Chapter 1: Basic Theories of Public Administration

01 Administration as a Public Good 13
02 Administrative Functions & Administrative Processes 15
03 Administration and Politics 16
04 Administration and Management 18
05 Administration and Society - NGO 20
06 Social Capital 21
07 Characteristics of the Administrative State and Modern Administration 23
08 Characteristics of the New Administrative State and Government Views 24
09 Administration in Post-Industrial Society (Postmodernity) 26
10 Market Failure 27
11 Government Regulations 29
12 Government Failure 32
13 Privatization of the Public Sector 36
14 Changes in Administrative Ideology and Relationships 38
15 The Essential Value of Administration 39
16 The Instrumental Value of Administration 41
17 The Academic Nature of Public Administration 44
18 The Establishment and Development of Public Administration 45
19 Scientific Management Theory 58
20 Human Relations 48
21 Behavioral Theory 49
22 Systems Theory & Comparative Public Administration 51
23 New Administrative Theory 52
24 Phenomenology 54
25 Public Choice Theory 55
26 New Institutional Theory 58
27 New Public Management Theory 61
28 Governance Theory 63
29 New Public Service Theory 65
30 Post-Cultural Public Management Theory 67
31 Public Value Management Theory and Nudge Theory 68
32 Comprehensive Administrative Theory 72

Chapter 2 Policy Theory

01 The Characteristics and Essence of Policy Science 79
02 The Nature and Types of Policy 80
03 Setting the Policy Agenda 84
04 Theoretical Model on Policy Agenda Setting 87
05 Policy Network Model 90
06 Policy Goal 92
07 Types of Policy Analysis 93
08 System Analysis 94
09 Management Science 97
10 Intuitive (Judgmental) Predictions 98
11 Uncertainty and Future Forecasting 100
12 The Nature of Policy Decisions 102
13 Policy Decision Theory Model (I): Individual-Level Decision-Making Model 103
14 Policy Decision Theory Model (II): Group-Level Decision-Making Model 105
15 Research on Policy Implementation 111
16 Policy Implementation Theory 112
17 Factors Influencing Policy Implementation 117
18 Development and Types of Planning 118
19 Types and Methods of Policy Evaluation 119
20 Government Performance Evaluation 121
21 Elements of Policy Evaluation: Causality, Variables, and Validity 123
22 Policy Evaluation Methods: Experiment 128
23 Policy Changes and Reflux 131

Chapter 3 Organizational Theory

01 Types of Organizations 135
02 Evolution and Types of Organizational Theory 139
03 Human Relations and Motivation Theory 141
04 Organizational Culture 147
05 Communication 148
06 Conflict 149
07 Power 152
08 Leadership 153
09 Structural Variables of the Organization 158
10 Principles of Organization 162
11 Bureaucracy 164
12 Post-bureaucratic system - adhocracy 167
13 Lines and Staff & Formal and Informal Organizations 172
14 Committee (Consensual Administrative Body) 173
15 Our country's government organization system 174
16 Responsible Management Organization 176
17 Public Institutions 179
18 Macro-Organizational Theory 181
19 Chaos Theory 185
20 Administrative PR & Information Disclosure 186
21 Management by Objectives (MBO) 187
22 Organization Development (OD) 189
23 Total Quality Management (TQM) & Strategic Management 191
24 Performance Indicators 194
25 Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 195

Chapter 4: Personnel Administration

01 Leaf Crown 201
02 Performance-based 202
03 Career Civil Service System 204
04 Representative Bureaucracy 206
05 Central Personnel Administration Agency 208
06 Active Personnel Administration and Human Resource Management 210
07 Career and Special Career Positions 211
08 Open and Closed Greetings 213
09 Class System 215
10 Position Classification System 216
11 Senior Civil Service System 220
12 Appointments 222
13 Test 223
14 Training 225
15. Performance Evaluation 226
16 Batch Conversion 230
17 Competency-Based Personnel Management 231
18 Civil servants' salaries 233
19 Civil servant pension 236
20 Identity Guarantee 238
21 Civil Service Organizations - Civil Service Union 242
22 Political Neutrality 245
23 Public Service Ethics 246
23 Public Corruption 251

Chapter 5 Financial Administration Theory

01 Budget and Finance 257
02 Budget-Related Laws 258
03 Functions of the Budget 261
04 Planning and Budget 262
05 Budget Principles 263
06 Classification of Budget 266
07 General Accounting and Special Accounting 268
08 Government Fund 270
09 Integrated Finance 272
10 Tax Expenditure Budget 274
11 Gender Equality Budget (Gender Budget) 276
12 Original Budget, Revised Budget, and Supplementary Budget 277
13 Supplementary Budget, Provisional Budget, and Provisional Budget 279
14 Budgetary Rationalism and Incrementalism 281
15 Item-by-item budget (LIBS) 283
16 Performance-Based Budgeting (PBS) 284
17 Planning Budget (PPBS) 286
18 Target Management Budget 288
19 Zero Base Budget (ZBB) 289
20 Capital Budgeting (CBS) 291
21. The National Performance Budget (NPB) 293
22 Budget 300
23 Budget Review 302
24 Budget Execution 303
25 Settlement and World Surplus 309
26 Government Accounting 310
27 Comprehensive Budget 315

Chapter 6: Administrative Reflux Theory

01 Administrative Responsibility 319
02 Administrative Control 321
03 Ombudsman System 325
04 Administrative Participation 327
05 The Essence of Administrative Reform 329
06 Administrative Reform and Lessons from the Presidency 331
07 Knowledge Information Society and Administration 332
08 E-Government 334
09 Knowledge Administration Management 342

Chapter 7 Local Autonomy Theory

01 The Essence and Value of Local Autonomy 347
02 Autonomy 350
03 The Evolution and History of Local Autonomy 352
04 Local Autonomy in Korea 353
05 Intergovernmental Relations 358
06 Central Control 361
07 Special Local Government Agencies (Frontline Agencies) 364
08 Intergovernmental Conflicts and Disputes 367
09 Metropolitan Administration 369
10 Types of Local Governments 371
11 Hierarchical Structure of Local Governments 373
12 Organizational Structure of Local Governments 374
13 Distribution of local government functions 379
14 Local Government Affairs 382
15 The Nature and System of Local Finance 386
16. Evaluation of local financial capacity 387
17 Local taxes 388
18 years of non-taxable income 390
19 Local Public Enterprises 391
20 National Treasury Subsidies 393
21 Local government grants 394
22 municipal bonds 396
22 Resident Participation 397
24 Residents' Lawsuit 399
25 referendums 400
26 Resident Recall 402
27 Comprehensive Citizen Participation 404

Appendix Comparison and Summary of Amendments to the Local Autonomy Act 409

First, based on the Ministry of Personnel Management's standards, we organized the frequently asked questions by unit that were tested at least three times over the past five years, and composed a total of approximately 600 questions.

Second, the importance and difficulty of each question are categorized into high, medium, and low, and the number of times the question was asked (including modified questions) is indicated, allowing test takers to control the intensity of their concentration.

Third, we analyzed and presented the intent and trend of the questions through the question points for each question, and presented access routes and points to help you easily find the answer.

Fourth, the process of solving past exam questions is important.
For each problem, the author's thoughts and tips from successful applicants on how they solved the problem are provided to help you solve the problem.

Fifth, we have tried to provide detailed explanations for each question and to include as many explanations as possible to avoid incorrect answers, as space allows. In addition, we have highlighted particularly important keywords in the explanations to allow you to quickly check incorrect answers.

Sixth, we presented theories related to the problem in the form of a summary or table to encourage students to connect the theory and the problem.

Seventh, it perfectly reflects not only the recently revised laws and regulations, such as the Local Autonomy Act, the Resident Referendum Act, the Resident Ordinance Proposal Act, the Public Officials' Union Act, and the Government Organization Act, but also the new trends in questions, high-difficulty areas, and policy issues that have emerged since the conversion to a compulsory subject.

The reason we launched this new book was based on the concept that "there is a need to review past exam questions."
Most public administration exam takers finish their theoretical studies and then start solving past exam questions at the end of the year. However, because there are so many past exam questions and they are mixed with difficult or one-time questions, I have seen many cases where they become frustrated and have a hard time choosing the correct answer or connecting the theory to the question.

To address these issues, I felt the need for a resource like a primer on past exam questions that would allow first-time test takers to warm up to the core questions in advance through representative, frequently-asked questions from the beginning of their theoretical studies before entering the full-fledged exam season, or to study alongside the theory.

Also, since the past exam questions are so vast, I think this book, which has refined and selected only the important, frequently appearing questions, will be useful as a final review at the end of the exam season. Since it consists of only representative questions, I expect that if the exam is easy, you will be able to get a high score with this textbook alone.