
Korean Standard Grammar
Description
Book Introduction
This book is written at a level that undergraduate students in the Department of Korean Language and Literature, Department of Korean Language Education, and Department of Korean Language Education can understand, and it will help prospective Korean language teachers, as well as graduate students studying theoretical grammar, to understand the standard content of the relevant field of Korean grammar.
I hope to provide teachers of Korean and Korean language who teach Korean to students in elementary and middle schools with practical and in-depth grammar knowledge that cannot be satisfied through school grammar.
The contents of this book are divided into two parts: the core grammar skills section, which is the main text, and the applied grammar skills section, which is presented in the form of footnotes.
The core grammar skills section provides detailed yet concise descriptions of grammar for each area, and separate in-depth boxes are provided to enable readers to gain in-depth knowledge beyond standard grammar content.
The Applied Grammar Technology section contains information to keep in mind when applying standardized grammar to Korean language education grammar, Korean language education grammar, theoretical grammar, and daily life grammar.
This book starts from the national language standards, such as the standard grammar and language regulations represented by school grammar and the Standard Korean Dictionary, but sufficiently reflects the results of Korean language research accumulated over time.
I believe that in the future, this book can be used as a reference grammar for students and teachers, and as a foundational grammar when creating Korean language textbooks and teaching materials.
I hope to provide teachers of Korean and Korean language who teach Korean to students in elementary and middle schools with practical and in-depth grammar knowledge that cannot be satisfied through school grammar.
The contents of this book are divided into two parts: the core grammar skills section, which is the main text, and the applied grammar skills section, which is presented in the form of footnotes.
The core grammar skills section provides detailed yet concise descriptions of grammar for each area, and separate in-depth boxes are provided to enable readers to gain in-depth knowledge beyond standard grammar content.
The Applied Grammar Technology section contains information to keep in mind when applying standardized grammar to Korean language education grammar, Korean language education grammar, theoretical grammar, and daily life grammar.
This book starts from the national language standards, such as the standard grammar and language regulations represented by school grammar and the Standard Korean Dictionary, but sufficiently reflects the results of Korean language research accumulated over time.
I believe that in the future, this book can be used as a reference grammar for students and teachers, and as a foundational grammar when creating Korean language textbooks and teaching materials.
index
General
1.
Characteristics of the Korean language
1.1.
Phonological features
1.2.
Morphological features
1.3.
Syntactic features
1.4.
Discourse-theoretic features
2.
Characteristics and Applications of Standard Grammar
2.1.
Characteristics of Standard Grammar
2.1.1.
The need for a standard grammar
2.1.2.
The concept of "standard grammar"
2.1.3.
Technical direction of 〈Standard Grammar〉
2.1.4.
Characteristics of Standard Grammar
2.1.5.
Structure and System of Standard Grammar
2.2.
Utilization of 〈Standard Grammar〉
2.2.1.
Use in revising grammar rules
2.2.2.
Use in revising the Korean dictionary
2.2.3.
Use in Korean language education
2.2.4.
Use in Korean language education
3.
Comparison of terms in the Standard Grammar with existing terms
3.1.
Grammar books and terminology from the Standard Grammar
3.1.1.
Phonological terms in grammar books and standard grammars
3.1.2.
Morphological terms in grammar books and standard grammar
3.1.3.
Syntactic terms in grammar books and standard grammar
3.2.
Grammar rules and terminology of the Standard Grammar
3.2.1.
Grammatical rules and phonological terms of the Standard Grammar
3.2.2.
Grammatical rules and morphological terms of the Standard Grammar
3.3.
Terminology from the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.1.
Phonological terms in the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.2.
Morphological terms in the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.3.
Syntactic terms from the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
References
phonology
1.
voice
1.1.
Production of speech sounds
1.1.1.
The process of producing speech sounds
1.1.2.
vocal organs
1.2.
Voice and phonology
1.2.1.
voice
1.2.2.
Phonology
2.
phoneme
2.1.
consonant
2.1.1.
The concept of consonants
2.1.2.
List of consonants
2.1.3.
Consonant classification criteria
2.1.4.
consonant system
2.2.
gather
2.2.1.
The concept of vowels
2.2.2.
monophthong
2.2.3.
semivowel
2.2.4.
diphthongs
3.
Unso
3.1.
sound field
3.1.1.
Discrimination of sound field
3.1.2.
Position of realization of long vowels
3.1.3.
Changes in the sound field
3.1.4.
expressive long vowels
3.2.
Accent
3.2.1.
Definition of intonation
3.2.2.
Common types of intonation
3.2.3.
sentence intonation
4.
tissue
4.1.
Definition of toilet paper
4.2.
Physiological functions of toilet paper
4.3.
Phonological functions of pauses
4.4.
Syntactic and semantic functions of toilet paper
5.
syllable
5.1.
Definition of syllable
5.2.
Syllable structure and types
5.3.
Formation of syllables
5.4.
Constraints on syllable realization
6.
Distinctive qualities
6.1.
The concept of distinctive qualities
6.2.
Main classification qualities
6.3.
Consonant classification features
6.4.
Vowel classification properties
7.
Basal type
7.1.
Basal and superficial types
7.2.
How to set the base type
7.3.
Base form of irregular conjugation stem
7.3.1.
Non-automatic replacement type
7.3.2.
Realization of allomorphs of irregular conjugated stems
7.3.3.
Setting of abstract base types
7.3.4.
Multi-base configuration
8.
Types of phonological phenomena
9.
Consonant substitution
9.1.
flat rupture
9.2.
nasalization
9.3.
Nasalization of 'ㄹ'
9.4.
Voiced
9.5.
lenition
9.6.
Place of articulation assimilation
9.7.
palatalization
10.
Vowel replacement
10.1.
semivowelization
10.2.
'ㅣ' vowel retrograde fairy tale
10.3.
rounded vowel
10.4.
vowel harmony
11.
leaving out
11.1.
Simplifying consonant clusters
11.2.
Dropped back sound
11.3.
'ㅡ' eliminated
11.4.
Dropping out of vowels
11.5.
Same vowel dropout
11.6.
Semivowel j dropped
11.7.
The initial consonant 'ㅓ' is dropped
12.
adding
12.1.
Add 'ㄴ'
12.2.
Addition of semivowels
13.
contraction
13.1.
Organic sound
13.2.
vowel contraction
References
Morphology
1.
Unit of morphology
1.1.
morpheme
1.1.1.
Definition of morpheme
1.1.2.
This form and the basic form
1.1.2.1.
This type and replacement
1.1.2.2.
Aspects of this type of replacement
1.1.2.2.1.
Automatic and non-automatic replacement
1.1.2.2.2.
Regular and irregular replacement
1.1.2.2.3.
Replacement by phonological conditions and replacement by non-phonological conditions
1.1.2.3.
Replacement and Basic
1.1.3.
Subtypes of morphemes
1.1.3.1.
Independent morphemes and dependent morphemes
1.1.3.2.
Real morphemes and formal morphemes
1.1.4.
Morphological analysis
1.1.4.1.
The concept of morphological analysis
1.1.4.2.
Standards for morphological analysis
1.1.4.3.
Morphological analysis in practice
1.1.4.4.
The difficulty of morphological analysis
1.2.
word
1.2.1.
Definition of the word
1.2.1.1.
General definition of the word
1.2.1.2.
Whether the words of the investigator and the mother are recognized
1.2.1.3.
Separation of word concepts
1.2.2.
word structure
1.2.2.1.
Word components and word structure
1.2.2.2.
Analysis of word structure
1.2.3.
Distinction of word components
1.2.3.1.
Roots and affixes, stems and endings
1.2.3.2.
Distinction of roots
1.2.3.3.
Distinction of affixes
1.2.4.
Types of words
2.
Part of speech classification
2.1.
Definition and classification of parts of speech
2.1.1.
Definition of parts of speech and the need for classification of parts of speech
2.1.2.
The difficulty of classifying parts of speech
2.2.
Criteria for classifying parts of speech
2.2.1.
Setting the criteria for classifying parts of speech
2.2.2.
Interpretation of part-of-speech classification criteria
2.3.
The reality of part-of-speech classification
2.3.1.
Order of application of part-of-speech classification criteria
2.3.2.
Results of part-of-speech classification
2.4.
Common parts of speech
2.4.1.
Common use of parts of speech
2.4.2.
Grammatical explanation of parts of speech usage
3.
Noun
3.1.
Characteristics of nouns
3.2.
Types of nouns
3.2.1.
noun
3.2.1.1.
Common nouns and proper nouns
3.2.1.2.
Independent and dependent nouns
3.2.1.3.
Other classes of nouns
3.2.2.
pronoun
3.2.2.1.
personal pronouns
3.2.2.2.
demonstrative pronouns
3.2.3.
investigation
3.2.3.1.
Yangsu Temple
3.2.3.2.
Orthographic numeration
4.
Verb
4.1.
Characteristics of verbs
4.2.
Conjugation and endings of verbs
4.2.1.
Conjugation of verbs
4.2.1.1.
Conjugation and basic forms of verbs
4.2.1.2.
Characteristics of conjugation according to verb
4.2.1.3.
Incompleteness of utilization
4.2.2.
ending of a word
4.3.
Types of verbs
4.3.1.
verb
4.3.1.1.
Definition and characteristics of verbs
4.3.1.2.
Subcategories of verbs
4.3.1.2.1.
Intransitive and transitive verbs
4.3.1.2.2.
Regular and irregular verbs
4.3.2.
adjective
4.3.2.1.
Definition and characteristics of adjectives
4.3.2.2.
Subcategories of adjectives
4.3.2.2.1.
Descriptive and demonstrative adjectives
4.3.2.2.2.
Regular and irregular adjectives
4.3.3.
am
4.3.3.1.
Category of 'is'
4.3.3.2.
Characteristics of 'ida'
4.4.
auxiliary verbs
4.4.1.
Definition and characteristics of auxiliary verbs
4.4.2.
auxiliary verb
4.4.3.
auxiliary adjective
5.
Modifiers and independent words
5.1.
Characteristics of modifiers
5.2.
Types of modifiers
5.2.1.
adjective
5.2.1.1.
Definition and characteristics of adjectives
5.2.1.2.
Subcategories of adjectives
5.2.1.2.1.
Descriptive adjective
5.2.1.2.2.
demonstrative adjective
5.2.1.2.3.
Number of Detectives
5.2.1.3.
Combination order of adjectives
5.2.2.
adverb
5.2.2.1.
Definition and characteristics of adverbs
5.2.2.2.
Subcategories of adverbs
5.2.2.2.1.
Component adverbs and sentence adverbs
5.2.2.2.2.
Adverbs of character, adverbs of demonstration, adverbs of negation
5.3.
Independence speech
5.3.1.
Characteristics of exclamations
5.3.2.
Subcategories of exclamations
6.
Relationship words
6.1.
Characteristics of the investigation
6.2.
Types of investigation
6.2.1.
particle
6.2.1.1.
Subcategories of particle particles
6.2.1.2.
Omission of particle
6.2.2.
Auxiliary verb
6.2.2.1.
Semantic function of auxiliary verbs
6.2.2.2.
The role of auxiliary verbs
6.2.3.
Connection survey
6.3.
Overlapping investigations
7.
Word formation methods and types
7.1.
The driving force behind word formation and the principles of word formation
7.1.1.
Motivators of word formation
7.1.2.
Principles of word formation
7.1.2.1.
Analogies and Rules as Principles of Word Formation
7.1.2.2.
Form and meaning in word formation
7.2.
Classification of word formation methods
7.2.1.
Word analysis and word formation
7.2.2.
Types of word formation methods
8.
derivation
8.1.
Derivative formation and derivative affixes
8.1.1.
Scope of derivative affixes
8.1.2.
Productivity of derivative affixes
8.1.3.
Derivative formation and unified word formation
8.1.4.
Rules and constraints for forming derivatives
8.2.
Prefix derivative formation
8.2.1.
Prefixes and prefix derivation
8.2.2.
Types of prefix derivation
8.2.2.1.
Noun root prefix derivation
8.2.2.2.
Verb/adjective root prefix derivation
8.2.2.3.
Noun and Verb/Adjective Root Prefix Derivation
8.3.
Formation of suffix derivatives
8.3.1.
Suffixes and suffix derivation
8.3.2.
Types of suffix derivation
8.3.2.1.
Noun formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.2.
Verb formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.3.
Adjective formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.4.
Adverbial formation suffix derivation
9.
synthesis
9.1.
Compounds and compound words
9.1.1.
The concept of synthesis
9.1.2.
Types of synthesis
9.1.3.
Synthesis and phonological phenomena
9.1.4.
Distinction between compound words and phrases
9.2.
Synthesis by part of speech
9.2.1.
Noun compounding
9.2.2.
Verb compounding
9.2.3.
Adjective compounding
9.2.4.
Compound adjectives
9.2.5.
Adverbial compounding
10.
Chinese character word formation
10.1.
Characteristics of Chinese character word formation
10.2.
Chinese character derivation
10.2.1.
Prefix derivation
10.2.2.
Suffix derivation
10.3.
Chinese character compound
References
syntax
1.
Grammatical units that make up a sentence
1.1.
Grammar unit
1.2.
nine
1.3.
Words and phrases
1.4.
I
1.5.
sentence
1.5.1.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for sentence formation
1.5.2.
Sentence rules
1.5.3.
Scope of the sentence
2.
Sentence elements and basic sentence patterns
2.1.
sentence elements
2.1.1 Concept and types of sentence elements
2.1.2.
Analysis of sentence components
2.1.3.
chief ingredient
2.1.3.1.
subject
2.1.3.1.1.
Subject formation and nominative particle
2.1.3.1.2.
Omission of nominative particles and subjects
2.1.3.1.3.
Syntactic features of the subject
2.1.3.1.4.
Compound sentences containing descriptive clauses
2.1.3.2.
direct object
2.1.3.2.1.
Establishment of objects and objective case particles
2.1.3.2.2.
Objective particle and omission of object
2.1.3.2.3.
Sentences with multiple objects
2.1.3.2.4.
Intransitive verb predicates and objective particles
2.1.3.3.
predicate
2.1.3.3.1.
Formation of predicate
2.1.3.3.2.
Number of digits and selection constraints of predicates
2.1.3.4.
complement
2.1.3.4.1.
Formation of bore and particle case
2.1.3.4.2.
Omission of particle and complement
2.1.3.4.3.
Bore's range
2.1.3.4.4.
Bohr's characteristics
2.1.3.4.5.
Verbs that require a bore
2.1.4.
accessory ingredients
2.1.4.1.
adjective
2.1.4.1.1.
Formation of adjectives
2.1.4.1.2.
Characteristics of adjectives
2.1.4.2.
adverb
2.1.4.2.1.
Formation of adverbs
2.1.4.2.2.
Types and characteristics of adverbs
2.1.5.
Independent component
2.2.
Basic sentence patterns
2.2.1.
The concept and utility of basic sentence patterns
2.2.2.
Principles for setting basic sentence patterns
2.2.2.1.
Principle of inclusivity
2.2.2.2.
Form-centered principle
2.2.2.3.
Multilevel classification principle
2.2.3.
Example of basic sentence structure settings
3.
Single and compound sentences
3.1.
Sentence structure
3.2.
Connected sentences
3.3.
An Eun-munjang
3.3.1.
Sentences containing noun clauses
3.3.1.1.
Formation of a noun clause
3.3.1.2.
Noun clauses and noun clause equivalents
3.3.1.2.1.
Noun clause with nominal ending
3.3.1.2.2.
Noun clause equivalent composition
3.3.1.2.2.1.
thing noun clause equivalent composition
3.3.1.2.2.2.
Interrogative noun clause structure
3.3.2.
Sentences containing adjective clauses
3.3.3.
Sentences with adverbial clauses
3.3.4.
Sentences containing quotations
3.3.5.
Sentences containing descriptive clauses
3.4.
Syntactic phenomena of compound sentences
3.4.1.
Substitution phenomenon
3.4.2.
Topic constraints
3.4.3.
Movement restrictions
3.4.4.
The phenomenon of combining verb endings
3.4.5.
Same subject constraint
3.4.6.
Other phenomena
4.
sentence ending
4.1.
Realization and system of sentence termination
4.1.1.
Realization of sentence termination
4.1.2.
Sentence ending system
4.2.
Sentence types
4.2.1.
Plain text
4.2.2.
exclamation
4.2.3.
question
4.2.3.1.
The concept and formation of interrogative sentences
4.2.3.2.
Subtypes of interrogative sentences
4.2.3.2.1.
Judgment interrogative sentence
4.2.3.2.2.
explanatory questions
4.2.3.2.3.
Choice questions
4.2.3.2.4.
investigative interrogative
4.2.3.2.5.
Echoing interrogative sentences
4.2.4.
Command statement
4.2.5.
Cheongyumun
4.3.
Sentence types and speech acts
5.
exaltation
5.1.
Definition and Overview
5.2.
elevate the subject
5.3.
Relative honorifics
5.4.
Elevate objects
5.5.
Lexical honorifics
5.6.
Strategic choice of elevation
6.
Time and reward
6.1.
Definition and Overview
6.2.
Absolute and relative tenses
6.3.
today
6.4.
past
6.5.
future
6.6.
award
7.
negative
7.1.
The concept and scope of negative sentences
7.2.
Types of negative sentences
7.2.1.
General negative sentences
7.2.1.1.
No negative sentence
7.2.1.2 Nail Negation
7.2.2.
Special negative sentences
7.2.2.1.
Malda negative sentence
7.2.2.2.
Vocabulary Negative Sentences
7.3.
Syntactic features of negative sentences
7.3.1.
Negative action area
7.3.2.
The position of the suffix in long negative sentences
7.3.3.
Answering negative questions
7.3.4.
double negative sentences
8.
causative and passive voice
8.1.
Sadong
8.1.1.
Initiative and causative
8.1.2.
Causative predicates and causative sentences
8.1.2.1.
Morphological causative sentences
8.1.2.2.
Syntactic causative sentences
8.1.2.3.
Difference between two types
8.2.
Passive
8.2.1.
Definition of passive voice
8.2.2.
Passive predicates and passive sentences
8.2.2.1.
Morphological passive sentences
8.2.2.2.
Syntactic passive sentences
References
Discourse theory
1.
Establishment and units of discourse
1.1.
Establishment of discourse
1.1.1.
The concept of discourse
1.1.2.
Discourse and Language Units
1.2.
Unit of discourse
1.2.1.
Discourse and utterance
1.2.2.
Unit of discourse
2.
Components of discourse
2.1.
Discourse components and delivery medium
2.2.
Conversation participants
2.3.
message
2.4.
situational context
3.
Characteristics of discourse
3.1.
Discursiveness
3.2.
Elements of discourse
3.2.1.
Coagulability
3.2.2.
cohesion
3.2.3.
Intentionality
3.2.4.
Tolerance
3.2.5.
Information
3.2.6.
Situational
3.2.7.
intertextuality
4.
Discourse functions and types of discourse
4.1.
Types of discourse functions
4.1.1.
Discourse functions and purposes of language use
4.1.2.
Discourse functions and their relationship with the world and the speaker
4.1.3.
Discourse function and listener
4.2.
System of discourse functions
4.3.
Types of discourse
5.
Structure of discourse
5.1.
Discourse types and discourse structures
5.2.
Hierarchical structure of discourse
5.3.
The structure of the discourse
5.4.
Structure of reciprocal discourse
6.
Discourse cover
6.1.
Definition and Overview
6.1.1.
Definition of discourse markers
6.1.2.
Discourse markers in spoken and written language
6.2.
Spoken Discourse Markers
6.2.1.
Format of spoken discourse markers
6.2.2.
Types of spoken discourse markers
6.2.3.
Functions of spoken discourse markers
6.2.4.
Characteristics of spoken discourse markers
6.3.
Octopus Discourse Cover
6.3.1.
Structure and function of octopus discourse markers
6.3.1.1.
The structure of octopus discourse
6.3.1.2.
Function of the octopus discourse marker
6.3.2.
Octopus discourse structure and marker types
6.3.2.1.
Description
6.3.2.2.
travelogue
6.3.2.2.1.
Itinerary cover
6.3.2.2.2.
Cover of the book
6.3.2.2.3.
Appreciation cover
References
Search
1.
Characteristics of the Korean language
1.1.
Phonological features
1.2.
Morphological features
1.3.
Syntactic features
1.4.
Discourse-theoretic features
2.
Characteristics and Applications of Standard Grammar
2.1.
Characteristics of Standard Grammar
2.1.1.
The need for a standard grammar
2.1.2.
The concept of "standard grammar"
2.1.3.
Technical direction of 〈Standard Grammar〉
2.1.4.
Characteristics of Standard Grammar
2.1.5.
Structure and System of Standard Grammar
2.2.
Utilization of 〈Standard Grammar〉
2.2.1.
Use in revising grammar rules
2.2.2.
Use in revising the Korean dictionary
2.2.3.
Use in Korean language education
2.2.4.
Use in Korean language education
3.
Comparison of terms in the Standard Grammar with existing terms
3.1.
Grammar books and terminology from the Standard Grammar
3.1.1.
Phonological terms in grammar books and standard grammars
3.1.2.
Morphological terms in grammar books and standard grammar
3.1.3.
Syntactic terms in grammar books and standard grammar
3.2.
Grammar rules and terminology of the Standard Grammar
3.2.1.
Grammatical rules and phonological terms of the Standard Grammar
3.2.2.
Grammatical rules and morphological terms of the Standard Grammar
3.3.
Terminology from the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.1.
Phonological terms in the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.2.
Morphological terms in the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
3.3.3.
Syntactic terms from the Standard Korean Dictionary and Standard Grammar
References
phonology
1.
voice
1.1.
Production of speech sounds
1.1.1.
The process of producing speech sounds
1.1.2.
vocal organs
1.2.
Voice and phonology
1.2.1.
voice
1.2.2.
Phonology
2.
phoneme
2.1.
consonant
2.1.1.
The concept of consonants
2.1.2.
List of consonants
2.1.3.
Consonant classification criteria
2.1.4.
consonant system
2.2.
gather
2.2.1.
The concept of vowels
2.2.2.
monophthong
2.2.3.
semivowel
2.2.4.
diphthongs
3.
Unso
3.1.
sound field
3.1.1.
Discrimination of sound field
3.1.2.
Position of realization of long vowels
3.1.3.
Changes in the sound field
3.1.4.
expressive long vowels
3.2.
Accent
3.2.1.
Definition of intonation
3.2.2.
Common types of intonation
3.2.3.
sentence intonation
4.
tissue
4.1.
Definition of toilet paper
4.2.
Physiological functions of toilet paper
4.3.
Phonological functions of pauses
4.4.
Syntactic and semantic functions of toilet paper
5.
syllable
5.1.
Definition of syllable
5.2.
Syllable structure and types
5.3.
Formation of syllables
5.4.
Constraints on syllable realization
6.
Distinctive qualities
6.1.
The concept of distinctive qualities
6.2.
Main classification qualities
6.3.
Consonant classification features
6.4.
Vowel classification properties
7.
Basal type
7.1.
Basal and superficial types
7.2.
How to set the base type
7.3.
Base form of irregular conjugation stem
7.3.1.
Non-automatic replacement type
7.3.2.
Realization of allomorphs of irregular conjugated stems
7.3.3.
Setting of abstract base types
7.3.4.
Multi-base configuration
8.
Types of phonological phenomena
9.
Consonant substitution
9.1.
flat rupture
9.2.
nasalization
9.3.
Nasalization of 'ㄹ'
9.4.
Voiced
9.5.
lenition
9.6.
Place of articulation assimilation
9.7.
palatalization
10.
Vowel replacement
10.1.
semivowelization
10.2.
'ㅣ' vowel retrograde fairy tale
10.3.
rounded vowel
10.4.
vowel harmony
11.
leaving out
11.1.
Simplifying consonant clusters
11.2.
Dropped back sound
11.3.
'ㅡ' eliminated
11.4.
Dropping out of vowels
11.5.
Same vowel dropout
11.6.
Semivowel j dropped
11.7.
The initial consonant 'ㅓ' is dropped
12.
adding
12.1.
Add 'ㄴ'
12.2.
Addition of semivowels
13.
contraction
13.1.
Organic sound
13.2.
vowel contraction
References
Morphology
1.
Unit of morphology
1.1.
morpheme
1.1.1.
Definition of morpheme
1.1.2.
This form and the basic form
1.1.2.1.
This type and replacement
1.1.2.2.
Aspects of this type of replacement
1.1.2.2.1.
Automatic and non-automatic replacement
1.1.2.2.2.
Regular and irregular replacement
1.1.2.2.3.
Replacement by phonological conditions and replacement by non-phonological conditions
1.1.2.3.
Replacement and Basic
1.1.3.
Subtypes of morphemes
1.1.3.1.
Independent morphemes and dependent morphemes
1.1.3.2.
Real morphemes and formal morphemes
1.1.4.
Morphological analysis
1.1.4.1.
The concept of morphological analysis
1.1.4.2.
Standards for morphological analysis
1.1.4.3.
Morphological analysis in practice
1.1.4.4.
The difficulty of morphological analysis
1.2.
word
1.2.1.
Definition of the word
1.2.1.1.
General definition of the word
1.2.1.2.
Whether the words of the investigator and the mother are recognized
1.2.1.3.
Separation of word concepts
1.2.2.
word structure
1.2.2.1.
Word components and word structure
1.2.2.2.
Analysis of word structure
1.2.3.
Distinction of word components
1.2.3.1.
Roots and affixes, stems and endings
1.2.3.2.
Distinction of roots
1.2.3.3.
Distinction of affixes
1.2.4.
Types of words
2.
Part of speech classification
2.1.
Definition and classification of parts of speech
2.1.1.
Definition of parts of speech and the need for classification of parts of speech
2.1.2.
The difficulty of classifying parts of speech
2.2.
Criteria for classifying parts of speech
2.2.1.
Setting the criteria for classifying parts of speech
2.2.2.
Interpretation of part-of-speech classification criteria
2.3.
The reality of part-of-speech classification
2.3.1.
Order of application of part-of-speech classification criteria
2.3.2.
Results of part-of-speech classification
2.4.
Common parts of speech
2.4.1.
Common use of parts of speech
2.4.2.
Grammatical explanation of parts of speech usage
3.
Noun
3.1.
Characteristics of nouns
3.2.
Types of nouns
3.2.1.
noun
3.2.1.1.
Common nouns and proper nouns
3.2.1.2.
Independent and dependent nouns
3.2.1.3.
Other classes of nouns
3.2.2.
pronoun
3.2.2.1.
personal pronouns
3.2.2.2.
demonstrative pronouns
3.2.3.
investigation
3.2.3.1.
Yangsu Temple
3.2.3.2.
Orthographic numeration
4.
Verb
4.1.
Characteristics of verbs
4.2.
Conjugation and endings of verbs
4.2.1.
Conjugation of verbs
4.2.1.1.
Conjugation and basic forms of verbs
4.2.1.2.
Characteristics of conjugation according to verb
4.2.1.3.
Incompleteness of utilization
4.2.2.
ending of a word
4.3.
Types of verbs
4.3.1.
verb
4.3.1.1.
Definition and characteristics of verbs
4.3.1.2.
Subcategories of verbs
4.3.1.2.1.
Intransitive and transitive verbs
4.3.1.2.2.
Regular and irregular verbs
4.3.2.
adjective
4.3.2.1.
Definition and characteristics of adjectives
4.3.2.2.
Subcategories of adjectives
4.3.2.2.1.
Descriptive and demonstrative adjectives
4.3.2.2.2.
Regular and irregular adjectives
4.3.3.
am
4.3.3.1.
Category of 'is'
4.3.3.2.
Characteristics of 'ida'
4.4.
auxiliary verbs
4.4.1.
Definition and characteristics of auxiliary verbs
4.4.2.
auxiliary verb
4.4.3.
auxiliary adjective
5.
Modifiers and independent words
5.1.
Characteristics of modifiers
5.2.
Types of modifiers
5.2.1.
adjective
5.2.1.1.
Definition and characteristics of adjectives
5.2.1.2.
Subcategories of adjectives
5.2.1.2.1.
Descriptive adjective
5.2.1.2.2.
demonstrative adjective
5.2.1.2.3.
Number of Detectives
5.2.1.3.
Combination order of adjectives
5.2.2.
adverb
5.2.2.1.
Definition and characteristics of adverbs
5.2.2.2.
Subcategories of adverbs
5.2.2.2.1.
Component adverbs and sentence adverbs
5.2.2.2.2.
Adverbs of character, adverbs of demonstration, adverbs of negation
5.3.
Independence speech
5.3.1.
Characteristics of exclamations
5.3.2.
Subcategories of exclamations
6.
Relationship words
6.1.
Characteristics of the investigation
6.2.
Types of investigation
6.2.1.
particle
6.2.1.1.
Subcategories of particle particles
6.2.1.2.
Omission of particle
6.2.2.
Auxiliary verb
6.2.2.1.
Semantic function of auxiliary verbs
6.2.2.2.
The role of auxiliary verbs
6.2.3.
Connection survey
6.3.
Overlapping investigations
7.
Word formation methods and types
7.1.
The driving force behind word formation and the principles of word formation
7.1.1.
Motivators of word formation
7.1.2.
Principles of word formation
7.1.2.1.
Analogies and Rules as Principles of Word Formation
7.1.2.2.
Form and meaning in word formation
7.2.
Classification of word formation methods
7.2.1.
Word analysis and word formation
7.2.2.
Types of word formation methods
8.
derivation
8.1.
Derivative formation and derivative affixes
8.1.1.
Scope of derivative affixes
8.1.2.
Productivity of derivative affixes
8.1.3.
Derivative formation and unified word formation
8.1.4.
Rules and constraints for forming derivatives
8.2.
Prefix derivative formation
8.2.1.
Prefixes and prefix derivation
8.2.2.
Types of prefix derivation
8.2.2.1.
Noun root prefix derivation
8.2.2.2.
Verb/adjective root prefix derivation
8.2.2.3.
Noun and Verb/Adjective Root Prefix Derivation
8.3.
Formation of suffix derivatives
8.3.1.
Suffixes and suffix derivation
8.3.2.
Types of suffix derivation
8.3.2.1.
Noun formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.2.
Verb formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.3.
Adjective formation suffix derivation
8.3.2.4.
Adverbial formation suffix derivation
9.
synthesis
9.1.
Compounds and compound words
9.1.1.
The concept of synthesis
9.1.2.
Types of synthesis
9.1.3.
Synthesis and phonological phenomena
9.1.4.
Distinction between compound words and phrases
9.2.
Synthesis by part of speech
9.2.1.
Noun compounding
9.2.2.
Verb compounding
9.2.3.
Adjective compounding
9.2.4.
Compound adjectives
9.2.5.
Adverbial compounding
10.
Chinese character word formation
10.1.
Characteristics of Chinese character word formation
10.2.
Chinese character derivation
10.2.1.
Prefix derivation
10.2.2.
Suffix derivation
10.3.
Chinese character compound
References
syntax
1.
Grammatical units that make up a sentence
1.1.
Grammar unit
1.2.
nine
1.3.
Words and phrases
1.4.
I
1.5.
sentence
1.5.1.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for sentence formation
1.5.2.
Sentence rules
1.5.3.
Scope of the sentence
2.
Sentence elements and basic sentence patterns
2.1.
sentence elements
2.1.1 Concept and types of sentence elements
2.1.2.
Analysis of sentence components
2.1.3.
chief ingredient
2.1.3.1.
subject
2.1.3.1.1.
Subject formation and nominative particle
2.1.3.1.2.
Omission of nominative particles and subjects
2.1.3.1.3.
Syntactic features of the subject
2.1.3.1.4.
Compound sentences containing descriptive clauses
2.1.3.2.
direct object
2.1.3.2.1.
Establishment of objects and objective case particles
2.1.3.2.2.
Objective particle and omission of object
2.1.3.2.3.
Sentences with multiple objects
2.1.3.2.4.
Intransitive verb predicates and objective particles
2.1.3.3.
predicate
2.1.3.3.1.
Formation of predicate
2.1.3.3.2.
Number of digits and selection constraints of predicates
2.1.3.4.
complement
2.1.3.4.1.
Formation of bore and particle case
2.1.3.4.2.
Omission of particle and complement
2.1.3.4.3.
Bore's range
2.1.3.4.4.
Bohr's characteristics
2.1.3.4.5.
Verbs that require a bore
2.1.4.
accessory ingredients
2.1.4.1.
adjective
2.1.4.1.1.
Formation of adjectives
2.1.4.1.2.
Characteristics of adjectives
2.1.4.2.
adverb
2.1.4.2.1.
Formation of adverbs
2.1.4.2.2.
Types and characteristics of adverbs
2.1.5.
Independent component
2.2.
Basic sentence patterns
2.2.1.
The concept and utility of basic sentence patterns
2.2.2.
Principles for setting basic sentence patterns
2.2.2.1.
Principle of inclusivity
2.2.2.2.
Form-centered principle
2.2.2.3.
Multilevel classification principle
2.2.3.
Example of basic sentence structure settings
3.
Single and compound sentences
3.1.
Sentence structure
3.2.
Connected sentences
3.3.
An Eun-munjang
3.3.1.
Sentences containing noun clauses
3.3.1.1.
Formation of a noun clause
3.3.1.2.
Noun clauses and noun clause equivalents
3.3.1.2.1.
Noun clause with nominal ending
3.3.1.2.2.
Noun clause equivalent composition
3.3.1.2.2.1.
thing noun clause equivalent composition
3.3.1.2.2.2.
Interrogative noun clause structure
3.3.2.
Sentences containing adjective clauses
3.3.3.
Sentences with adverbial clauses
3.3.4.
Sentences containing quotations
3.3.5.
Sentences containing descriptive clauses
3.4.
Syntactic phenomena of compound sentences
3.4.1.
Substitution phenomenon
3.4.2.
Topic constraints
3.4.3.
Movement restrictions
3.4.4.
The phenomenon of combining verb endings
3.4.5.
Same subject constraint
3.4.6.
Other phenomena
4.
sentence ending
4.1.
Realization and system of sentence termination
4.1.1.
Realization of sentence termination
4.1.2.
Sentence ending system
4.2.
Sentence types
4.2.1.
Plain text
4.2.2.
exclamation
4.2.3.
question
4.2.3.1.
The concept and formation of interrogative sentences
4.2.3.2.
Subtypes of interrogative sentences
4.2.3.2.1.
Judgment interrogative sentence
4.2.3.2.2.
explanatory questions
4.2.3.2.3.
Choice questions
4.2.3.2.4.
investigative interrogative
4.2.3.2.5.
Echoing interrogative sentences
4.2.4.
Command statement
4.2.5.
Cheongyumun
4.3.
Sentence types and speech acts
5.
exaltation
5.1.
Definition and Overview
5.2.
elevate the subject
5.3.
Relative honorifics
5.4.
Elevate objects
5.5.
Lexical honorifics
5.6.
Strategic choice of elevation
6.
Time and reward
6.1.
Definition and Overview
6.2.
Absolute and relative tenses
6.3.
today
6.4.
past
6.5.
future
6.6.
award
7.
negative
7.1.
The concept and scope of negative sentences
7.2.
Types of negative sentences
7.2.1.
General negative sentences
7.2.1.1.
No negative sentence
7.2.1.2 Nail Negation
7.2.2.
Special negative sentences
7.2.2.1.
Malda negative sentence
7.2.2.2.
Vocabulary Negative Sentences
7.3.
Syntactic features of negative sentences
7.3.1.
Negative action area
7.3.2.
The position of the suffix in long negative sentences
7.3.3.
Answering negative questions
7.3.4.
double negative sentences
8.
causative and passive voice
8.1.
Sadong
8.1.1.
Initiative and causative
8.1.2.
Causative predicates and causative sentences
8.1.2.1.
Morphological causative sentences
8.1.2.2.
Syntactic causative sentences
8.1.2.3.
Difference between two types
8.2.
Passive
8.2.1.
Definition of passive voice
8.2.2.
Passive predicates and passive sentences
8.2.2.1.
Morphological passive sentences
8.2.2.2.
Syntactic passive sentences
References
Discourse theory
1.
Establishment and units of discourse
1.1.
Establishment of discourse
1.1.1.
The concept of discourse
1.1.2.
Discourse and Language Units
1.2.
Unit of discourse
1.2.1.
Discourse and utterance
1.2.2.
Unit of discourse
2.
Components of discourse
2.1.
Discourse components and delivery medium
2.2.
Conversation participants
2.3.
message
2.4.
situational context
3.
Characteristics of discourse
3.1.
Discursiveness
3.2.
Elements of discourse
3.2.1.
Coagulability
3.2.2.
cohesion
3.2.3.
Intentionality
3.2.4.
Tolerance
3.2.5.
Information
3.2.6.
Situational
3.2.7.
intertextuality
4.
Discourse functions and types of discourse
4.1.
Types of discourse functions
4.1.1.
Discourse functions and purposes of language use
4.1.2.
Discourse functions and their relationship with the world and the speaker
4.1.3.
Discourse function and listener
4.2.
System of discourse functions
4.3.
Types of discourse
5.
Structure of discourse
5.1.
Discourse types and discourse structures
5.2.
Hierarchical structure of discourse
5.3.
The structure of the discourse
5.4.
Structure of reciprocal discourse
6.
Discourse cover
6.1.
Definition and Overview
6.1.1.
Definition of discourse markers
6.1.2.
Discourse markers in spoken and written language
6.2.
Spoken Discourse Markers
6.2.1.
Format of spoken discourse markers
6.2.2.
Types of spoken discourse markers
6.2.3.
Functions of spoken discourse markers
6.2.4.
Characteristics of spoken discourse markers
6.3.
Octopus Discourse Cover
6.3.1.
Structure and function of octopus discourse markers
6.3.1.1.
The structure of octopus discourse
6.3.1.2.
Function of the octopus discourse marker
6.3.2.
Octopus discourse structure and marker types
6.3.2.1.
Description
6.3.2.2.
travelogue
6.3.2.2.1.
Itinerary cover
6.3.2.2.2.
Cover of the book
6.3.2.2.3.
Appreciation cover
References
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GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: February 20, 2023
- Page count, weight, size: 730 pages | 176*248*40mm
- ISBN13: 9788930319430
- ISBN10: 8930319432
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