The emergency room doctor explains
Sure and correct first aid!

This book introduces the latest medical information and first aid techniques that can be practiced at home by doctors who treat patients every day in emergency situations.
It covers everything from common trauma in daily life, such as burns, cuts, and sprains, to abnormal symptoms that appear in the body, such as headaches and fever.
It also covers injuries that can occur during outdoor activities.
It's not that difficult, so once you get used to it, you'll be able to deal with emergencies without panicking.

The biggest concern when a wound occurs is 'bacterial infection'.
If the wound becomes infected with bacteria, pus may form and the wound may heal slowly, requiring antibiotics.
The most important thing for prevention is to wash the wound as quickly as possible.
Wash thoroughly with tap water for at least 5 minutes.
You can use soap.
Remove any visible foreign substances such as dirt and sand.
If there is any further bleeding, apply firm pressure to the wound with a clean gauze or cloth for 20 minutes.
Most bleeding stops at that point.
--- From "Chapter 1 First Aid for Trauma"

Symptoms of heatstroke vary, including dizziness, nausea, lethargy, and confusion. When consciousness is not clear, it is classified as severe.
If you suspect heatstroke, first lie down in a cool place.
Since sweating often consumes minerals from the body, drink water with salt to cool the body down.
If you are not conscious, you should go to the hospital and get examined as soon as possible.
Also, even if the symptoms are mild, if they do not improve, it is advisable to go to the hospital and get examined.
--- From "Chapter 2 First Aid You Can Do at Home"

Usually, hospitals prescribe medication that has the effect of stopping hiccups.
But there is a surprisingly simple way we can do this.
When pouring water into a cup and drinking it, drink it as if you were sipping water from the far side of the cup, the opposite of usual.
This movement is said to have the effect of stopping hiccups by relaxing the overactive nerves that move the diaphragm.
This method has a high success rate, so I highly recommend you try it.
--- From "Chapter 3 Emergency Treatment for Accidents in Daily Life"

When you have diarrhea, you lose more water than usual from your body, so you need to replenish your fluids.
Children and the elderly are more likely to become dehydrated, so caution is advised.
There are many cases where people complain, "I don't get enough water because I pour it out as soon as I drink it!", but it is important to "replenish as much as I lose."
Drink something you don't mind, such as oral fluids or sports drinks.
It is good to have children drink apple juice diluted by half.
--- From “Chapter 4 Abnormal Body Symptoms and First Aid at Home”

If you find someone falling into a river or the sea, first shout out loud to those around you for help.
Above all, even if you are confident in your swimming skills, you should never go in to rescue someone alone.
After rescue, check whether the person is conscious or not and whether he or she is breathing.
If the person is conscious, wipe the body with a dry towel and cover with a blanket to keep them warm.
If you feel chills or tremors, have shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, feel sluggish, or vomit, go to the hospital immediately.

--- From "Chapter 5 First Aid for Outdoor Activity Accidents"