Reincarnation and Liberation
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Description
Book Introduction
'Is there reincarnation or not?'
'Is reincarnation Buddhism or not Buddhism?'
All questions about reincarnation are clearly answered.
A clear explanation by Professor Lee Jung-pyo, a leading scholar in Korean Buddhism!
Reincarnation, which states that one's fate in the next life is determined by one's karma in this life, is a hot topic among those who study Buddhism.
To say that there is no reincarnation is to say that reincarnation is not possible, as reincarnation is mentioned in Buddhist doctrines through karma, the theory of the three realms of existence, and the theory of the two kinds of causes and effects. To say that there is reincarnation is to say that there is reincarnation is to say that there is no self, as this conflicts with the core doctrine of anatta.
This book does not address the question of whether reincarnation exists or not.
The answer to the question of whether or not there is reincarnation is a matter of 'faith' and cannot be concluded as a matter of 'fact'.
Instead, the discussion centers around the question, 'Does Buddhism recognize reincarnation or not?'
To this end, we examined the Indian ideological background that gave rise to the theory of reincarnation, how it was accepted in Buddhism, and, based on the scriptures, examined the Buddha's view and teachings on reincarnation, as well as the correct method for achieving liberation.
'Is reincarnation Buddhism or not Buddhism?'
All questions about reincarnation are clearly answered.
A clear explanation by Professor Lee Jung-pyo, a leading scholar in Korean Buddhism!
Reincarnation, which states that one's fate in the next life is determined by one's karma in this life, is a hot topic among those who study Buddhism.
To say that there is no reincarnation is to say that reincarnation is not possible, as reincarnation is mentioned in Buddhist doctrines through karma, the theory of the three realms of existence, and the theory of the two kinds of causes and effects. To say that there is reincarnation is to say that there is reincarnation is to say that there is no self, as this conflicts with the core doctrine of anatta.
This book does not address the question of whether reincarnation exists or not.
The answer to the question of whether or not there is reincarnation is a matter of 'faith' and cannot be concluded as a matter of 'fact'.
Instead, the discussion centers around the question, 'Does Buddhism recognize reincarnation or not?'
To this end, we examined the Indian ideological background that gave rise to the theory of reincarnation, how it was accepted in Buddhism, and, based on the scriptures, examined the Buddha's view and teachings on reincarnation, as well as the correct method for achieving liberation.
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index
ㆍForeword
1.
Indian concept of reincarnation
2.
Abhidharma Buddhism's theory of reincarnation
3.
Buddha did not teach reincarnation.
4.
If there is no reincarnation, then death is the end.
5.
Anatta and emptiness are not emptiness
6.
What is life and death?
7.
What is Nirvana
8.
Buddha taught peace
9.
Everything is played out in life
10.
There is a world inside Han Gil's body
11.
Everything has 12 entrances
12.
The meaning of the 12 entrances
13.
There is karma, but no author.
14.
The twelve links of dependent origination and the four noble truths
15.
Food of Rebirth
16.
Like eating the flesh of a son
17.
Five Foods of the Worldly Life
18.
9th Reform and 8th Liberation
1.
Indian concept of reincarnation
2.
Abhidharma Buddhism's theory of reincarnation
3.
Buddha did not teach reincarnation.
4.
If there is no reincarnation, then death is the end.
5.
Anatta and emptiness are not emptiness
6.
What is life and death?
7.
What is Nirvana
8.
Buddha taught peace
9.
Everything is played out in life
10.
There is a world inside Han Gil's body
11.
Everything has 12 entrances
12.
The meaning of the 12 entrances
13.
There is karma, but no author.
14.
The twelve links of dependent origination and the four noble truths
15.
Food of Rebirth
16.
Like eating the flesh of a son
17.
Five Foods of the Worldly Life
18.
9th Reform and 8th Liberation
Into the book
Although the Buddha uses the word 'sa?s?ra', which is translated as 'reincarnation', he does not speak of a specific theory of reincarnation.
Buddha also talks about liberation, but the liberation he taught is not liberation from reincarnation, but liberation from greed, anger, and foolishness.
Also, although Buddha emphasized karma, the karma that Buddha taught did not mean reincarnation, but rather anatta (anatta) and emptiness.
--- p.15
Is there reincarnation or not? Is there a soul separate from the physical body? These questions are delusions that arise from clinging to the five aggregates as their existence.
The Buddha called this delusion reincarnation and taught us to escape from it.
--- p.20
The claim that there is reincarnation and the claim that there is no reincarnation may seem like contradictory views, but they are the same in that they both deny the practice of Brahmanism, that is, the practice of escaping from life and death.
The purpose of the crime is to escape from life and death and achieve liberation.
However, if the soul and the body are the same, then there is no reincarnation, and since the soul disappears along with the death of the body, liberation from life and death is fundamentally impossible.
Therefore, there is no need to perform it.
On the other hand, if the soul does not die even when the body dies, then practicing to escape death is meaningless because the soul does not die.
--- p.23
In Buddhism, liberation from life and death does not mean liberation from reincarnation, but liberation from the false view that ‘there is a reincarnated self.’
All suffering, including birth and death, arises from the false view that ‘there is a self that reincarnates.’ Therefore, if we abandon this false view, the suffering of birth and death will disappear.
This is the liberation from life and death that Buddhism talks about.
--- p.46
When we follow the Buddha's teachings and examine the five aggregates that we consider our "self," we realize that they are impermanent, suffering, and cannot be a timeless self, and that our sense of self is a vain illusion formed around sensual desires.
The Buddha realized this and spoke of anatta, telling us to abandon the empty self-consciousness that is the root of suffering, because the self-consciousness formed around sensual desires dominates our lives and causes all kinds of suffering.
(Omitted) The non-self that the Buddha taught is not a teaching to abandon life, but a teaching to abandon the vain thoughts, or delusions, that we believe exist in life.
--- p.71~72
The Buddha rejected the view that the existence of this life continues into the existence of the next life as a constant view, and he rejected the view that the existence of this life disappears upon death as a partial view.
And in the middle, he established the 12 links of dependent origination.
Therefore, the interpretation that the being to be born in the next life is created in this life and is born in the next life after death is a contradiction and therefore goes against the Buddha's teachings.
The theory that was created to overcome this dilemma is the Four Theories.
(Omitted) These four theories were not spoken by the Buddha, but are theories created by Abhidharma Buddhism.
The existence that Buddha spoke of is the delusion of living beings who do not know the true nature of existence and who think of the 'self' as existing for a certain period of time.
In other words, it was performed in ignorance.
The twelve links of dependent origination show the process by which these delusions arise in living beings, not the story of their reincarnation over three lifetimes.
Buddha also talks about liberation, but the liberation he taught is not liberation from reincarnation, but liberation from greed, anger, and foolishness.
Also, although Buddha emphasized karma, the karma that Buddha taught did not mean reincarnation, but rather anatta (anatta) and emptiness.
--- p.15
Is there reincarnation or not? Is there a soul separate from the physical body? These questions are delusions that arise from clinging to the five aggregates as their existence.
The Buddha called this delusion reincarnation and taught us to escape from it.
--- p.20
The claim that there is reincarnation and the claim that there is no reincarnation may seem like contradictory views, but they are the same in that they both deny the practice of Brahmanism, that is, the practice of escaping from life and death.
The purpose of the crime is to escape from life and death and achieve liberation.
However, if the soul and the body are the same, then there is no reincarnation, and since the soul disappears along with the death of the body, liberation from life and death is fundamentally impossible.
Therefore, there is no need to perform it.
On the other hand, if the soul does not die even when the body dies, then practicing to escape death is meaningless because the soul does not die.
--- p.23
In Buddhism, liberation from life and death does not mean liberation from reincarnation, but liberation from the false view that ‘there is a reincarnated self.’
All suffering, including birth and death, arises from the false view that ‘there is a self that reincarnates.’ Therefore, if we abandon this false view, the suffering of birth and death will disappear.
This is the liberation from life and death that Buddhism talks about.
--- p.46
When we follow the Buddha's teachings and examine the five aggregates that we consider our "self," we realize that they are impermanent, suffering, and cannot be a timeless self, and that our sense of self is a vain illusion formed around sensual desires.
The Buddha realized this and spoke of anatta, telling us to abandon the empty self-consciousness that is the root of suffering, because the self-consciousness formed around sensual desires dominates our lives and causes all kinds of suffering.
(Omitted) The non-self that the Buddha taught is not a teaching to abandon life, but a teaching to abandon the vain thoughts, or delusions, that we believe exist in life.
--- p.71~72
The Buddha rejected the view that the existence of this life continues into the existence of the next life as a constant view, and he rejected the view that the existence of this life disappears upon death as a partial view.
And in the middle, he established the 12 links of dependent origination.
Therefore, the interpretation that the being to be born in the next life is created in this life and is born in the next life after death is a contradiction and therefore goes against the Buddha's teachings.
The theory that was created to overcome this dilemma is the Four Theories.
(Omitted) These four theories were not spoken by the Buddha, but are theories created by Abhidharma Buddhism.
The existence that Buddha spoke of is the delusion of living beings who do not know the true nature of existence and who think of the 'self' as existing for a certain period of time.
In other words, it was performed in ignorance.
The twelve links of dependent origination show the process by which these delusions arise in living beings, not the story of their reincarnation over three lifetimes.
--- p.81~82
Publisher's Review
'Is reincarnation Buddhism or not Buddhism?'
A Hot Topic in Buddhist Debate: Reincarnation
What happens to us after we die? This is the question every human being has.
So most religions talk about what the afterlife is like and what happens to the human soul after death.
Buddhism is no exception.
The worldview of Buddhism, such as the world of desire, the world of form, and the formless world, and the sermons that mention things from past lives, also included Buddha's teachings on reincarnation.
Accordingly, the majority of Buddhists know and 'believe' that the karma they have created in their previous lives determines whether they will be reborn in a better or more difficult situation in their next life.
However, some people dispute this belief.
This is because one of the core teachings of Buddha, ‘anatta (no-self)’ and the theory of reincarnation, take diametrically opposed positions.
Anatta means that there is no fixed, unchanging entity, so the question and objection that what is the subject of reincarnation inevitably arises.
Moreover, the fact that Buddha refused to answer or remained silent on questions about the afterlife and the origin of existence also provides grounds for saying that reincarnation is not Buddhism.
Accordingly, he says that the belief we have today, that is, reincarnation, is the concept of 'Atman (unchanging self)' of Brahmanism, which was central in India at the time of Buddha, being mistaken for Buddhism.
This debate has clear positions and grounds for each side.
So, the debate over whether reincarnation is Buddhism or not has not reached a clear conclusion or consensus, and whenever a related issue arises, a heated debate occurs.
The reason this book was written was also due to the recent 'reincarnation debate' within the Buddhist community.
Following a monk's statement in 2023 that "there is no reincarnation," the Buddhist community once again debated the question, "Is there reincarnation or not?"
And in the meantime, Professor Jung Gak Lee Jung-pyo, a leading scholar and practitioner in Korean Buddhism, was mentioned by those who claimed that 'there is no reincarnation'.
This book is Professor Lee Jung-pyo's answer to that question.
In this book, Professor Jung-Gak Lee Jung-Pyo examines reincarnation and the correct path to liberation based on the scriptures.
In the flow of Buddhist history from early Buddhism to Abhidharma Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, the study and interpretation of the Buddha's teachings were bound to change with the times, but the fundamental scriptures that recorded the Buddha's direct teachings are the most reliable evidence.
Through this, we examined the intention and meaning of the Buddha's talk about reincarnation and presented a clear answer to help us correctly understand 'reincarnation'.
'Buddha spoke of reincarnation,
'I did not teach that there is reincarnation'
Guide to a correct understanding of reincarnation and liberation
This book first examines how the theory of reincarnation arose based on the ideological background of India at the time when Buddhism was born, and why the theory of reincarnation was introduced into Buddhism.
Then, based on the contents of the Nikaya and its Chinese translation, the Agamas, he explained how the Buddha taught about ‘reincarnation.’
Clearly, there are several scenes in the scriptures where the Buddha uses the word ‘reincarnation’ to preach the Dharma.
However, there is no scene that specifically talks about reincarnation.
The Buddha believed that questions like "Is there reincarnation or not?" and "Is there a soul other than the body or not?" were delusions that arose because we clung to the five aggregates as existence, and he called this delusion "samsara."
That is, the Buddha used the language of 'samsara' but did not agree with it.
Rather, he taught us to escape from the delusion of 'reincarnation' through a righteous life, and to break away from this claim and gain insight into the law of dependent origination through the Middle Way.
However, this book does not simply list theoretical explanations of ‘reincarnation as spoken of by Buddha.’
Because correcting our thinking about reincarnation requires a change in our perception of what kind of ‘liberation’ we should pursue.
If the reincarnation that Buddha spoke of is not what we understand it to be, then ‘liberation’ is not the escape from reincarnation that we commonly understand, that is, not being reborn.
Rather, it can be said that the liberation that Buddha pursued was freedom from greed, anger, and foolishness.
Therefore, in this book, we present and examine the 'Ninefold Path', a traditional Buddhist practice method that can help us realize 'dependent origination', which can be said to be the core teaching of Buddhism and the right path to liberation.
Through this, we will be able to break down our prejudices and guide ourselves to a correct understanding, while also knowing the path to moving in the direction of correct practice.
A Hot Topic in Buddhist Debate: Reincarnation
What happens to us after we die? This is the question every human being has.
So most religions talk about what the afterlife is like and what happens to the human soul after death.
Buddhism is no exception.
The worldview of Buddhism, such as the world of desire, the world of form, and the formless world, and the sermons that mention things from past lives, also included Buddha's teachings on reincarnation.
Accordingly, the majority of Buddhists know and 'believe' that the karma they have created in their previous lives determines whether they will be reborn in a better or more difficult situation in their next life.
However, some people dispute this belief.
This is because one of the core teachings of Buddha, ‘anatta (no-self)’ and the theory of reincarnation, take diametrically opposed positions.
Anatta means that there is no fixed, unchanging entity, so the question and objection that what is the subject of reincarnation inevitably arises.
Moreover, the fact that Buddha refused to answer or remained silent on questions about the afterlife and the origin of existence also provides grounds for saying that reincarnation is not Buddhism.
Accordingly, he says that the belief we have today, that is, reincarnation, is the concept of 'Atman (unchanging self)' of Brahmanism, which was central in India at the time of Buddha, being mistaken for Buddhism.
This debate has clear positions and grounds for each side.
So, the debate over whether reincarnation is Buddhism or not has not reached a clear conclusion or consensus, and whenever a related issue arises, a heated debate occurs.
The reason this book was written was also due to the recent 'reincarnation debate' within the Buddhist community.
Following a monk's statement in 2023 that "there is no reincarnation," the Buddhist community once again debated the question, "Is there reincarnation or not?"
And in the meantime, Professor Jung Gak Lee Jung-pyo, a leading scholar and practitioner in Korean Buddhism, was mentioned by those who claimed that 'there is no reincarnation'.
This book is Professor Lee Jung-pyo's answer to that question.
In this book, Professor Jung-Gak Lee Jung-Pyo examines reincarnation and the correct path to liberation based on the scriptures.
In the flow of Buddhist history from early Buddhism to Abhidharma Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, the study and interpretation of the Buddha's teachings were bound to change with the times, but the fundamental scriptures that recorded the Buddha's direct teachings are the most reliable evidence.
Through this, we examined the intention and meaning of the Buddha's talk about reincarnation and presented a clear answer to help us correctly understand 'reincarnation'.
'Buddha spoke of reincarnation,
'I did not teach that there is reincarnation'
Guide to a correct understanding of reincarnation and liberation
This book first examines how the theory of reincarnation arose based on the ideological background of India at the time when Buddhism was born, and why the theory of reincarnation was introduced into Buddhism.
Then, based on the contents of the Nikaya and its Chinese translation, the Agamas, he explained how the Buddha taught about ‘reincarnation.’
Clearly, there are several scenes in the scriptures where the Buddha uses the word ‘reincarnation’ to preach the Dharma.
However, there is no scene that specifically talks about reincarnation.
The Buddha believed that questions like "Is there reincarnation or not?" and "Is there a soul other than the body or not?" were delusions that arose because we clung to the five aggregates as existence, and he called this delusion "samsara."
That is, the Buddha used the language of 'samsara' but did not agree with it.
Rather, he taught us to escape from the delusion of 'reincarnation' through a righteous life, and to break away from this claim and gain insight into the law of dependent origination through the Middle Way.
However, this book does not simply list theoretical explanations of ‘reincarnation as spoken of by Buddha.’
Because correcting our thinking about reincarnation requires a change in our perception of what kind of ‘liberation’ we should pursue.
If the reincarnation that Buddha spoke of is not what we understand it to be, then ‘liberation’ is not the escape from reincarnation that we commonly understand, that is, not being reborn.
Rather, it can be said that the liberation that Buddha pursued was freedom from greed, anger, and foolishness.
Therefore, in this book, we present and examine the 'Ninefold Path', a traditional Buddhist practice method that can help us realize 'dependent origination', which can be said to be the core teaching of Buddhism and the right path to liberation.
Through this, we will be able to break down our prejudices and guide ourselves to a correct understanding, while also knowing the path to moving in the direction of correct practice.
GOODS SPECIFICS
- Date of issue: March 31, 2025
- Page count, weight, size: 224 pages | 130*200*15mm
- ISBN13: 9791172611521
- ISBN10: 1172611521
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