Publishing the 2026 Introduction to Pre-School Education ii
Publishing the 2014 Preemptive Suspension iv
Success story vi
Course review x
How to Study Public Administration xvi
Public Administration Exam Plan xvii
2026 Pre-School Curry xviiI
Characteristics of this book and how to view it xx
Volume 1 (General Theory, Policy, Organization)

Chapter 1: Basic Theories of Public Administration

Section 1 The Nature of Administration
01 Concept of Administration 3
02 Characteristics of Administration 8
03 Administration as a Public Good 9
04 Administrative Variables 12
05 Administrative Function 13
06 Administrative Process 15

Section 2 Administration and Environment
01 Administration and Politics 17
Market Failure Model 21
Political and Administrative Relations in Our Country 23
02 Administration and Management 23
03 Administration and Law 26
04 Civil Society and the Third Sector/NGOs 28
Various Types of Intermediate Organizations 29
Social Enterprise 34
05 Social Capital 35

Section 3 Changes in Administration
01 Changes in State and Administration 38
02 Characteristics of the Administrative State and Modern Administration 40
03 Characteristics of the New Administrative State and Administration 43
Progressive vs. Conservative Government Views 45
04 Administration in Post-Industrial Society (Postmodernity) 46

Section 4: The Reason for the Existence of Administration - Market Failure
01 Market Failure 49
Types of External Effects 51
02 Government Regulations 52
03 Administrative Map 61

Section 5: Limitations of Administration: Government Failure and Response
01 Government Failure 63
02 Appropriate supply scale of public goods 66
03 Reduction Management - Small Government Theory 68
04 Privatization of the Public Sector 70
Voucher 72
Public Service Supply Methods Based on Supply and Production Entities 75
Pros and Cons of Major Privatization Methods 76

Section 6: Direction and Value of Administration
01 Administration and Values ​​78
02 Changes in Administrative Ideology and Relationships 79
03 The Essential Value of Administration 82
04 The Instrumental Value of Administration 89

Section 7: Characteristics and System of Public Administration
01 The Academic Nature of Public Administration 101
02 Approaches to Public Administration 104
Other Approaches to Public Administration 106
03 The Establishment and Development of Public Administration 107
The Development and Characteristics of Public Administration in Korea 112

Section 8: Main theories of public administration
01 Scientific Management 114
02 Human Relations 117
03 Behavioral Approach 119
04 Ecology 123
05 System Theory 126
06 Comparative Public Administration 129
07 Development Administration Theory 130
08 New Administrative Theory 132
09 Phenomenology 135
10 Critical Public Administration 138
11 Discourse Administration 139
12 Public Choice Theory 141
13 New Institutional Theory 149
14 New Public Management Theory 157
Government Innovation Strategy in the New Public Management Theory 160
Neoconservatism, Neofederalism, Neoliberalism, and the Third Way 161
15 Governance Theory 162
Regime Theory 166
16 New Public Service Theory 168
17 Concepts of Post-New Public Management 171
Recent Changes in Administrative Theory and the Redefinition of Government Roles 172
18 Public Value Management Theory and Nudge Theory 173

Chapter 2 Policy Theory

Section 1: The Nature of Policy and Policy Science
01 The Characteristics and Essence of Policy Science 187
02 The Nature and Types of Policy 189

Section 2 Policy Agenda and Policy Goals
01 Setting the Policy Agenda 197
P. May's agenda-setting model 202
02 Theoretical Model for Policy Agenda Setting 204
03 Policy Network Model 211
04 Policy Goal 215

Section 3 Policy Analysis and Future Forecasting
01 Exploring and Evaluating Policy Alternatives 219
02 Types and Dimensions of Policy Analysis 221
03 System Analysis 222
The Difference Between Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 228
04 Management Science 229
Other Management Science Techniques 232
05 Intuitive (Judgmental) Prediction 233
06 Uncertainty and Future Forecasting 237

Section 4 Policy Decisions
01 The Nature and Process of Policy Decision-Making 241
Policy Decision-Making in Our Country (Deliberation System) 244
02 Policy Decision Factor Theory 245
03 Individual-Level Decision-Making Model 246
04 Group-Level Decision-Making Model 255
Flow Window (Policy Window) Model 259
Characteristics of Decision-Making in Crisis 260
Collective Decision Making 260
Policy Dilemma Model 261

Section 5 Policy Execution
01 The Essence of Policy Execution 263
02 Research and Theory on Policy Implementation 264
03 Policy Implementation Theory 266
04 Factors Influencing Policy Implementation 274
Policy Design 277
Planning 278

Section 6 Policy Evaluation and Feedback
01 The Nature and Purpose of Policy Evaluation 280
Unjustified Policy Evaluation - Doctor Evaluation 281
02 Types and Methods of Policy Evaluation 284
03 Policy Evaluation in Korea - Government Performance Evaluation 286
04 Elements of Policy Evaluation 289
05 Policy Evaluation Methods - Experiment 293
06 Policy Changes and Reflux 298
Theoretical Models of Policy Change 299
Distribution Inequality Index 300

Chapter 3 Organizational Theory

Section 1: The Nature and Basic Theory of Organization
01 The Meaning of Organization 311
02 Types of Organizations 312
Keidel's Organizational Types 317
C. Handy's Trifolium 317
Cox Jr.'s Tissue Type 317
Other de-bureaucratic organizations 318
03 Evolution and Types of Organizational Theory 318

Section 2 Organizational Behavior
01 Human Relations and Motivation Theory 323
Other Expectation Theories 333
02 Organizational Culture 336
03 Communication 338
04 Conflict 340
05 Power 345
06 Leadership 347
Other Modern Leadership Theories 354

Section 3 Organizational Structure Theory
01 Organizational Structural Variables 356
02 Principles of Organization 363
Vertical and Horizontal Coordination Mechanism (Daft) 367
03 Bureaucracy 369
04 Bureaucracy and Democracy 373
In Defense of Bureaucracy 374
D. Yates's Bureaucratic Democracy 374
05 Adhocracy 375
Various Characteristics of Learning Organizations 383
Other post-bureaucratic organizations 387
06 Formal and Informal Organizations 388
The Relationship Between Group Composition and Task Characteristics 389
07 Line and Staff 389
08 Committee (Consensual Administrative Body) 392
Independent Regulatory Commission of the United States 393
09 Government Organizational Structure 394
10 Responsible Management Organization 399
11 Public Enterprises and Public Institutions 404
Representative Government 409

Section 4 Organizational Environment Theory
01 Macro-Organizational Theory 412
02 Chaos Theory 418

Section 5 Organizational Management Theory
01 Public Relations - Administrative PR 422
02 Information Disclosure 423
03 Management by Objectives (MBO) 426
04 Organization Development (OD) 429
05 Strategic Management 433
Crisis Management 434
06 Reengineering 434
07 Total Quality Management (TQM) 435
08 Citizens' Charter - Administrative Service Charter 438
09 Performance Management - Performance-Oriented Administration 440
10 Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 441

Volume 2 (Personnel, Finance, Return, Value)

Chapter 4: Personnel Administration

Section 1: Basic Theory of Personnel Administration
01 Characteristics and Flow of Personnel Administration 453
02 Leaf Crown 455
03 Performance-based 458
04 Career Civil Service System 461
05 Representative Bureaucracy 464
06 Central Personnel Administration Agency 468
07 Active Personnel Management 472
Posthuman Relations 472
Human Resource Management (HRM) 472

Section 2 Classification of Public Offices
01 Career and Special Career Positions 476
Personnel Hearings and 480 Public Officials
02 Open and Closed Greetings 481
03 Class System 485
04 Position Classification System 486
Occupational classification of general civil servants in Korea 492
Current Status and Problems of Korea's Public Service Classification System 492
05 Senior Civil Service System 493

Section 3 Appointment of Civil Servants
01 Appointment 500
02 Test 504

Section 4: Capacity Development of Civil Servants
01 Training 508
02 Performance Evaluation 511
Job Performance Contract System (Job Performance Management System) 520
03 Promotion 521
04 Batch Conversion 524
05 Competency-Based Personnel Management 526

Section 5: Welfare and morale of public officials
01 Civil servant fraud 530
Civil Servant Grievance Handling System 532
Proposal System 532
02 Civil servant compensation 533
Korea's Performance-Based Pay System - Annual Salary System 537
Total personnel expenses 538
03 Civil Servant Pension 539
04 Identity Guarantee 542
05 Civil Servants' Union - Civil Servants' Organization 549
Legal provisions related to civil servant unions 551

Section 6 Public Ethics and Corruption
01 Political Neutrality 555
02 Public Service Ethics 558
03 Public Corruption 565
National Human Rights Commission 569
04 Whistleblower Protection System 570

Chapter 5 Financial Administration Theory

Section 1: Concept and Essence of Budget
01 Budget and Finance 581
02 Budget-Related Law 584
03 Planning and Budget 591
National Fiscal Management Plan 592
04 Financial Administration Organization 592
05 Budget Functions 594
06 Budget Principles 595
07 Budget Classification 600
Program Budget System 603

Section 2 Types of Budgets
01 Classification by nature of revenue and expenditure:
General Accounting and Special Accounting 606
02 Government Fund 608
03 Integrated Finance (Integrated Budget) 612
04 Tax Expenditure Budget 616
05 Gender Equality Budget 618
06 Classification by budget establishment period:
Original Budget, Revised Budget, and Supplementary Budget 619
07 Response measures in case of budget failure:
Supplementary Budget, Provisional Budget, and Provisional Budget 620

Section 3 Budget Decision Theory
01 Development and Types of Budget Theory 622
02 Budgetary Rationalism and Incrementalism 623
Economic and Political Principles of Budgeting 627
A. Schick's budget decision typology - process budgeting
System Budget and Incrementalism/Decrementalism 627
03 Resource Scarcity and the Discipline of Public Expenditure Management 629

Section 4 Budget System Theory
01 Budget by Item (LIBS) 633
02 Performance-Based Budgeting (PBS) 635
03 Planning Budget (PPBS) 639
04 Zero Base Budget (ZBB) 643
05 Capital Budgeting (CBS) 649
06 Performance-Based Budgeting (NPB) - Results-Based Budgeting 652
Fiscal reform in each country - the sacred budget
655 cases by country

Section 5 Budget Process
01 Budget Cycle 661
02 Budget Preparation 663
03 Budget Review 667
The nature of the National Assembly's committees and the Special Committee on Budget and Settlement 669
04 Budget Execution 671
Comparison of the Continuing Fee and Long-Term Continuing Contract Systems 677
Comparison of expenditure budgets, ongoing expenses, and national debt burden behavior 678
05 Purchasing Administration (Procurement Administration) 681
Trends in Purchasing Administration 681
06 Settlement 683
World surplus 685
07 Government Accounting 686
Modifications to Cash and Accrual Accounting 691
08 Accounting Audit 693
Autonomy of Independent Agencies' Administration 696

Chapter 6 Administrative Reflux and Informatization

Section 1 Administrative Responsibility
01 Administrative Responsibility 705
02 Administrative Control 710
03 Ombudsman System 715
Civil Affairs Administration 718
04 Administrative Participation 719
Behaviors and Stages of Civic Participation (Arnstein) 721
05 Participatory Budgeting System 722

Section 2 Administrative Reform
01 The Essence of Administrative Reform 725
02 Administrative Reforms and Lessons from Advanced Countries 730
03 Administrative Reform in Our Country 733
Introduction of major systems, policies, and laws in our country
Year of enactment 738

Section 3 Informatization and Administration
01 Knowledge Information Society and Administration 740
02 Administrative Information System 743
03 E-Government 748
04 Knowledge Administration Management 757

Chapter 7 Local Autonomy Theory

Section 1 Basic Theory of Local Autonomy
01 Concept and Characteristics of Local Administration 767
02 The Essence and Value of Local Autonomy 768
03 Autonomy 771
04 The Evolution and History of Local Autonomy 773
05 Local Autonomy in Our Country 777

Section 2 Relationship between local governments and the state
01 Intergovernmental Relations 785
Other IGR Theories 787
02 Central Control 788
Characteristics of Central Control by Type of Autonomy 789
03 Special Local Government Agencies (Frontline Agencies) 794
04 Intergovernmental Conflicts and Disputes 797
05 Metropolitan Administration 799

Section 3 Organization of local governments
01 Types of Local Governments 805
Relationship between Metropolitan and Basic Local Governments 810
02 Hierarchical Structure of Local Governments 810
03 Local Government District 812
04 Local Government Organizational Structure 813
817 Local Council Meeting Operations

Section 4 Functions and Affairs of Local Governments
01 Distribution of local government functions 824
02 Local Government Affairs 828
The nature of family relationship registration (formerly family register) 832
Educational Autonomy 833
Police Autonomy 833

Section 5 Local Government Finances
01 The Nature and System of Local Finance 836
Classification of local government resources 838
Type 838 of government subsidies (adjustment funds)
02 Evaluation of Local Financial Capacity 843
Self-reliance and general resource allocation 843
03 Local Tax 844
847 Considerations When Coordinating National and Local Tax Sources
Considerations for Converting National Taxes to Local Taxes 847
04 Non-tax income 850
Non-tax revenue system 850
05 Local Public Enterprise 851
06 National Treasury Subsidy 852
07 Local government allocation tax 854
Metropolitan autonomous bodies to basic autonomous bodies
Fiscal Adjustment System 857
08 Local Bond 858
09 Local Government Fund 860

Section 6 Local Autonomy and Residents
01 Resident Participation (Resident Control) 862
02 Resident Audit Request 863
03 Resident Ordinance Request (Resident Initiative System) 864
04 Residents' Lawsuit 866
05 Referendum 867
06 Resident Recall 870

Section 7 Urban Administration
01 Urban Administration 875

End of Volume 1/2 Common: Index

2026 Kim Jung-gyu ALL The characteristics of the right preemptive suspension are as follows.

First, as the 7th level national exam was converted to the PSAT and the 9th level public administration was converted to a required subject, the difficulty of the public administration section of both the 9th and 7th level exams has increased significantly since 2022.
We have supplemented the content with more depth to prepare for the increased difficulty level.
In particular, considering the recent increase in the proportion of legal and practical questions, which has further increased the difficulty level, we have focused on strengthening the exam to prepare for this.

Second, we closely analyzed and reflected the exam trends for 2024-2025, and based on this, we proactively supplemented the content by predicting the areas that will be expanded and tested next year.

Third, we have fully reflected the recently revised systems and laws.
It fully reflects the latest hot issues in public administration, including the Local Autonomy Act and the Resident Referendum Act, which were comprehensively revised in January 2022, the newly enacted Resident Ordinance Proposal Act, the Public Official Conflict of Interest Prevention Act, the recently revised Public Institution Operation Act, the Civil Servants' Union Act, the Basic Act on Intelligent Information, the Government Organization Act, and the National Accounting Standards (integrated finance, national debt, etc.).

Fourth, considering that the 9th grade public administration course has become mandatory and the questions are being asked in greater depth than in the past, we have completely supplemented the introductory course and detailed parts (such as legal provisions or theoretical theories) that deviate slightly from the core main topic.

Fifth, we have edited the book to be easy to read by specifically indicating confusing parts, essential information, memorization techniques, parts to study with a focus on understanding, and parts to study with a focus on memorization, breaking away from the rigid framework of a textbook.

Sixth, we have introduced recent representative exam questions that you must know for each topic, and we have included true/false explanations for each section and a chapter overview for each chapter to organically connect the review of each section and the chapter-by-chapter review, and we have organized it so that the big picture of public administration is clearly depicted for each section and chapter.

Seventh, to ensure organic learning with the 2026 Kim Jung-gyu Exam Preliminary Exam Questions, which will be published soon after the basic textbook, the chapter and section organization has been aligned, and it has been published in two volumes.

Eighth, if you study along with the 2026 previous exam questions and supplementary materials such as the 2026 Preliminary Exam Notes (a surprising note that even the basic book is a surprise note), you will be able to double your learning effect.

Ninth, as with all textbooks for advanced studies, this 2026 textbook in particular has been composed at the level of test takers, reflecting the opinions of test takers as much as possible, making difficult parts as easy as possible, providing appropriate examples where examples are needed, and marking parts that require further explanation with edits, making it easy for test takers to understand.

Tenth, we have significantly strengthened the content of newly emerging trends (financial principles, diversity management, integrated finance, public value management theory, nudge theory, regulatory reform, revisions to the Local Autonomy Act, public institutions, the Blacksburg Declaration, administrative reorganization movement, policy evaluation experimental design, local financial decentralization, local affairs distribution principles, etc.).

Eleventh and lastly, in preparation for the legal issues that have recently become a source of difficulty, we have tried to reflect as much as possible the important contents of administrative law-related laws and regulations, including not only the laws that have been frequently introduced (such as the National Civil Service Act, the National Finance Act, and the Local Autonomy Act), but also subsidiary laws.

The newly published 2026 Advanced Exam Preparation is a textbook that perfectly prepares you for any level of difficulty.
All Correct Pre-School Suspension will be a space for communication and discourse that will connect you and me more closely through the link of public administration.
We sincerely hope that you will pass the 2026 Advanced Examination with a high score, as it has been published in a new and improved form.
I also express my deepest gratitude to my students, Eunseon and Yuri, who are also senior assistants at Kaspar, for their hard work in the 2026 pre-school corrections.

Preemptive suspension is the easiest, most fun, clearest, and most correct first-class administrative science in Korea.