
2026 Kim Deok-gwan's Public Administration, Strong in Past Questions
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The birth of a smart collection of past exam questions optimized for administrative exams!
I only study properly what will be on the test.
This is a perfect and compact collection of past exam questions optimized for the civil service administrative exam.
There are explanations for memorization that are directly related to problem solving + explanations for understanding that are the easiest to understand.
There are also related incorrect answer sheets that organize concepts and practice application problems.
I only study properly what will be on the test.
This is a perfect and compact collection of past exam questions optimized for the civil service administrative exam.
There are explanations for memorization that are directly related to problem solving + explanations for understanding that are the easiest to understand.
There are also related incorrect answer sheets that organize concepts and practice application problems.
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index
Volume 1
PART 01 General Public Administration
CHAPTER 01 Fundamentals of Public Administration
001 The Nature and Means of Administration 32
002 Similarities and Differences Between Administration and Management 33
003 The Relationship Between Administration and Politics 35
004 National Transformation and Government Views 39
005 Academic Foundations of Public Administration 43
CHAPTER 02 Understanding Administrative Theory
006 The Establishment and Reaction of American Public Administration 45
007 Scientific Management and Human Relations 52
008 Behavioral Theory and Post-Behavioral Theory 56
009 Phenomenological Approach 63
010 Ecological Approach 66
011 Systems Approach 69
012 New Institutionalism 71
013 Key Theories of Rational Choice Institutionalism 80
014 Public Choice Theory 85
015 New Public Management Theory 96
016 New Governance Theory 107
017 Various Governance Models 113
018 New Public Service Theory 119
019 Postmodernism 125
CHAPTER 03 Administrative Environment
020 Government and Markets: Market Failure 128
021 Government and Markets: Government Failure 132
022 Government and Civil Society: Citizen Participation 140
023 Governance: Social Capital 142
CHAPTER 04 Administrative Philosophy
024 Overview of Administrative Philosophy 148
025 Essential Ideology: Public Interest 151
026 Essential Ideology: Justice and Social Equity 155
027 Instrumental Ideology: Rationality 161
028 Instrumental Ideology: Efficiency and Effectiveness 163
029 Instrumental Ideology: Extravagance 168
CHAPTER 05 The Role of Administration
030 Types of Public Services 171
031 Supply method: Privatization 178
032 Supply Method: Private Investment Project 185
033 Supply Method: Administrative Service Charter, Joint Production 189
034 Performance Management of Public Services 190
035 Types of Regulation 192
036 Regulatory Issues and Reform 200
037 Regulatory Politics Model 202
PART 02 Policy Theory
CHAPTER 01 Policy and Policy Studies
038 Overview of Policy Studies 208
039 Policy Type 212
040 Policy Process Participants 229
041 Power Model of Policy Process 231
042 Policy Network 238
043 Planning 245
CHAPTER 02 Policy Agenda Setting
044 Type 3 error 246
045 Types of Policy Agenda Setting 248
046 Factors Influencing Policy Agenda Setting 258
CHAPTER 03 POLICY DECISIONS
047 Rational Policy Decision-Making and Policy Analysis 259
048 Structuring Policy Issues 261
049 Setting Policy Goals 264
050 Exploring Policy Alternatives and Predicting Outcomes 266
051 Evaluation and Selection of Policy Alternatives 273
052 Policy Decisions in Uncertain Situations 279
053 Decision-Making Models: Rational Model and Satisfaction Model 281
054 Decision-Making Model: Incremental Model 285
055 Decision-Making Models: Mixed and Optimal Models 289
056 Collective Decision Models: The Firm Model and the Cybernetic Model 295
057 Collective Decision Model: Allison Model 301
058 Collective Decision Model: Trash Can Model 306
059 Other Decision-Making Models 310
CHAPTER 04 POLICY EXECUTIVE
060 Types of Policy Execution 314
061 Policy Execution Influencing Factors 320
062 Approaches to Policy Implementation Research 322
063 Research on Various Policy Implementation 328
CHAPTER 05 POLICY EVALUATION
064 Purpose of Policy Evaluation 336
065 Types of Policy Evaluation 338
066 Factors to Consider in Policy Evaluation 341
067 Policy Evaluation Method 354
068 Policy Feedback 359
069 Evaluation of our country's government performance 365
PART 03 ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
CHAPTER 01 Designing the Organizational Structure
070 Development of Organizational Theory 372
071 Components of Organizational Structure 375
072 Principles of Organizational Structure 383
073 Communication System 390
074 Macro-Organizational Theory 391
CHAPTER 02 Types of Organizational Structure
075 Mechanical and Organic Structures 396
076 Bureaucracy 398
077 De-bureaucracy 407
078 Daft's organizational structure 412
079 Mintzberg's Organizational Structure 425
080 Organizational Structure of the Knowledge Information Society 429
081 Other organizational structures 433
CHAPTER 03 Our country's government organization
082 Central Administrative Organization 436
083 Line and Staff Organization 440
Committee 084 442
085 Responsible Management Agency 446
086 Public Institution 451
CHAPTER 04 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
087 Motivation: A Framework for Motivation Theory 456
088 Motivation: Content Theory - Growth Model 460
089 Motivation: Content Theory - Complex Model 472
090 Motivation: Process Theory 474
091 Leadership: Developments in Leadership Research 481
092 Leadership: Modern Leadership 490
093 Conflict Management 497
094 Organizational Culture 504
CHAPTER 05 ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT
095 Management by Objectives (MBO) 509
096 Total Quality Management (TQM) 512
097 Organization Development (OD) 515
098 Strategic Management (SM) and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 518
Volume 2
PART 04 Personnel Theory
CHAPTER 01 Institutional Foundation of Personnel Administration
099 Corruption and Performance-Based Approaches 534
100 Career Civil Service System 543
101 Class and Position Classification Systems 548
102 Position Classification Method 556
103 Open Personnel System 564
104 Types of Civil Servants in Korea 569
105 Performance-Based Human Resources Management 576
106 Senior Civil Service Corps 578
107 Representative Bureaucracy 582
108 Active Personnel Administration 589
109 Central Personnel Agency and Personnel Hearing System 590
CHAPTER 02 Recruitment and Competency Development
110 Types of Appointments 594
111 Reliability and Validity of Recruitment Tests 598
112 Performance Evaluation System 606
113 Multi-faceted Assessment and Competency Assessment 619
114 Limitations on Identity Security 623
115 Training and Career Development 631
CHAPTER 03 Motivation System
116 Fraud 637
117 Conservatives 642
118 Civil Servant Pension 647
119 Civil Servants' Group Activities 650
CHAPTER 04 Public Service Ethics
120 Factors that hinder public ethics 654
121 Types of Public Corruption 656
122 Korea's Public Service Ethics Ensuring System 661
PART 05 Financial Theory
CHAPTER 01 BASICS OF BUDGETING
123 Functions of the Budget 674
124 Traditional Budgeting Principles 677
125 Modern Budgeting Principles 684
126 Our country's budgetary standards 688
127 Accounting by Income and Expenditure Characteristics 692
128 Budget according to establishment date 699
129 Execution mechanism in case of budget failure 702
130 Fiscal Policy-Oriented Budget 705
131 Classification of Budget 712
132 Budget Decision Theory 715
CHAPTER 02 Traditional Budget System
133 Control-Oriented: Line-by-Line Budgeting System (LIBS) 724
134 Management-Oriented: Performance-Based Budgeting (PBS) 728
135 Planning-Oriented: Planning Budgeting System (PPBS) 733
136 Reduction-oriented: Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) 736
CHAPTER 03 Budget System Reform
137 Results-Oriented: NPBS Budget Reform 742
138 Our country's sacred-principled budget reform 745
139 Accrual-Based Double-Entry Bookkeeping System 751
140 Participatory Orientation: Fiscal Democracy and Budget Reform 757
CHAPTER 04 Our Country's Budget Process
141 Budget Preparation 759
142 Budget Review 765
143 Budget Execution: Securing Control 770
144 Budget Execution: Securing Flexibility 775
145 Settlement 785
PART 06 Administrative Reflux
CHAPTER 01 Administrative Control
146 Administrative Responsibility and Administrative Control 792
147 Types of Administrative Control 797
148 Ombudsman System 804
149 Information Disclosure Request System 809
CHAPTER 02 Administrative Reform
150 Approaches to Administrative Reform 811
151 Overcoming Resistance to Administrative Reform 815
152 Administrative Reforms in Advanced Countries 817
CHAPTER 03 E-Government Theory
153 Knowledge Information Society 819
154 e-government 823
155 Korea's e-government 827
156 Knowledge Management 831
PART 07 Local Autonomy Theory
CHAPTER 01 Local Autonomy System
157 Changes in Local Autonomy 836
158 Types of Local Autonomy 840
159 Local government agencies 846
160 Local Government Affairs 855
161 Local Government Hierarchy and Districts 858
CHAPTER 02 Intergovernmental Relations
162 Intergovernmental Relations Model 865
163 Functional Allocation 869
164 Metropolitan Administration and Dispute Resolution 875
165 Central control over local governments 883
CHAPTER 03 Local Finance
166 Characteristics of Local Finance 890
167 Self-financing 895
168 Dependent Resources 903
169 Local Financial Capacity Assessment 912
CHAPTER 04 Resident Participation
170 The Significance of Citizen Participation 916
171 Our country's resident participation system 919
PART 01 General Public Administration
CHAPTER 01 Fundamentals of Public Administration
001 The Nature and Means of Administration 32
002 Similarities and Differences Between Administration and Management 33
003 The Relationship Between Administration and Politics 35
004 National Transformation and Government Views 39
005 Academic Foundations of Public Administration 43
CHAPTER 02 Understanding Administrative Theory
006 The Establishment and Reaction of American Public Administration 45
007 Scientific Management and Human Relations 52
008 Behavioral Theory and Post-Behavioral Theory 56
009 Phenomenological Approach 63
010 Ecological Approach 66
011 Systems Approach 69
012 New Institutionalism 71
013 Key Theories of Rational Choice Institutionalism 80
014 Public Choice Theory 85
015 New Public Management Theory 96
016 New Governance Theory 107
017 Various Governance Models 113
018 New Public Service Theory 119
019 Postmodernism 125
CHAPTER 03 Administrative Environment
020 Government and Markets: Market Failure 128
021 Government and Markets: Government Failure 132
022 Government and Civil Society: Citizen Participation 140
023 Governance: Social Capital 142
CHAPTER 04 Administrative Philosophy
024 Overview of Administrative Philosophy 148
025 Essential Ideology: Public Interest 151
026 Essential Ideology: Justice and Social Equity 155
027 Instrumental Ideology: Rationality 161
028 Instrumental Ideology: Efficiency and Effectiveness 163
029 Instrumental Ideology: Extravagance 168
CHAPTER 05 The Role of Administration
030 Types of Public Services 171
031 Supply method: Privatization 178
032 Supply Method: Private Investment Project 185
033 Supply Method: Administrative Service Charter, Joint Production 189
034 Performance Management of Public Services 190
035 Types of Regulation 192
036 Regulatory Issues and Reform 200
037 Regulatory Politics Model 202
PART 02 Policy Theory
CHAPTER 01 Policy and Policy Studies
038 Overview of Policy Studies 208
039 Policy Type 212
040 Policy Process Participants 229
041 Power Model of Policy Process 231
042 Policy Network 238
043 Planning 245
CHAPTER 02 Policy Agenda Setting
044 Type 3 error 246
045 Types of Policy Agenda Setting 248
046 Factors Influencing Policy Agenda Setting 258
CHAPTER 03 POLICY DECISIONS
047 Rational Policy Decision-Making and Policy Analysis 259
048 Structuring Policy Issues 261
049 Setting Policy Goals 264
050 Exploring Policy Alternatives and Predicting Outcomes 266
051 Evaluation and Selection of Policy Alternatives 273
052 Policy Decisions in Uncertain Situations 279
053 Decision-Making Models: Rational Model and Satisfaction Model 281
054 Decision-Making Model: Incremental Model 285
055 Decision-Making Models: Mixed and Optimal Models 289
056 Collective Decision Models: The Firm Model and the Cybernetic Model 295
057 Collective Decision Model: Allison Model 301
058 Collective Decision Model: Trash Can Model 306
059 Other Decision-Making Models 310
CHAPTER 04 POLICY EXECUTIVE
060 Types of Policy Execution 314
061 Policy Execution Influencing Factors 320
062 Approaches to Policy Implementation Research 322
063 Research on Various Policy Implementation 328
CHAPTER 05 POLICY EVALUATION
064 Purpose of Policy Evaluation 336
065 Types of Policy Evaluation 338
066 Factors to Consider in Policy Evaluation 341
067 Policy Evaluation Method 354
068 Policy Feedback 359
069 Evaluation of our country's government performance 365
PART 03 ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
CHAPTER 01 Designing the Organizational Structure
070 Development of Organizational Theory 372
071 Components of Organizational Structure 375
072 Principles of Organizational Structure 383
073 Communication System 390
074 Macro-Organizational Theory 391
CHAPTER 02 Types of Organizational Structure
075 Mechanical and Organic Structures 396
076 Bureaucracy 398
077 De-bureaucracy 407
078 Daft's organizational structure 412
079 Mintzberg's Organizational Structure 425
080 Organizational Structure of the Knowledge Information Society 429
081 Other organizational structures 433
CHAPTER 03 Our country's government organization
082 Central Administrative Organization 436
083 Line and Staff Organization 440
Committee 084 442
085 Responsible Management Agency 446
086 Public Institution 451
CHAPTER 04 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
087 Motivation: A Framework for Motivation Theory 456
088 Motivation: Content Theory - Growth Model 460
089 Motivation: Content Theory - Complex Model 472
090 Motivation: Process Theory 474
091 Leadership: Developments in Leadership Research 481
092 Leadership: Modern Leadership 490
093 Conflict Management 497
094 Organizational Culture 504
CHAPTER 05 ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT
095 Management by Objectives (MBO) 509
096 Total Quality Management (TQM) 512
097 Organization Development (OD) 515
098 Strategic Management (SM) and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 518
Volume 2
PART 04 Personnel Theory
CHAPTER 01 Institutional Foundation of Personnel Administration
099 Corruption and Performance-Based Approaches 534
100 Career Civil Service System 543
101 Class and Position Classification Systems 548
102 Position Classification Method 556
103 Open Personnel System 564
104 Types of Civil Servants in Korea 569
105 Performance-Based Human Resources Management 576
106 Senior Civil Service Corps 578
107 Representative Bureaucracy 582
108 Active Personnel Administration 589
109 Central Personnel Agency and Personnel Hearing System 590
CHAPTER 02 Recruitment and Competency Development
110 Types of Appointments 594
111 Reliability and Validity of Recruitment Tests 598
112 Performance Evaluation System 606
113 Multi-faceted Assessment and Competency Assessment 619
114 Limitations on Identity Security 623
115 Training and Career Development 631
CHAPTER 03 Motivation System
116 Fraud 637
117 Conservatives 642
118 Civil Servant Pension 647
119 Civil Servants' Group Activities 650
CHAPTER 04 Public Service Ethics
120 Factors that hinder public ethics 654
121 Types of Public Corruption 656
122 Korea's Public Service Ethics Ensuring System 661
PART 05 Financial Theory
CHAPTER 01 BASICS OF BUDGETING
123 Functions of the Budget 674
124 Traditional Budgeting Principles 677
125 Modern Budgeting Principles 684
126 Our country's budgetary standards 688
127 Accounting by Income and Expenditure Characteristics 692
128 Budget according to establishment date 699
129 Execution mechanism in case of budget failure 702
130 Fiscal Policy-Oriented Budget 705
131 Classification of Budget 712
132 Budget Decision Theory 715
CHAPTER 02 Traditional Budget System
133 Control-Oriented: Line-by-Line Budgeting System (LIBS) 724
134 Management-Oriented: Performance-Based Budgeting (PBS) 728
135 Planning-Oriented: Planning Budgeting System (PPBS) 733
136 Reduction-oriented: Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) 736
CHAPTER 03 Budget System Reform
137 Results-Oriented: NPBS Budget Reform 742
138 Our country's sacred-principled budget reform 745
139 Accrual-Based Double-Entry Bookkeeping System 751
140 Participatory Orientation: Fiscal Democracy and Budget Reform 757
CHAPTER 04 Our Country's Budget Process
141 Budget Preparation 759
142 Budget Review 765
143 Budget Execution: Securing Control 770
144 Budget Execution: Securing Flexibility 775
145 Settlement 785
PART 06 Administrative Reflux
CHAPTER 01 Administrative Control
146 Administrative Responsibility and Administrative Control 792
147 Types of Administrative Control 797
148 Ombudsman System 804
149 Information Disclosure Request System 809
CHAPTER 02 Administrative Reform
150 Approaches to Administrative Reform 811
151 Overcoming Resistance to Administrative Reform 815
152 Administrative Reforms in Advanced Countries 817
CHAPTER 03 E-Government Theory
153 Knowledge Information Society 819
154 e-government 823
155 Korea's e-government 827
156 Knowledge Management 831
PART 07 Local Autonomy Theory
CHAPTER 01 Local Autonomy System
157 Changes in Local Autonomy 836
158 Types of Local Autonomy 840
159 Local government agencies 846
160 Local Government Affairs 855
161 Local Government Hierarchy and Districts 858
CHAPTER 02 Intergovernmental Relations
162 Intergovernmental Relations Model 865
163 Functional Allocation 869
164 Metropolitan Administration and Dispute Resolution 875
165 Central control over local governments 883
CHAPTER 03 Local Finance
166 Characteristics of Local Finance 890
167 Self-financing 895
168 Dependent Resources 903
169 Local Financial Capacity Assessment 912
CHAPTER 04 Resident Participation
170 The Significance of Citizen Participation 916
171 Our country's resident participation system 919
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: July 3, 2025
- Page count, weight, size: 932 pages | 205*260mm
- ISBN13: 9791167436092
- ISBN10: 1167436091
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