etymology | Is the etymology of travel a torture device? | Hospitals were born from hospitality to pilgrims | English words derived from ser (to guard) | The word "magos" in "The Magi" became magicians | Might, main, and machine have common meanings | The etymology of camp is campus (plain) | Jacob, a Jew, became James in England and Jacques in France
08: Conflict between Eastern and Western Churches over the 'ban on images'
The original meaning of idol is 'idol (god)'
09: The Crusades begin at the Pope's request.
English word born from cross
10: The First Crusade ended in great success
11: The Second Crusade, led by the Islamic forces
Pagan is a derogatory word meaning 'country bumpkin'.
12: The Flower of Crusade History, the Third Crusade
Ruby, green, and rust, which have the same etymology as the "red" in Redbeard King
13: The Worst Crusade, the Fourth Crusade
Pope Innocent was innocent
14: Where have the Pied Piper and the Children of Hamelin gone?
Etymology related to the identity of the man playing the flute

Chapter 5.
Renaissance

01: From a God-centered to a human-centered era
The etymology of nostalgia is "homecoming + pain (homesickness)" | Renaissance means "being reborn" | An English word derived from gene (born, species)
02: Three Great Inventions of the Renaissance
Can you name the three greatest inventions in English? | Common meanings of artillery, art, and article
03: Literature of the Renaissance, Abandoning Latin
Purgatory is a place where the soul is purified | The goddess from whom the word night is derived
04: Renaissance Art, Singing Spring
The goddess of time, the origin of the word "hour" | Chlorophyll and chlorine have the commonality of "yellow-green" | Cholesterol, cholera, and melancholia, all derived from "bile" | English words beginning with "gl" meaning "to shine"
05: What is the hidden psychological drama effect in "The Last Supper"?
The etymology of "vanishing point" in perspective | The "fresco" in fresco comes from "fresh." | The common denominator among tempera, tempera, and temperature is "mixing."
06: The Hidden Messages in "The Creation of Heaven and Earth" and "The Last Judgment"
Why anniversary and annuity share the same etymology | Why does "right" mean "justice"?
07: The meaning of the 'cupola', the two most representative buildings of the Renaissance era
08: The Center of the Renaissance Moves from Florence to Rome
The origin of 'indulgence'

Conclusion
Image source

Do you know the 'law of drawing'?

Jacob Grimm, famous as the author of Grimm's Fairy Tales, was also an outstanding linguist.
There is a law of language that he discovered and which is known as 'Grimm's Law'.
This is the rule of phonological change that appears in the series of sounds that arose in the process of Proto-Indo-European language developing into Proto-Germanic language.
For example, the word for 'foot' in Proto-Indo-European is ped, which changed across European borders to ped (Latin), pod (Greek), peda (Lithuanian), foot (English), and Fuß (German).
The consonant p of Proto-Indo-European changed into the sound f when it was borrowed into English via Germanic.

In this way, there are countless cases where the languages ​​of the world are intertwined and related to each other.
Language has undergone various transformations throughout human history to reach its current state.
Therefore, each English word is like the tip of the iceberg.
If we trace the etymology of words, we can see the grandeur of mythology, religion, war, politics, and the history of nations.


The glory of the Roman Empire and the daily life of the Middle Ages, alive and breathing in English words.

『World History of English Words』 is composed of five chapters.
The history of the Roman Empire and Christianity, race and ethnicity, the Reconquista on the Iberian Peninsula, the Great Intervention and the Crusades, and the Renaissance are divided into periods, and the etymology of English words derived from historical events, figures, and customs of each period is explored by moving between mythological and historical periods.


Let me give you some examples.
Among the gods associated with the twelve months are Mars and Juno in Roman mythology.
In Roman times, the beginning of the year was March.
The word 'march', which means 'march', originally meant 'the march of the army' at the start of a war, and its etymology is Mars, the god of war in Roman mythology.
Also, Jupiter's wife Juno is read as 'Juno' in English and is the goddess who forms the basis of the month of 'June'.
This is where the idea of ​​'June Bride' came from.


The origin of the word related to the 'feudal system' that comes to mind when thinking of the Middle Ages is also interesting.
‘Yeongju’ and ‘Gwibuin’ are both words related to bread.
In addition to 'lord', 'lord' is also used to mean 'landlord' and 'ruler', and its etymology is 'one who manages bread', which is the same as 'loaf' (a loaf of bread).
Lady (woman, noblewoman) also has the etymology of ‘a person who kneads bread dough.’
In the Middle Ages, lords owned watermills for grinding wheat and ovens for baking bread within their manors, and they charged serfs for using the mills to grind wheat and bake bread.


The origin of curfew is also interesting.
In the days before clocks, one of the important duties of a monk was to tell the people the time by ringing a bell three times a day: morning, noon, and evening.
The English word for 'curfew' is curfew, which comes from a French monastic custom.
In medieval Europe, there was a custom of ringing church bells at 8 or 9 o'clock at night to wake up the people and remind them to be careful and sleep well.
In the past, a stove was built in the middle of the house for both cooking and heating, but many fires occurred because the stove was not properly extinguished.
Curfew comes from the Old French word cuevrefeu, meaning “cover the fire.”
The suffix fue of cuevrefeu means 'hearth' in the middle of a room, from which the English words focus and fuel come.

Did you know that the words "host" and "guest" share the same root? In the Middle Ages, there was a custom of welcoming pilgrims.
At this time, the host, who is hosting, and the guest, who is being hosted, both come from the Indo-European word ghos-ti, which means ‘to bear the duty of mutual assistance.’
By the 19th century, lodging facilities called hospices were built for pilgrims.
Hospices, which today provide medical care and nursing for terminally ill patients, originated as lodging facilities for pilgrims.


Adventures in English Words, Time Travel through World History

In this way, 『World History of English Words』 is a book that traces the etymology of English words born during the Renaissance in the Roman Empire and comprehensively encompasses the civilization, history, mythology, religion, war, and politics hidden within the words.
Therefore, for English learners, each word becomes a vivid story, aiding understanding and memorization, and for history lovers, it becomes a time machine door wide open to the past.
Now, let's say goodbye to boring English vocabulary memorization and fly beyond simple language into the world of history and mythology.
After reading this book, you will smell the scent of Arabic in 'Magazine', and when you hear the line "My lord!" in a Western period drama, 'lord' and 'a loaf of bread' will come to mind.