Editor's Note

PART
01 How to Live

/ 1 / The meaning of life
001 Life comes before philosophy｜002 Life's problems disappear when life fits its form｜003 Life's problems are solved only in depth｜004 A life without problems has problems｜005 Fear comes from a wrong view of life｜006 About God and the purpose of life｜007 Those who live in the present live forever｜008 Most people live in a deep sleep｜009 The reason I live｜010 A new life and a new language game｜011 About the immortality of the soul｜012 Life's problems are not solved by science｜013 Life's problems are not solved, but resolved

/ 2 / Happiness
014 A happy life is self-justifying | 015 Happiness is harmony with the world | 016 What good is philosophy if you are not happy | 017 Happy people have no fear | 018 How to find happiness | 019 Happiness and the purpose of existence | 020 A life of enlightenment is happy | 021 Happy and unhappy people

/ 3 / Attitude towards life
022 Change yourself｜023 Be independent｜024 Do not be influenced｜025 Do not be an empty leather bag｜026 Keep your cool｜027 Do not resist anxiety｜028 Do not resist sadness｜029 You must learn to accept misfortune｜030 If you want to change the world, change yourself｜031 A true revolutionary｜032 On repentance｜033 Breaking pride｜034 Beware of conceit｜035 On foolishness and wisdom｜036 A life without desire｜037 A courageous life｜038 To be loved rather than worshipped｜039 Respect the inner self of others

/ 4 / About Death
040 I want to live｜041 Fear of death｜042 Facing death｜043 The meaning of death and life｜044 May I die a good death｜045 May life become clear｜046 The death of my father｜047 A life that can die well｜048 The moment of death｜049 Suicide is a dirty thing｜050 A hero looks death straight in the eye｜051 How to overcome the moment of death｜052 It is a pity to live long｜053 Mental life can end before physical life｜054 Indifference to the afterlife｜055 The Last Judgment｜056 The last will

/ 5 / Wisdom and Insights for Life
057 What is hidden behind wisdom｜058 The limits of wisdom｜059 Think for yourself｜060 What is a good metaphor｜061 It is difficult to recognize familiarity｜062 Thoughts locked in a room｜063 The prison called skin｜064 When problems are not solved｜065 Passion is deeper than jealousy｜066 The true nature of a person｜067 The greatness of a human being｜068 The malnutrition of the soul｜069 You cannot be great if you do not know yourself｜070 The meaning of achievement｜071 You do not have to go far to think deeply｜072 A great scientist is not a great person｜073 Life and the environment｜074 The whole earth cannot suffer more than one soul｜075 The right to pity others｜076 Difference and meaning｜077 Good opposition and superficial opposition｜078 Science and wonder｜079 How to deal with people you dislike｜080 The value of love｜081 True love is to think of the pain of others 082 About the times 083 Everyday life is as cruel as war 084 To cure the diseases of the times 085 Humor is a worldview 086 To open yourself to others

PART
02 Wittgenstein's Life

/ 6 / Simple Life
087 Voluntary Poverty｜088 Reasons for Giving Up Property｜089 Simple Meals｜090 The Best Rest for Mental Labor is Physical Labor｜091 The Importance of Ordinary Work｜092 On Labor｜093 I Want to Die as a Respected Citizen｜094 Money Drains My Vitality｜095 Do Not Play in Front of Working People｜096 On Communism｜097 The Philosopher and the Plumber

/ 7 / Conscience and Ethics
098 Lies and Truth｜099 Conscience is the Voice of God｜100 One Must Become Human Before Becoming a Logician｜101 The Tendency to Lie｜102 How to Lie｜103 Consciousness of Others｜104 Moral Death｜105 Repentance for Showing｜106 Fear of Repentance｜107 An Ethically Perfect Life｜108 Lies and Truth｜109 Honesty from Timidity｜110 The Professorship Does Not Stimulate Me｜111 Fear of Ridicule｜112 Letting Go of Vanity｜113 Stop Looking at Others and Listen to Yourself｜114 The Pain of Conscience｜115 The Beginning of Originality is Not to Lie｜116 Vanity in Dreams｜117 Guilt and Vanity｜118 Vanity is Evil｜119 Know That You Are a Miserable Sinner｜120 Realizing Yourself｜121 The Reason I Rejected Research Grants

/ 8 / Conversation with oneself
122 Talking to Oneself｜123 The Joy of Thinking｜124 The True Face of a Person｜125 Can I Make a Great Discovery｜126 My Day｜127 Philosophy is a Work on Oneself｜128 My Writing is a Conversation with Oneself｜129 My Sentences Must Be Read Slowly｜130 Correctly Written Sentences｜131 The Difficulty of Expression｜132 I Think with a Pen｜133 We Write from Our Own Height｜134 Observing Myself from the Outside｜135 You Cannot Deceive Your Style with Self-Deception｜136 Accepting the Flaws of Your Style｜｜137 About a True Autobiography｜138 Only Those Who Have Overcome Themselves Can Tell the Truth｜139 The Naked Soul｜140 A Walker of Thought｜141 The Delusion of Greatness｜142 Can You Sacrifice for God｜143 Vanity that Tries to Abandon Vanity｜144 About the Diligence of Great Men｜145 Hobbies Can Fascine, but Not Move None｜146 Trials are a part of love｜147 Like a clumsy rider｜148 Don't cater to your audience｜149 Transformation of life or philosophy｜150 Bronchitis of the mind

/ 9 / Advice and counsel
151 What good is philosophy?｜152 A person who is afraid of getting hurt cannot think honestly｜153 I manufacture my own air｜154 Have the strength to quit work｜155 Don't fool yourself｜156 Just be kind to people｜157 Think of others first｜158 Stagger your way forward｜159 Get a job that involves kindness and consideration｜160 Study while you have the strength｜161 You shouldn't continue to work in a shameful job｜162 Do what you can without losing your pride｜163 Open your eyes wider｜164 When hand-to-hand combat breaks out｜165 Stop complaining｜166 The courage to act｜167 Be very rough｜168 Beware of the allure of psychoanalysis

/ 10 / Solitude
169 Feeling exiled from my hometown｜170 The problem is myself｜171 No one will understand me｜172 Why I want to be a teacher｜173 Thoughts of suicide｜174 The pain of having no one to talk to｜175 Feeling like a stranger｜176 I am lonely, but I hope you are happy｜177 I am afraid of an evening filled with sadness｜178 Life is torture｜179 How to end despair｜180 Words from the heart｜181 The need for jokes｜182 Sometimes you need someone to smile at you｜183 The pain of heartbreak｜184 About love｜185 The pain of waiting for a letter｜186 The blessings of everyday life

PART
03 Philosophical Thoughts

/ 11 / About Language
187 The Importance of What Is Unwritten｜188 Speaking Clearly｜189 Words Express Only Facts｜190 The Limits of Thought｜191 Every Explanation Is a Hypothesis｜192 The Meaning of Questions｜193 Language and the Form of Life｜194 Speaking and Realizing｜195 New Words｜196 Words and Actions｜197 The Riddle of the Other｜198 The Function of Poor Writing｜199 Where Does the Greatness of Writing Lie｜200 The Power of Rough Expressions｜201 Argumentation Destroys Beauty｜202 Practice Gives Meaning to Words｜203 The Limits of Definition｜204 How to Write a Preface｜205 There Are No Riddles｜206 Kicking the Ladder

/12 / About the reason
207 Go to the Valley of Foolishness｜208 Philosophy books worsen thinking｜209 Regrets about reading｜210 The question of 'why'｜211 Only those who think for themselves can understand me｜212 Philosophy is changing the style of thinking｜213 What appears the same is actually different｜214 Don't think, but look｜215 See the whole picture｜216 Plowing the field of thinking｜217 The birth of thinking｜218 If you think differently, you can see things anew｜219 The merits of Copernicus and Darwin｜220 There is no book that teaches you how to think｜221 Small thinking｜222 Thinking can be priced with courage｜223 Ask deeply｜224 The path of thinking｜225 Thinking and a sense of honor｜226 Understanding is seeing connections｜227 Anything can happen in countless ways｜228 Trivial questions｜229 Overcome the difficulties of the will｜230 On publishing the Philosophical Investigations｜231 A hundred years Only then will you understand me

/ 13 / On Philosophy
232 Philosophy is not science | 233 The purpose of teaching philosophy | 234 The essence and goal of philosophy | 235 The act of clarifying requires courage | 236 How are philosophical problems solved | 237 Proof cannot dispel the fog | 238 The basis of belief is an unfounded belief | 239 How to escape from philosophical confusion | 240 The most profound problems are in fact no problems at all | 241 What a philosopher is | 242 What philosophy is | 243 Philosophy leaves everything as it is | 244 Philosophers strive to find words of liberation | 245 Write philosophy like poetry | 246 What cannot be said | 247 Do not say more than you can say | 248 The meaning of the world | 249 The world is the sum total of facts | 250 Contemplate the world under the image of eternity | 251 Philosophy and the safe | 252 Ethics and the limits of language | 253 Ethics and the limits of language II

/ 14 / About God and Religion
254 The God I Believe in｜255 Catholic Dogma｜256 There is no tragedy｜257 Christianity is not a doctrine｜258 Religion is only a matter between God and me｜259 Religion and peace of mind｜260 There is no religion without suffering｜261 Believing in God｜262 The light of death and life｜263 The basis of religion｜264 Religious life｜265 Wisdom, life, and religion｜266 The distance from God｜267 Religious viewpoint｜268 Words are not the essence of religion｜269 The philosophy of Christianity is false｜270 God does not reveal himself｜271 The meaning of believing in the resurrection｜272 The reason for believing in the resurrection of Jesus｜273 Only conscience commands me to believe｜274 What is God...｜275 You cannot love God without knowing Him｜276 The voice of God｜277 Why faith is a blessing｜278 The depth of faith

/ 15 / Art and Genius
279 Art and Life｜280 The Author's Intention is Meaningless to the Reader｜281 Art and Silence｜282 The Wildness of Art｜283 Genius and Concentration｜284 The Use of Talent｜285 The Measure of Genius is Character｜286 The Talent of the Master｜287 An Evaluation of Shakespeare｜288 The Greatness of Weininger｜289 Beethoven's Music is Totally True｜290 This is the Kind of Person One Should Be｜291 An Evaluation of Tolstoy｜292 Vanity and Art｜293 Why Vanity Ruins a Work｜294 On Trakl's Poetry｜295 The Difference Between American and British Films｜296 Genius and the Age｜297 Why Artists Fall Behind the Times

supplement
References

Insights into the life of Wittgenstein, the greatest philosopher of the 20th century

Although he published only one book, one paper, and one book review in his lifetime, Wittgenstein is considered one of the greatest genius philosophers of the 20th century.
But his greatest concern was improving his own life.
He, who struggled throughout his life to achieve ethical perfection, once asked his disciple Norman Malcolm, “If the utility of studying philosophy is merely to enable us to speak plausibly about difficult logical problems, but if it does not improve our thinking about important everyday issues, if it does not make us more conscientious, what is the use of studying philosophy?”


Born as the youngest child of an Austrian steel tycoon family, he emerged as a darling of the philosophy world, having a great influence on logical positivism with his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, which he completed on the battlefield in his early twenties.
However, he himself claims to have solved all the problems of philosophy, throws away all his inherited wealth, and leaves the world of philosophy.
As he declared in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, in order to solve life's problems, one must live in a way that makes those problems disappear, and to do this, he realized that he had to change the way he lived. He spent his entire life searching for the 'right way to live' to put his enlightenment into practice.
He moved from engineering to philosophy, to the battlefield, to an elementary school teacher, to an architect, to a monastery, to a professor, to a worker, to a hermit, and even in his diary two years before his death, he explored the possibility of a 'different life'.
He continued his philosophical studies until two days before his death, and his last words were as follows:
“Tell them.
“I had a wonderful life!”

Wittgenstein's Aphorisms and the Tone of Genius

Most of Wittgenstein's writings are written in the form of philosophical essays rather than systematic narratives.
He avoided systematic explanations or arguments because he did not view philosophy as a theory that justifies any one point of view.
Russell's advice to support claims with arguments is that "arguments spoil beauty.
He even replied, “It’s like dirtying a flower with muddy hands.”
Wittgenstein's writings are in the form of short fragments, so many of them have a strong aphoristic character.
Although Nietzsche is famous for his aphorisms, the aura of Wittgenstein's fragments is no less impressive.
Many phrases, such as “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof be silent” and “The limits of my language are the limits of my world,” are quoted countless times as famous sayings.
He put a lot of effort into his writing style, to the point where he thought, “Writing correctly means putting the train on the tracks without an inch of deviation,” and he was proud of his writing style.
He never wrote like a thesis, and said that philosophy should be written like poetry.
According to his disciple and archivist, von Bricht, Wittgenstein is considered to have made a great contribution not only to philosophy but also to the development of German prose.
There is an anecdote that Wittgenstein's writing has such a strong individuality that Russell recognized his genius after reading just one line.
Through this book, you will be able to feel some of the tone of the genius that is Wittgenstein.

Life comes before philosophy

In a 1913 letter to Russell, Wittgenstein wrote, "How can one become a logician before becoming a human being? It is far more important to solve the problem of oneself."
In his diary entry dated March 1, 1937, he wrote, “We must live life first.
“Only then can one philosophize,” he writes.
The idea that life precedes philosophy runs through Wittgenstein's life, and even in 1947 he confessed that because of this he "will never be able to found a school" of philosophy, saying, "It is not at all clear to me whether I would rather have others continue my work than to transform my way of life and thus render all these questions useless."

This book is a collection of sayings and writings from Wittgenstein's life and thought that, rather than being about professional philosophy, "enhance our thinking about important everyday problems."
About 300 short essays were selected from Wittgenstein's works, diaries, letters, memoirs of acquaintances, and secondary works about him, and categorized into 15 themes, including 'The Meaning of Life,' 'Happiness,' 'Attitude to Life,' 'Solitude,' and 'Advice and Counseling.'
To help readers understand, relevant background information has been added as an explanation and the original source has been cited.
Also, for the benefit of readers who wish to examine the evolution of Wittgenstein's thinking, the relevant years have been disclosed as much as possible.


In particular, many parts were quoted from the so-called 'Koder Diaries', diaries written between 1930-32 and 1936-37, which were newly discovered after the publication of Ray Monk's 'Wittgenstein: A Biography'.
Wittgenstein's diaries offer a glimpse into the intimate self-conversations of middle-aged Wittgenstein, a subject hitherto unknown to the public.
This diary is reminiscent of Augustine's Confessions or Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling, and contains Wittgenstein's desperate self-reflection, as he writhes in the pangs of conscience to the point of being tormented by "even the wind blowing through the leaves."
Wittgenstein's reflections on his life, which he spent his entire life searching for the "right form of life" through solitude and suffering, offer readers unexpected comfort and a certain light.
I recommend this book to those who are wondering what life is and how to live it.