The hot topic of reverse bestseller
Top 10 Humanities Bookstores Nationwide
New York Times, Amazon bestseller

10 years ago, it was out of print, but it was republished and introduced as a book that changed Ja-cheong's life!
The book that spawned the bestselling reverse-drive story, "Cluj"

The much-anticipated bestseller "Kluge" has been republished in a new, re-released edition.
"Kluge" is the masterpiece of cognitive scientist Gary Marcus, who studies the origins of the human mind across neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and linguistics.
An interesting concept posited by Gary Marcus is that the human brain is a clumsily cobbled-together, junk computer called a "kluge."
Because of the inertia of evolution, which has led to continued 'tinkering' as we have evolved, our brains are imperfect, and because of this, humans easily fall into traps of thought and constantly make mental mistakes.


The reason why this book, published in 2008, has remained a bestseller in the humanities since its comeback in 2019 is because Gary Marcus's arguments remain fresh, interesting, and applicable to real life.
The author of the best-selling book, "The Retrograde," Jacheong says he thinks of "Kluge" every time he has to make a decision, big or small.
Even when my mouth watered in front of high-calorie food, I held back, thinking it was just a "play of genes," and when I saw other people's mistakes, I thought, "That's Cluj," which improved my decision-making ability.
If you find yourself trapped in a trap of thought, repeating the same mistakes over and over again, consider whether you too possess "Kluge." "Kluge" will provide valuable clues for living well as a "thinking person" and opportunities to make the most of your imperfect mind.

People say I have great execution skills.
But actually, I'm really lazy.
I'm also very scared.
Actually, I was going to write this recommendation, but I kept procrastinating and got a phone call urging me to do it. I also made all sorts of excuses for YouTube, and ended up starting it three months later than I had planned.
But the secret to making the decision and putting it into action was Klugeian thinking.
“The reason I’m afraid to start something now is because of the clutter.
Being reluctant to try new things is because you're innately born with useless genes! I know this feeling is a cliché.
I'm going to start without fear anymore!" When making many decisions every day, I repeated the habit of asking myself, "Is this a clunker?" My decision-making ability improved, and my life changed beyond recognition.

--- p.13

Today's eyewitness testimony is based on the absurd assumption that humans can accurately recall the specific details of an event or crime they witnessed years later.
But in reality, it is not easy for ordinary people to remember a list of 12 consecutive words for 30 minutes.
I'm not trying to argue that the 'design' of the human mind is a total mess.
But, as politicians often say, “there are errors.” The goal of this book is to explain what the errors are and where they come from.
--- p.18

Cluj can give us clues on how to improve ourselves.
Whether we are 80 percent perfect or 20 percent perfect (which is a really meaningless number because it depends on how we count), there is room for improvement in our humanity.
And Cluj can show us this path.
Only when we honestly look at the present form from which we have evolved can we make the most of our imperfect but noble hearts.
--- p.42

Unfortunately, we do not know the exact location of the memory.
Because of this, we can't simply refresh a specific memory, nor can we easily 'delete' information about where we put our keys a long time ago.
If you leave your keys in an unusual place, your recent memory (where you most recently placed them) and your frequent memory (where you usually put your keys) may conflict, causing you to forget where your keys are.
The same problem occurs when you can't remember where you parked your car or where you put your wallet or cell phone.
This is a natural part of our daily life.

--- p.64

Mental pollution is so powerful that it's not uncommon for completely irrelevant information to influence us.
In one pioneering experiment, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman had subjects spin a disk with the numbers 1 to 100 on it and ask questions unrelated to the outcome of the spin.
“What percentage of African countries are members of the United Nations?” This was a fairly fair question, as most participants were unsure of the answer and had to guess.
However, their estimates were greatly influenced by the number of plates.
When the number on the disk was 10, the average answer to the question related to the UN was 25 percent.
But when the disc pointed to 65, the average answer was 45 percent.
--- p.88

Our memories are organized to focus primarily on our own experiences.
But little is done to counteract this imbalance.
Because of this, we end up believing that we have done more overall, and we even get angry in our self-righteous confidence.
Studies have shown that in almost all collaborative tasks, whether sharing a household chore or co-authoring an academic paper, the sum of each individual's subjectively perceived contributions exceeds the total amount of work actually performed.
We remember what we do well, but we don't remember what other people do well.
Because of this, everyone (even the lazy, sly ones who are just trying to be clever) feels like someone else is taking an unfair advantage.
We would all be much more generous if we realized that our data sample (our memories) is limited.
--- p.87

A guide like this won't give us a memory strong enough to calculate square roots in our heads.
But many of our minor cognitive flaws can be seriously examined.
We can train ourselves to consider evidence in a more balanced way, to be more sensitive to our own reasoning biases, and to plan and choose in ways that better serve our long-term goals.
If we do that, if we understand our limitations and confront them head on, we can overcome our inner kludge.

--- p.292