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Book Introduction
“No enzymes, no life!”
From our body's metabolism to the latest biotechnology
A book that helps you understand enzymes, the center of biochemistry.
A book written by Paul Engel, an authority on enzymes, that concisely covers the most basic and essential knowledge about enzymes.
Tiny proteins called enzymes each work to speed up specific chemical reactions within living organisms by millions of times.
Enzymes in our bodies work together to accomplish many of the processes we consider life, from making DNA to digesting food.
Enzymes are also widely involved in activities outside the body where chemistry and biology meet, from everyday chemical reactions like laundry to industrial applications like new drug development and waste disposal.
Through this book, readers will gain not only knowledge about enzymes, but also an understanding of the field of biochemistry and, furthermore, insight into what it means to study natural science.
From our body's metabolism to the latest biotechnology
A book that helps you understand enzymes, the center of biochemistry.
A book written by Paul Engel, an authority on enzymes, that concisely covers the most basic and essential knowledge about enzymes.
Tiny proteins called enzymes each work to speed up specific chemical reactions within living organisms by millions of times.
Enzymes in our bodies work together to accomplish many of the processes we consider life, from making DNA to digesting food.
Enzymes are also widely involved in activities outside the body where chemistry and biology meet, from everyday chemical reactions like laundry to industrial applications like new drug development and waste disposal.
Through this book, readers will gain not only knowledge about enzymes, but also an understanding of the field of biochemistry and, furthermore, insight into what it means to study natural science.
- You can preview some of the book's contents.
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index
Chapter 1: Without Enzymes, There Is No Life
Starting with the Basics │ Can Chemistry Explain Biology? │ The Decline of Vitalism and the Rise of Biochemistry
Chapter 2: The Catalyst That Makes the Impossible Happen
Thermodynamics and Dynamics │ Activation Energy │ Reversibility and Equilibrium │ Enzyme Dynamics, A to Z
Chapter 3 Chemical Properties of Enzymes
Enzyme isolation │ Enzyme purification and controversy │ What is a protein? │ Amino acid sequence │ Shape of protein molecules │ Protein folding │ Forces acting within protein molecules
Chapter 4: Structures that Cause Catalytic Action
Structural complementarity: The lock-and-key model │ Enzyme-substrate complexes: real or imagined │ Catalytic groups │ Why flexibility matters │ Transition-state analogs │ The order in which actors appear on stage │ Enzymes' little helpers │ Catalytic capacity
Chapter 5: Enzymes at Work
Proteinases that digest food │ When the zymogen switch is turned on │ Another stomach that digests cells │ Enzymes that control cell death │ Enzymes that control blood clotting │ Enzymes that lock up chemical energy for use elsewhere │ Enzymes that translate genetic code │ Isoenzymes
Chapter 6: Evolution of Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes
Proteins and Evolution │ Comparing Species │ Enzyme Families │ Divergence and Convergence │ Where Do New Enzymes Come From? │ How Did Metabolic Pathways Come About? │ Going Back Further
Chapter 7 Enzymes and Diseases
What are enzymes in medicine? │ Enzymes as diagnostic tools │ Diseased enzymes │ Sudden infant death syndrome, Jamaican vomiting disease, and enzymes │ Enzymes as targets for new drug development │ Aspirin │ Warfarin │ Penicillin │ Captopril │ Viral infections such as HIV and coronavirus │ Enzymes as therapeutics │ Enzyme conjugates and ADEPT
Chapter 8 Enzymes as Tools
Beyond the Biology Fence │ Tasks to be Solved for Commercialization │ Enzymes that Help with Laundry │ Enzymes that Make Food │ Enzymes that Grow Skin, Fur, and Leather │ Enzymes that Aid Agriculture and Waste Disposal │ Can Enzymes Become the Stars of the Chemical Industry?
Chapter 9: Enzymes and Genes: New Horizons
Can enzymes be tailored? Site-directed mutagenesis Random mutagenesis and mutant screening Left-facing and right-facing molecules: how do we distinguish between the true target and the target? Amino acid dehydrogenases Enzymes, biological defense mechanisms, and the revolution in genetics
Acknowledgements
List of pictures
Further Reading
Search
Starting with the Basics │ Can Chemistry Explain Biology? │ The Decline of Vitalism and the Rise of Biochemistry
Chapter 2: The Catalyst That Makes the Impossible Happen
Thermodynamics and Dynamics │ Activation Energy │ Reversibility and Equilibrium │ Enzyme Dynamics, A to Z
Chapter 3 Chemical Properties of Enzymes
Enzyme isolation │ Enzyme purification and controversy │ What is a protein? │ Amino acid sequence │ Shape of protein molecules │ Protein folding │ Forces acting within protein molecules
Chapter 4: Structures that Cause Catalytic Action
Structural complementarity: The lock-and-key model │ Enzyme-substrate complexes: real or imagined │ Catalytic groups │ Why flexibility matters │ Transition-state analogs │ The order in which actors appear on stage │ Enzymes' little helpers │ Catalytic capacity
Chapter 5: Enzymes at Work
Proteinases that digest food │ When the zymogen switch is turned on │ Another stomach that digests cells │ Enzymes that control cell death │ Enzymes that control blood clotting │ Enzymes that lock up chemical energy for use elsewhere │ Enzymes that translate genetic code │ Isoenzymes
Chapter 6: Evolution of Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes
Proteins and Evolution │ Comparing Species │ Enzyme Families │ Divergence and Convergence │ Where Do New Enzymes Come From? │ How Did Metabolic Pathways Come About? │ Going Back Further
Chapter 7 Enzymes and Diseases
What are enzymes in medicine? │ Enzymes as diagnostic tools │ Diseased enzymes │ Sudden infant death syndrome, Jamaican vomiting disease, and enzymes │ Enzymes as targets for new drug development │ Aspirin │ Warfarin │ Penicillin │ Captopril │ Viral infections such as HIV and coronavirus │ Enzymes as therapeutics │ Enzyme conjugates and ADEPT
Chapter 8 Enzymes as Tools
Beyond the Biology Fence │ Tasks to be Solved for Commercialization │ Enzymes that Help with Laundry │ Enzymes that Make Food │ Enzymes that Grow Skin, Fur, and Leather │ Enzymes that Aid Agriculture and Waste Disposal │ Can Enzymes Become the Stars of the Chemical Industry?
Chapter 9: Enzymes and Genes: New Horizons
Can enzymes be tailored? Site-directed mutagenesis Random mutagenesis and mutant screening Left-facing and right-facing molecules: how do we distinguish between the true target and the target? Amino acid dehydrogenases Enzymes, biological defense mechanisms, and the revolution in genetics
Acknowledgements
List of pictures
Further Reading
Search
Detailed image
Into the book
Whether it's digestion or laundry, enzymes do the same thing: they break down large chemicals into smaller molecules and wash them away.
However, one difference that people often overlook is that enzymes within the body play a much wider range of roles in a variety of situations, thereby orchestrating the entire organism.
Almost every chemical reaction that occurs within any living organism is aided by specialized enzymes.
At this time, the enzyme selects the appropriate reaction from among all the reactions that can theoretically occur and determines the correct order.
---「Pages 8-9, Chapter 1.
From "No Enzymes, No Life"
Traces of the centuries-long confusion over the boundaries between biology and chemistry are evident today in the various uses of the word "organic."
Nineteenth-century chemists analyzed and identified complex carbon molecules produced by living organisms, then sought to synthesize them in the laboratory.
Because this initially required extracting chemicals from living organisms, this research naturally came to be called 'organic chemistry'.
But soon organic chemistry grew rapidly to cover the entire range of carbon compounds, including complex molecules that did not originate from living organisms.
---「Page 16, Chapter 1.
From "No Enzymes, No Life"
All enzymatic chemical reactions must go through some kind of transition period.
The bonds that need to be broken are not yet cleanly separated, and the new bonds that need to be formed are still in a shaky transitional state.
At this moment, the molecule is neither a substrate nor a reaction product.
Rather, it is something in between the two.
So scientists came up with a hypothesis.
An ideal enzyme would have a structure that binds extremely tightly to the transition state, rather than to the substrate or reaction product.
---Page 80, Chapter 4.
Among the “structures that cause catalytic action”
In the case of animals, it is common for species that look similar but are genealogically very distant to occupy similar ecological niches on different continents.
So, what about enzymes? Can we be certain that the molecular similarities between lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase suggest divergent evolution from a common ancestral enzyme, or that they represent evidence of convergent evolution following a pattern useful in everyday life?
---Page 137, Chapter 6.
From “Evolution of Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes”
Such advancements in medical science and technology clearly reveal that the old-fashioned dichotomy of simply dividing genetic genealogy by the presence or absence of enzyme activity is an oversimplification.
There are hundreds of sites in even a typical enzyme protein where mutations that change the type of amino acid can occur.
Fortunately, many of these amino acid changes are completely harmless.
But amino acid changes that eliminate key catalytic chemicals or prevent the protein from folding correctly into its active form are also quite common.
That's why thousands of people around the world suffer from genetic diseases like phenylephrine, and DNA tests reveal a variety of causative mutations.
---Page 154, Chapter 7.
From “Enzymes and Diseases”
When the PCR technique first came out, the enzyme had to be replaced 20 times every 20 cycles due to the nature of the DNA polymerase being destroyed by heat.
And then, what helped alleviate this burden was extremophiles.
The DNA polymerase from the bacterium Dermus aquaticus, discovered in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, USA, is highly stable even at the high temperatures required for DNA strand separation.
Therefore, this enzyme could run the PCR to the end with just one addition.
Moreover, automatic heating devices capable of processing many samples simultaneously over several cycles were developed, eliminating the need for constant supervision by an operator.
However, one difference that people often overlook is that enzymes within the body play a much wider range of roles in a variety of situations, thereby orchestrating the entire organism.
Almost every chemical reaction that occurs within any living organism is aided by specialized enzymes.
At this time, the enzyme selects the appropriate reaction from among all the reactions that can theoretically occur and determines the correct order.
---「Pages 8-9, Chapter 1.
From "No Enzymes, No Life"
Traces of the centuries-long confusion over the boundaries between biology and chemistry are evident today in the various uses of the word "organic."
Nineteenth-century chemists analyzed and identified complex carbon molecules produced by living organisms, then sought to synthesize them in the laboratory.
Because this initially required extracting chemicals from living organisms, this research naturally came to be called 'organic chemistry'.
But soon organic chemistry grew rapidly to cover the entire range of carbon compounds, including complex molecules that did not originate from living organisms.
---「Page 16, Chapter 1.
From "No Enzymes, No Life"
All enzymatic chemical reactions must go through some kind of transition period.
The bonds that need to be broken are not yet cleanly separated, and the new bonds that need to be formed are still in a shaky transitional state.
At this moment, the molecule is neither a substrate nor a reaction product.
Rather, it is something in between the two.
So scientists came up with a hypothesis.
An ideal enzyme would have a structure that binds extremely tightly to the transition state, rather than to the substrate or reaction product.
---Page 80, Chapter 4.
Among the “structures that cause catalytic action”
In the case of animals, it is common for species that look similar but are genealogically very distant to occupy similar ecological niches on different continents.
So, what about enzymes? Can we be certain that the molecular similarities between lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase suggest divergent evolution from a common ancestral enzyme, or that they represent evidence of convergent evolution following a pattern useful in everyday life?
---Page 137, Chapter 6.
From “Evolution of Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes”
Such advancements in medical science and technology clearly reveal that the old-fashioned dichotomy of simply dividing genetic genealogy by the presence or absence of enzyme activity is an oversimplification.
There are hundreds of sites in even a typical enzyme protein where mutations that change the type of amino acid can occur.
Fortunately, many of these amino acid changes are completely harmless.
But amino acid changes that eliminate key catalytic chemicals or prevent the protein from folding correctly into its active form are also quite common.
That's why thousands of people around the world suffer from genetic diseases like phenylephrine, and DNA tests reveal a variety of causative mutations.
---Page 154, Chapter 7.
From “Enzymes and Diseases”
When the PCR technique first came out, the enzyme had to be replaced 20 times every 20 cycles due to the nature of the DNA polymerase being destroyed by heat.
And then, what helped alleviate this burden was extremophiles.
The DNA polymerase from the bacterium Dermus aquaticus, discovered in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, USA, is highly stable even at the high temperatures required for DNA strand separation.
Therefore, this enzyme could run the PCR to the end with just one addition.
Moreover, automatic heating devices capable of processing many samples simultaneously over several cycles were developed, eliminating the need for constant supervision by an operator.
---「Pages 215-216, Chapter 9.
From “Enzymes and Genes: New Horizons”
From “Enzymes and Genes: New Horizons”
Publisher's Review
“No enzymes, no life!”
From our body's metabolism to the latest biotechnology
A book that helps you understand enzymes, the center of biochemistry.
From chemical structure to physical properties and operating principles
The story of a mysterious enzyme that always helps us
A basic book written by world-renowned biochemist Paul Engel about enzymes that we often eat, apply, and spray in our daily lives.
We've seen them in health supplements, detergents, and other chemical products, and in biology and chemistry textbooks, but what exactly is an enzyme? Enzymes are tiny proteins that accelerate specific chemical reactions by millions of times. They are widely involved in everything from vital processes like metabolism to everyday chemical reactions like laundry and industrial applications like disease diagnosis and waste disposal, where biology and chemistry intersect.
Some of the questions answered in this book include:
· What role do enzymes play in our bodies and cells?
· Why and how do catalysts accelerate chemical reactions?
· How did catalysts with such powerful power and exquisite selectivity evolve?
· How was the complex molecular form of enzymes discovered?
· How are enzymes being used in industry? What are the prospects?
Under the guidance of Professor Paul Engel, an authority on enzymology,
Opening a small but large door into biochemistry
This book is written by Paul Engel, an authority on enzymes, and concisely contains the most basic and essential knowledge about enzymes.
‘Enzyme’ is a basic concept that any student studying biology or chemistry or a science book reader has heard of at least once.
The author of this book is Paul Engelö, who has studied and taught enzymology for a long time, served as head of the Department of Biochemistry at University College Dublin, and is currently Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the same university.
He is also very interested in and passionate about raising public awareness of science, and he even designed a program to educate doctoral students on how to introduce scientific knowledge to the public.
《Enzyme》 is a book that condenses his long-term research activities and educational philosophy.
The author provides a basic understanding of the relatively unfamiliar academic discipline of biochemistry through the core concept of enzymes.
So, this book is also an excellent educational book that allows us to look at the nature of nature from a fresh perspective called biochemistry.
Through this book, readers will gain not only knowledge about enzymes, but also an understanding of the field of biochemistry and, furthermore, insight into what it means to study natural science.
"Can 'ordinary' chemical reactions actually produce the substances and structures that seem uniquely suited to life? What fundamentally determines whether a chemical reaction will occur? How do enzymes influence this process? How do all these characteristics come together to form what we recognize as life?"_Page 10
The Big Questions Raised by the Tiny Molecular Machines That Power Life
What is life? What will the genetic revolution be?
The book begins by asking readers, "What is life?"
Because enzymes are ultimately fundamental to how life works, whether they work inside or outside living organisms.
Chapter 1 defines life processes and provides basic chemical knowledge and a brief history of biochemistry.
Chapter 2 explains what exactly the catalytic action of enzymes is and what thermodynamic and kinetic principles make it possible.
And from Chapter 3, the real enzyme lecture begins.
In Chapter 3, you can understand the structure and chemical properties of enzymes, and in Chapter 4, you can understand how catalysis occurs.
Chapter 5 examines the various roles played by enzymes, and Chapter 6 explores how these enzymes have evolved.
Chapter 7 onwards deals with the applications of enzymes.
Chapter 7 focuses on the medical field and explores enzymes that cause and treat disease.
Chapter 8 examines enzymes used in fields such as the chemical industry, agriculture, and waste treatment, and Chapter 9 elucidates the role and mechanism of action of enzymes at the heart of the genetic revolution.
These chapters also address technological issues already in development, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the CRISPR system, which have become familiar methods for diagnosing COVID-19.
In addition, necessary background knowledge is supplemented with explanations in the form of 'text boxes' inserted here and there, and a total of 59 illustrations and 3 tables are inserted to facilitate easy understanding.
“Biochemistry has made remarkable progress over the past several hundred years in understanding virtually all life phenomena through its open approach that embraces physics, chemistry, and biology.
At the heart of this development is the core principle that each biological reaction involves unique enzymes that work precisely to achieve its intended purpose.
Frederick Gowland Hopkins, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, expressed his excitement as early as 1932, saying, "The expanded study of enzymes and their actions is of no less significance for chemistry than it is for biology."
Biochemistry, which has made leaps and bounds, is now enjoying its heyday. "_Page 21
From our body's metabolism to the latest biotechnology
A book that helps you understand enzymes, the center of biochemistry.
From chemical structure to physical properties and operating principles
The story of a mysterious enzyme that always helps us
A basic book written by world-renowned biochemist Paul Engel about enzymes that we often eat, apply, and spray in our daily lives.
We've seen them in health supplements, detergents, and other chemical products, and in biology and chemistry textbooks, but what exactly is an enzyme? Enzymes are tiny proteins that accelerate specific chemical reactions by millions of times. They are widely involved in everything from vital processes like metabolism to everyday chemical reactions like laundry and industrial applications like disease diagnosis and waste disposal, where biology and chemistry intersect.
Some of the questions answered in this book include:
· What role do enzymes play in our bodies and cells?
· Why and how do catalysts accelerate chemical reactions?
· How did catalysts with such powerful power and exquisite selectivity evolve?
· How was the complex molecular form of enzymes discovered?
· How are enzymes being used in industry? What are the prospects?
Under the guidance of Professor Paul Engel, an authority on enzymology,
Opening a small but large door into biochemistry
This book is written by Paul Engel, an authority on enzymes, and concisely contains the most basic and essential knowledge about enzymes.
‘Enzyme’ is a basic concept that any student studying biology or chemistry or a science book reader has heard of at least once.
The author of this book is Paul Engelö, who has studied and taught enzymology for a long time, served as head of the Department of Biochemistry at University College Dublin, and is currently Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the same university.
He is also very interested in and passionate about raising public awareness of science, and he even designed a program to educate doctoral students on how to introduce scientific knowledge to the public.
《Enzyme》 is a book that condenses his long-term research activities and educational philosophy.
The author provides a basic understanding of the relatively unfamiliar academic discipline of biochemistry through the core concept of enzymes.
So, this book is also an excellent educational book that allows us to look at the nature of nature from a fresh perspective called biochemistry.
Through this book, readers will gain not only knowledge about enzymes, but also an understanding of the field of biochemistry and, furthermore, insight into what it means to study natural science.
"Can 'ordinary' chemical reactions actually produce the substances and structures that seem uniquely suited to life? What fundamentally determines whether a chemical reaction will occur? How do enzymes influence this process? How do all these characteristics come together to form what we recognize as life?"_Page 10
The Big Questions Raised by the Tiny Molecular Machines That Power Life
What is life? What will the genetic revolution be?
The book begins by asking readers, "What is life?"
Because enzymes are ultimately fundamental to how life works, whether they work inside or outside living organisms.
Chapter 1 defines life processes and provides basic chemical knowledge and a brief history of biochemistry.
Chapter 2 explains what exactly the catalytic action of enzymes is and what thermodynamic and kinetic principles make it possible.
And from Chapter 3, the real enzyme lecture begins.
In Chapter 3, you can understand the structure and chemical properties of enzymes, and in Chapter 4, you can understand how catalysis occurs.
Chapter 5 examines the various roles played by enzymes, and Chapter 6 explores how these enzymes have evolved.
Chapter 7 onwards deals with the applications of enzymes.
Chapter 7 focuses on the medical field and explores enzymes that cause and treat disease.
Chapter 8 examines enzymes used in fields such as the chemical industry, agriculture, and waste treatment, and Chapter 9 elucidates the role and mechanism of action of enzymes at the heart of the genetic revolution.
These chapters also address technological issues already in development, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the CRISPR system, which have become familiar methods for diagnosing COVID-19.
In addition, necessary background knowledge is supplemented with explanations in the form of 'text boxes' inserted here and there, and a total of 59 illustrations and 3 tables are inserted to facilitate easy understanding.
“Biochemistry has made remarkable progress over the past several hundred years in understanding virtually all life phenomena through its open approach that embraces physics, chemistry, and biology.
At the heart of this development is the core principle that each biological reaction involves unique enzymes that work precisely to achieve its intended purpose.
Frederick Gowland Hopkins, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, expressed his excitement as early as 1932, saying, "The expanded study of enzymes and their actions is of no less significance for chemistry than it is for biology."
Biochemistry, which has made leaps and bounds, is now enjoying its heyday. "_Page 21
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: May 8, 2023
- Page count, weight, size: 236 pages | 376g | 145*205*15mm
- ISBN13: 9788934963226
- ISBN10: 8934963220
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