Public Cloud, which has the advantage of rapid construction and standard operation.
PCE with fine tuning and customization.
The most reasonable SAP Cloud solution for our organization,
This book presents!

Public or Private: Which Cloud is Right for Your Business?
Cloud transformation isn't about technology; it's about redesigning your business!

A suggestion for companies that are lost in the face of SAP cloud transformation
Standards for fail-safe selection and execution

For decades, SAP ERP has served as the core operating system for global enterprises, setting the standard for corporate operations. Evolving from the era of SAP R/3 and ECC to the in-memory database HANA and today's S/4HANA cloud, SAP has gone beyond technological innovation to transform business paradigms.
Cloud migration is no longer simply a change in IT infrastructure; it is a strategic turning point that redefines a company's business model and sustainability.

Public Cloud Edition (S/4HANA Cloud): S/4HANA is a multi-tenant SaaS model operated by SAP.
Although instances or tenants are separate for each customer, they basically use the same codeline, and SAP applies new feature updates to all customers on a quarterly basis.
The public cloud version has a somewhat limited functional scope compared to the on-premises version (especially industry-specific functions), and expansion is also limited to in-app.
However, because it's available on a subscription basis and SAP manages infrastructure and backups, customers can use ERP with a small initial investment and simple operation. SAP recommends the public cloud to mid-sized companies and those with a high adoption rate of standardized processes.
As part of its future strategy, SAP plans to prioritize the deployment of the latest innovations in the public cloud and rapidly deliver AI scenarios and business network integration.
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Meanwhile, the EU Carbon Border Adjustment (CBAM) has emerged as a prime example of trade regulations aimed at combating climate change. CBAM is a mechanism that imposes a carbon cost equivalent to the EU's domestic carbon cost on certain carbon-intensive products produced outside the EU and exported to the EU.
The CBAM regulation, which came into effect in October 2023, aligns with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and puts a price on greenhouse gas emissions produced during the production of imported goods from carbon-intensive sectors such as cement, steel, aluminum, fertilizer, power, and hydrogen.
This is intended to prevent so-called carbon leakage – the phenomenon of shifting production to areas without strict carbon regulations, thereby reducing the overall global emissions reduction effect – and to create a “level playing field” between EU and non-EU companies. CBAM will be a transitional period from 2023 to 2025, during which importers will only submit quarterly reports on the carbon emissions of imported goods (at no actual cost). From 2026, they will have to purchase and submit CBAM certificates corresponding to the reported emissions, thereby bearing the actual cost.
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Security vulnerabilities are likely to arise during hybrid integration or external linkages.
For example, if you test an API in a development environment without authentication and forget to apply it to production, there is a high risk of exposure.
Additionally, multiple system accounts (ID/PW) may be leaked if stored in plain text within iFlow.
To prevent this, create a security inspection checklist and ensure that authentication/authorization is applied, confidential information is encrypted/masked, and unnecessary endpoints are blocked before deployment.
If an interface with weak security is already in operation, first set up firewall rules or IP restrictions at the gateway level and quickly improve the interface.
For example, add token authentication to exposed APIs and move credentials to a Secure Store and encrypt them.

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