PART 01 Budget Practices
1.
local budget system
· Local budget-related laws
· Budget principles
· Types of budgets
2.
Local budget process
· Overview of the local budget process
· Meaning of the budget approval deadline, etc. (legal consultation)
· Glossary of Budget Terms
· Tips for preparing a revenue budget
· Tips for adjusting the expenditure budget
· Comparison of the budget and settlement processes of local and national finances
3.
Revenue and expenditure budget structure
· Understanding the general principles of the budget
· Local government revenue budget items
· Business structure of the expenditure budget
· Understanding key budget items
· Major subjects subject to local council budget control
· Criteria for assigning business names
· Verification of budget allocation and finalization period for national subsidy projects
· Policy projects and unit projects
· Establishment of detailed business
· Administrative operating expenses
Financial activities
4.
Local budget operation practices
· Budget execution before establishment (deemed processing)
· Budgeting and execution of reserve funds
· Budget allocation
· Budget transfer
· Fund processing when transferring the budget
· Budget carryover
5.
Fund Management Plan
· Changes to fund management plans (Article 11 of the Local Government Fund Act)
Understanding the Integrated Stabilization Fund
· Legend for fund revenue and expenditure items
6.
Local government financial management system
· Local Fiscal Impact Assessment & Medium-Term Local Fiscal Plan
· Local Finance Investment Review & Public Property Management Plan
· Approval of purified water products & prior approval of investment/contribution
· Academic service review & local subsidy composition review
· Preparation of budget performance plan & gender-responsive budget
· Participatory budgeting & event/festival expenses


PART 02 Expenditure Practices
1.
General accounting system
· Local accounting-related laws
· The significance of accounting
· Classification of Accounting
· 10 Principles and Exceptions to Budget Execution
· Accounting Officer and Integrated Expenditure Officer
· Accounting positions (examples of cities, counties, and autonomous districts)
· Financial guarantee
2.
Budget execution deliberation & expenditure cause actions
· Budget execution flow chart
· Budget execution deliberation
· Examples of budget execution items
· Agreement on financial matters (Articles 12 and 14 of the Accounting Instructions)
· Expenditure Cause Act (Article 29 of the Act)
· The timing and main documents for organizing the cause of expenditure
· Matters to be confirmed by accounting officials when a cause is established through a contract
3.
Expenses & Expense Resolutions
· Concept and procedure of expenditure
· How to write an expenditure resolution
· Expenditure Resolution (electronic)
Expenditure resolution (for handwritten use)
· Payment order
4.
Detailed execution standards for expenditure budget
· Labor costs (Item 101)
· General operating expenses (Item 201)
· Travel expenses (202 items)
· Overview of the Civil Servant Travel Expenses System
· Business promotion expenses (item 203)
· Rules for executing business promotion expenses
· Job performance expenses (item 204)
· Parliamentary expenses (205 items)
· Material cost (206 items)
· Research and development expenses (item 207)
· General Conservation Fund (Item 301)
· Relocation and Disaster Compensation (Item 302)
· Reward (303 items)
· Civilian transfer (307 items)
· Relocation of local governments, etc. (Item 308)
Capital expenditures (items 401-405)
5.
Special expenses (daily expenses, etc.)
· Principles and special provisions for expenditures
· Scope of daily expenses, etc. (Article 38 of the Branch Ordinance)
· Temporary daily expenses cashier (Branch Ordinance Article 42)
· Precautions when executing daily security
· Tips for using your daily expense card for small purchases
· Advance payment, preliminary payment, expenditure from the previous fiscal year, carryover
6.
Purchase card usage criteria
· Local government purchasing card issuance and usage standards
· How to issue a purchase card
· Purchasing card usage target
· Credit card usage procedures
· Registration and management of cash receipt cards
· Debit card/debit electronic payment
7.
Non-tax cash, bookkeeping, and proof of accounts
· Cash other than income and expenditure
· Statute of limitations
· Accounting book management
· Proof of computation
· Ending processing
8.
Tax Invoice & Withholding Tax
· Proof of expenditure for tax purposes
· Tax invoice (invoice) & receipt
· Income tax withholding
· Income taxable & tax-exempt
9.
Civil Service Allowances, Vacation, and Travel Expenses FAQ
· Local government employee allowance system
· Payment method for allowances, etc. due to change of status, etc.
· FAQs about leave (maternity, childcare, sick leave, etc.) and travel expenses


PART 03 Contract Practice
1.
Meaning and types of contracts
· Significance of the contract
· Legal system related to local contracts
· Type of contract
· Construction industry
· Types of service contracts
· Minor construction
· Contract amount in case of unit price contract
· Types and comparison of joint contracts
· Comparison of bidding and electronic contracts
2.
Contract-related systems
· Key issues in the Serious Disaster Punishment Act
· Comparison of safety management under the Performance Act with the Industrial Safety and Health Act
· Obtaining a certificate confirming whether or not there are restrictions on concluding a veterinary contract
· Abolition of construction industry regulations (amendment to the Construction Industry Act)
· Separate ordering system
Disclosure of contract information and advance disclosure of purchasing specifications
· Contracts made before the start of the fiscal year or before budget allocation
· Comprehensive contract
· Designated bidding contract
· Procurement and third-party unit price purchasing
· MAS Phase 2 Competitive Procurement
· Procurement fees (domestic purchase, national marketplace)
· Restrictions on small and medium-sized enterprises & international bidding announcement amount
· Purchase target ratio by priority purchase target for public institutions
· Omission of standard contract form
· Writer of local contracts and other contracts
· 5 Things You Must Know When Signing an MOU (Memorandum of Understanding)
3.
Bidding and Contract Execution Standards
· Restrictions on bidding participation
· Bidding eligibility determination date & bid invalidation
· Determination of successful bidder in case of same price bidding
· Limited bidding
· Prohibition of split contracts for construction work
· Execution of contracts involving a mixture of goods, services, and construction work
· Notes to Contract Managers
· Disaster recovery budget execution guidelines
4.
Veterinary contract operation guidelines
· Types of veterinary contracts
· Determining the counterparty for the veterinary contract
· Reasons for exclusion from veterinary contracts
· Restrictions on entering into veterinary contracts and confirmation of eligible parties
· Veterinary Contract Manual
5.
Estimated and projected prices
· Terminology related to public contract pricing
· Tips for researching projected prices
· Estimated price for goods and general services
· Method for calculating construction technology service fees
· Method of calculating architectural design costs
· Estimated construction cost
6.
Prepare for order
· Things to check at the contract ordering stage
· Contract review (cost) system
· Compliance with the guidelines for protecting working conditions for contract workers
· Documents to be attached and confirmation items when requesting a bid contract
7.
Bidding and contracting procedures
· Contract work flow chart
· Bidding and contracting procedures (subject to qualification review)
· Construction contract flow chart
· Service contract flow chart
· Multi-Agency Sourcing (MAS) Phase 2 Contract Flowchart
· Design service evaluation (PQ, SOQ, TP) flow chart
· Electronic bidding flow chart
8.
Tender notice
· Construction & Services & Goods Participation Eligibility
· General construction & specialized construction classification
· Product classification (identification) number & G2B utilization
· Matters that must be specified in the bid notice
· Eligibility for Urban Forest & Tree Hospital
· Confirmation of eligibility for participation in joint contract limited bidding
· Timing of tender announcement
· Standard unit for period calculation and amount
· Rebidding, re-announcement, and correction announcement
· How to handle ticket errors
9.
How to determine the successful bidder
· Concept of method for determining successful bidder
· Classification of methods for determining the successful bidder
· Business-specific eligibility review application criteria (regulations)
· Determination of successful bidder through qualification screening
· Qualification examination score distribution and examination items
· Evaluation of participant qualifications and construction experience in accordance with the reorganization of the construction industry
· Sample materials for qualification examination manual
· 2nd stage bidding guidelines
· Negotiation contract tips
· Proposal Writing Tips (Negotiation, Step 2)
10.
Contract conclusion and performance
· Contract conclusion and performance
· Items that can be omitted, exempted, or excluded when signing a contract
· Information to be specified when purchasing goods
· Matters to be specified when negotiating a construction service contract
· Contract documents (for goods, services, and construction)
· Various warranties for construction and technical services
11.
Design changes, etc.
· Design changes and period extensions
· Adjustment of contract amount due to price fluctuations
· Applicable unit price when construction design changes increase or decrease
· How to calculate the increase/decrease ratio (win rate) reflected in design changes
· Fact-finding reporting and design change procedures
12.
Construction Supervisor's Guide
· Construction Supervision Checklist
· Construction Subcontracting Checklist
· Items to be reviewed when notifying a subcontractor
· Subcontracting status
· Processing of construction waste and designated waste (asbestos)
13.
Advance payment and consideration
· Advance payment
· Inspection and payment, etc.
· Defect management (Article 20 of the Act)
· Post-settlement of insurance premiums, etc.
· Proof of payment of national taxes and insurance premiums and exceptions
· Notes on payment
14.
Payment of construction workers' wages
· Construction worker payment protection system
· Construction worker labor cost classification management and payment confirmation system
· Subcontracting fee and construction equipment rental fee payment confirmation system
· Subcontractor Guardian & Wage Cost Separate Payment
15.
Special provisions regarding large-scale construction projects
· Significance of large-scale construction
· Bidding and selection of successful bidders for large-scale construction projects
· Procedures for carrying out large-scale construction projects
· Types of methods for determining successful bidders for large-scale construction projects
16.
Contract Penalty
· Delayed payment (Article 30 of the Act, Article 90 of the Ordinance)
· Failure to bid, abandonment of contract, cancellation, termination and cancellation of construction
· Sanctions against unfair trade practices and exclusion from contracts
· Seizure and deposit of bonds
· Debt seizure processing method and priority
· FAQs on Seizure and Deposit Services
17. FAQ & Thank You Cases
· Authoritative interpretation of contracts
· Contract field audit cases
· Frequently Asked Questions about Contracts
· Considerations for auditing contract work

PART 04 Subsidy Management
1.
Local government subsidy management standards??
· Recent revisions related to local government subsidies??
· Local government subsidy basis and support target??
· Selection and allocation of local government subsidy business operators??
· Local government subsidy project execution standards??
· Execution standards by auxiliary business item (example)??
· Settlement of local government subsidy projects and management of important assets??
· Sanctions and penalties such as exclusion from local government subsidy projects??
2.
Local government subsidy guidance and inspection practice??
· What are the considerations for calculating local subsidies?
· Checklist for inspection of functional enhancement project execution??
3.
Botum e Operation Guide & Manual??
· Overview of the local subsidy management system operation??
· Overview of the local government subsidy management system??
· Classification by type of local government subsidy project??
· Subsidy payment method and account and dedicated card opening??
· What are the flow of funds and accounting treatment when using Botum e?
· Botum e private assistance process??
· Local government subsidy project management system??
· Flow chart by contest type??
· Flow chart of teaching management??
· Subsidy execution (subsidized business operator)??
· Execution and performance inspection of auxiliary projects??
· Subsidy settlement??
· How to manually settle accounts??
4.
National Treasury Subsidy Assistance Manual
· Key contents of auxiliary business management and subsidy application
· Government subsidy management and budget application work
· Management of national subsidies and application for funding
· Management of national subsidy execution performance
· Management of national subsidy settlement/settlement/history data
5.
National subsidy e-country help link??
· Easy to understand e-Nara Help??
· Things to check when settling e-National Assistance??
· e-National Assistance Flowchart and Manual??
· Subsidy conditions (also refer to local government subsidy projects)??
· Comparison of e-National Aid & Botum e systems?
· How to process e-Nara Help settlement return?


PART 05 Settlement Practice
1.
Significance & Overview of Settlement??
· Significance of local budget settlement
· Overview of local budget settlement??
· Comparison of budget accounting and financial accounting settlement??
2.
What are the composition and attached documents of the financial statements?
· Contents of the budget accounting statement??
3.
Ready for the settlement?
· Fiscal year affiliation & previous year's expenditure??
· When is the cause of the budget expenditures to be sorted out?
4.
Completion of the accounting office
· Completion of the accounting office??
· Exceptions to processing within the closing period for receipts and disbursements?
5.
(e-Hojo) Pre-settlement inspection and preparation of settlement statements
· What to do according to the order of processing of settlement work??
· Details of e-finance inspection before budget settlement??
· Verification against budget settlement??
6.
Guidelines for preparing financial statements and attached documents
· How to write a financial statement??
· Instructions for writing attached documents??
· Things to keep in mind when writing the subsidy execution status??
· How to prepare financial statements and attached documents?
· [e-Hojo] Enter budget settlement expenditure data??
· [e-Hojo] Enter subsidy settlement data??


PART 06 e-Finance Practice
1.
e-Hojo improvement history??
· Key history of improvements to the e-Hojo expenditure system??
· What are the criteria for granting e-approval authority for the real-name budget execution system?
· Register e-Hojo electronic approval route?
· Digitization of expenditure documents?
2.
What's your favorite menu?
· Application for daily expenses??
· Tips for spending with a credit card??
· Insufficient funds for expenditures - Budget allocation on an ad hoc basis?
· Insufficient funds at the time of expenditure resolution - allocation of funds on an ad hoc basis?
· Change in expenditure source (21109)?
· Instructions for registering a virtual account when returning expenditures (payments)
· Method of offsetting contract delay compensation against completion fee
3.
Terms by menu option
· Terms related to budget execution
· Expenditure resolution type
· Payment/deposit type & proof/order classification
4.
e-Hojo Expenditure Manual Flowchart
· e-Hojo Business Manual Cafe Search Code
· General expenditure flow chart
· Contract Expenditure Flow Chart
· Flow chart for subject correction, return, correction of cause of action, etc.
5.
e-Hojo Pre-Preparation (End of December)
· Matters to be confirmed by business department manager
· Things to check with the accountant


PART 07 Double-entry bookkeeping
1.
Double-entry bookkeeping system?
· Understanding the double-entry accounting system?
2.
What accounting types do you use most often?
· What type of accounting processing do you use most often?
· Correct accounting treatment type (cost)?
· Correct accounting treatment type (asset)?
3.
e-Hojo Indignation Manual
· Understand the principle of indignation?
· How to handle e-tax complaints?


PART 08 COMMON PROPERTY AND GOODS
1.
Common property in general?
· Definition of common property term??
· Protection of common property??
· General of common property??
2.
Managing common property?
· Common property management plan??
3.
Management of shared property?
· How to obtain permission to use/profit/loan?
· What are the considerations and precautions when signing a use/profit permit/loan contract?
· Use/profit permit / loan period?
· How to calculate the usage fee and rental fee for shared property?
· Example of calculating the building property value?
· Delegation of management of administrative property?
4.
An overview of material management?
· Goods and essential goods??
· General criteria for economic repair limits
5.
Material management operation?
· Sale of unused items??
· How to sell unused items (bidding and negotiated contract)?
· Storage of goods??
· Transfer/loan of goods?
· Inspection of goods?


PART 09 COMPENSATION AND ACCOUNTING RESPONSIBILITY
1.
Accounting responsibility and liability for damages
· Accounting responsibility?
· Liability for damages?
· Determination of liability for damages and relief procedures?
2.
Reduction, Not-Fault Judgment & Compensation Judgment
· Cases of reduction or not-at-fault judgment by the Board of Audit and Inspection?
· Cases of compensation decisions by the Board of Audit and Inspection?
3.
Accounting Responsibilities and Breach of Duty
· Violation of duties by accounting staff, etc.?

PART 10 Gratitude Cases
1.
Contract Audit Cases
· [List]
2.
Audit Cases in Budget and Accounting
· [List]

This book is a workbook for those working in accounting or newcomers to the field in local governments and public institutions (including public corporations, invested/funded institutions, private sector consignments, and auxiliary organizations).

We have incorporated the work know-how of the homepage manager and staff of the 'Budget Accounting Practice' Naver Cafe, which has over 320,000 members, to make it easy to understand information on all areas of budget accounting and apply it directly to practice.

It covers essential practical aspects of budgeting, spending, and contracting, and also includes basic knowledge on subsidies, financial statements, double-entry bookkeeping, and shared property.
In particular, we have linked it with the 'Budget Accounting Practice' cafe, which was selected as Naver's representative popular cafe, to enable easy supplementary learning through keyword search and data number.

While the textbook is structured in a simple manual format, the accompanying materials are detailed and applicable to practical work, giving you confidence in all aspects of accounting.


Since the first edition was published in 2018 to be used as a practical lecture material in civil servant training centers, local governments, and public institutions, the book has been updated annually to comply with laws and regulations and supplemented by adding necessary materials.

We have completed the revision work this year as well.
This revision process largely reflects the changes to the 2025 budget system, the key changes to accounting laws and administrative regulations revised this year, and the opinions of cafe members, which have been publicly collected and are rich in valuable materials.

Budget accounting is the transparent execution of the budget, which is the people's tax money, and the efficient management of funds and assets.
This basic book will break the stereotype that accounting is difficult and provide various information and tips to make it easy to understand.

To help you all reach the level of a master, our home managers and staff will spare no effort in providing support through basic books and practical cafes.
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all the staff members who have volunteered in their spare time despite their busy schedules due to COVID-19.

Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Kang In-ok, co-author of the basic book and cafe advisor, Director Choi Du-seon, and the staff including Jo Yang-je (Mir a), Kim Young-jun (Balgwang Angel), Han Gil-ok (Bitgoeul Guide), Park Seong-mun (Rewarded Learner), Jeong Ho-yeong (Boyru), Kim Geun-sook (Dokhee), Kim Jae-gon (Gwalmoksangdae), Gwanjae Man (Park Woo-jin), and Jaesan Songmu (Lee Ki-yong), as well as Chairman Park Jeong-tae and the staff of Gwangmungak Publishing who published the book.

Budget Accounting Practice Cafe Manager Home Page
(Choi Ki-woong, expert in local administration)